1、专业八级-1029 及答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How to Read EffectivelyMany students tend to read books without any purpose. They often read a book slowly and in great detail with the result that they frequently have no (1)_view of what they are read
2、ing. (1)_To read effectively, students are suggested to do the following:1) To decide precisely on the (2)_ for reading a book. (2)_2) To decide what they are going to read:a. The (3)_page should be read first. (3)_b. The chapter headings are useful in indicating what should be read.c. The Index can
3、 help to (4)_the pages related to some (4)_information.3) To read the opening and final paragraphs so that they could know whata book is mainly about.4) To ask themselves what is the main part of their reading and then tryto answer the question by making notes, which can help them toconcentrate on t
4、he reading and provide a (5)_which can bo (5)_re-read later.5) To increase reading speed without loss of (6)_ (6)_Three main kinds of silent reading speed:1) the slowest, study speed for a higher level of understanding,2) the average speed for easier textbooks, novels, etc.3) the fastest: (7)_used t
5、o get a general idea of a book or an (7)_article.The results of a survey of students reading speed conducted by EdwardFry:A good reader achieves (8)_comprehension when he skims at (8)_over 800 words a minute, 70% comprehension at 250-500 words a minute,and 80%-90% comprehension at 200-300 words a mi
6、nute.The average speed of a poor reader is 150 to (9)_words a (9)_minute with a comprehension rate of (10)_. (10)_（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to the interview, people often spend time looking for things becau
7、seA. they suffer from amnesia. B. they are not organized.C. they have too many things. D. they are often in a hurry.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).As for banking online, which of the following is NOT suggested?A. Giving up a little control. B. Using the website of your bank.C. Asking questions about its safet
8、y. D. Contacting consumer service clerks.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is the advice given to library people?A. Go online and wait for the delivery of the book ordered.B. Check the librarys website and then go to the library.C. Go online or go to the library to check whether a book is
9、in stock.D. Put a book in order and call a librarian to ask when you can get it.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The thing that should be put at hand in every single room isA. brush. B. thread. C. present. D. scissor.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Carolyn Forte gives us time-saving tips on all of the following EXCEPTA. d
10、oing shopping. B. traveling by air.C. making phone calls. D. putting things in order.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Which programme is season finale top-rated prime-time drama?A. “Youll never forget“. B. “ER“. C. “Law the first generation of “real“ robots may seem a bit crude. But by
11、 the end of the decade, we may well encounter tiny robots cooking hamburgers in fast - food restaurants, mop ping up shopping malls, even delivering meal trays in hospitals.Two factors are pushing the development of robotics: technology and economics. Artificial intelligence is the key to a successf
12、ul robot, but some of the simplest tasks for a human mind are difficult for a robot. One example: the ability to look at the comer of a room, where walls and ceiling meet, and know that the corner goes in, not out. Easy for humans, very tough for real -world R2D25. But new neural -network computers,
13、 which more closely resemble the human brain, look particularly promising for teaching robots how to adapt to their surroundings.Economics is the key to the acceptance of robots. As declining birthrates lead to a shortage of entry level workers in much of the industrialized world, researchers are de
14、signing robots that can manage at least portions of such jobs as burger flippers or hospital orderlies.Fast - food robots will probably cook and Package food; humans will still greet the public at the counter and make incorrect change.By the late 90s,improved robots will be inexpensive enough to ser
15、ve as aides for the disabled, giving even quadriplegics the ability to feed themselves and perform office work. Not all robots will be so benign. Another model in production is a security guard designed to wander deserted warehouses and signal a human guard when it encounters intruders. At least one
16、 American firm has designed an armed security robot capable of firing a weapon.And the long- promised home robot? This little electronic servant, capable of delivering a frosty beer from the fridge, picking up the kidstoys and washing the occasional window, probably wont be a mass market item in the
17、 90s-unless we modify our homes to accommodate them. Every room would need to have tiny radio beacons to tell the robot where it is, and staircases would need special construction for easy robot access. Sound unlikely? Perhaps. But in 1890 a person might have thought it unlikely if he had been told
18、that the entire urban landscape of the planet would be modified to accommodate the automobile.（分数：5.00）(1).In the next decade ,Robots will become practical because of all but one exception that _.A. they may cook hamburgers in the restaurantsB. they can perform wonderous skill as shown in science fi
19、ction filmC. they may deliver meal trays in hospitalsD. they may do some moppings in the shopping center（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is difficult for robots to do at present?A. To assemble machines.B. To do some kinds of cleaning.C. To work as service men.D. To tell that the corner wh
20、ere walls and ceilings meet goes in, not out.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Robots will not be accepted unless _.A. they can do some domestic jobs in hospitalB. they can cook and package foodC. they can greet people at the counterD. they can do jobs human needs to solve a shortage of labourers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
21、.(4).Which of the following statements is not true?A. Robots will be less expensive than they are now.B. They will be used as aides for the disabled.C. They will all be gentle and kind.D. They will deal with intruders.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the authors attitude towards long-promised home robot?A
22、. Optimistic. B. Pessimistic. C. Skeptical. D. Disbelieving.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Jan Hendrik Schons success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only fuur years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papersone every 16 days, which aston
23、ished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate paperswhich also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Naturethe jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigati
24、on found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished.If it sounds a lot like the fall of Hwang Woo Sukthe South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidence about cloning human cellsit is. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to foll
25、ow similar patterns of hubris and comeuppance. Afterwards, colleagues wring their hands and wonder how such malfeasance can be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer-review, in which manuscripts are evaluated by experts in the field,
26、 is not meant to catch cheats. In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions raised anew by Hwangs fall are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of
27、 what science reaches the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters; cell biologists have Cell; neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the onl
28、y two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why d
29、o they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the accolades of academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonu
30、s of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.Scientists are also trying to reach other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. Scientists tend to pay more attention to the Big Two than to other journals. When more scientists know abo
31、ut a particular paper, theyre more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientists “Impact Factor“, a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the Impact Factor as a rough measure of the influence of scientists theyre considering supporting.
32、Whether the clamor to appear in these journals has any bearing on their ability to catch fraud is another matter. The fact is that fraud is terrifically hard to spot. Consider the process Science used to evaluate Hwangs 2005 article. Science editors recognized the manuscripts import almost as soon a
33、s it arrived. As part of the standard procedure, they sent it to two members of its Board of Reviewing Editors, who recommended that it go out for peer review (about 30 percent of manuscripts pass this test). This recommendation was made not on the scientific validity of the paper, but on its “novel
34、ty, originality, and trendiness,“ says Denis Duboule, a geneticist at the University of Geneva and a member of Sciences Board of Reviewing Editors, in the January 6 issue of Science.After this, Science sent the paper to three stem-cell experts, who had a week to look it over. Their comments were fav
35、orable. How were they to know that the data was fraudulent? “You look at the data and do not assume its fraud,“ says one reviewer, anonymously, in Science.In the end, a big scandal now and then isnt likely to do much damage to the big scientific journals. What editors and scientists worry about more
36、 are the myriad smaller infractions that occur all the time, and which are almost impossible to detect. A Nature survey of scientists published last June found that one-third of all respondents had committed some forms of misconduct. These included falsifying research data and having “questionable r
37、elationships“ with students and subjectsboth charges leveled against Hwang. Nobody really knows if this kind of fraud is on the rise, but it is worrying.Science editors dont have any plans to change the basic editorial peer: review process as a result of the Hwang scandal. They do have plans to scru
38、tinize photographs more closely in an effort to spot instances of fraud, but that policy change had already been decided when the scandal struck. And even if it had been in place, it would not have revealed that Hwang had misrepresented photographs from two stem cell colonies as coming from 11 colon
39、ies. With the financial and deadline pressures of the publishing industry, its unlikely that the journals are going to take markedly stronger measures to vet manuscripts. Beyond replicating the experiments themselves, which would be impractical, its difficult to see what they could do to make scienc
40、e beyond the honor system.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Key scientific journals are authoritative in evaluating scientific papers.B. Peer-review is the most effective method in evaluating and selecting scientific papers.C. Scientists are less likely to achie
41、ve career success without publications in top papers.D. Fabricating evidence in scientific researches can be discovered by enough strict evaluation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Science and Nature are top journals in the world in that _.A. they are built on the honor systemB. they are the only world-recogniz
42、ed journals in the scientific circleC. they cover all the research areas of scienceD. they are as popular as public magazines（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What can be inferred about a scientists “Impact Factor“?A. One is more likely to get funding for research with a high Impact Factor.B. One is more likely
43、to get his or her paper published with a high Impact Factor.C. Ones Impact Factor will be increased once he or she has a paper published in Science.D. Ones Impact Factor will be increased when more people read his or her paper.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, manuscripts of science are
44、 recommended on their _.A. novelty, originality, and trendinessB. timelinessC. scientific validityD. readability（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What would be detrimental to big scientific journals according to the author?A. Big scientific scandals once in a while.B. Small infractions that occur all the time.C.
45、 Unreliable research data in papers.D. Lack of originality in research papers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Science has decided to _.A. change its basic evaluation processB. sue Hwang Woo SukC. have more thorough scrutiny of photographs for fraudD. ensure scientific validity of papers by replicating the expe
46、riments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a pro
47、sperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practi
48、cal rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents presence without asking permission. Practical rules are helpful in
