1、专业八级-1020 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Effectiveness of a Person1. believe there is no such thing as (1) , (1) _so the solution is (2) when it is optimum or close to the best. (2) _2. believe (3) of life, the universe, (3) _ people, etc
2、, is relatively goodIf we believe that people are evil, we may react Io them (4) . (4) _When we believe they do (5) , from a good intention, (5) _then we begin to understand them better.3. seek only obtaining a result, a decision, a change, not to (6) . (6) _ Losing is the (7) . (7) _Therefore. it c
3、annot be good or bad, its where we start off from.4. believe there is no failure or success, only (8) . (8) _The Effective person obtain feedback not failure or success.5. act with integrity and honesty. And sometimes telling the truth is (9) , (9) _as when this causes great upset in the other perso
4、n for no good reason.By putting aside our childish definitions, we can understand and live (10) . and reap all the benefits. (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).According to the interview, which of the following
5、 statements is TRUE about Sam?A He has rushed out to get the crib. B He is going to have a baby soon.C He is not good at family budget. D He doesnt plan properly for his life.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When it, comes to nursing articles, Sam suggests that parents shouldA go to a Costco. B buy in large qua
6、ntity.C ask for others favor. D buy second-hand items.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Sometimes parents buy the best thing in all the labels because it is aboutA price. B quality.C status. D safety.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).If parents want to know how they spend the money, they shouldA figure out where the money go
7、es. B take a piece of paper with them.C budget for a baby every day. D note down every expense.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the interviewee, parents can do all of the following to save money EXCEPTA swaping clothes with other parents. B buying clothes in discount stores.C buying fancy newborn e
8、quipment. D going on eBay to buy nursing articles.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)（分数：2.00）(1).What did the government intend to do in the beginning?A To greatly restrict public smoking. B To ban smoking in all public places.C To supervise smoking in some bars. D To ban public smoking in
9、England.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The staff who work in public places would favor the ban becauseA they dont have to inhale foul air. B they dont have to serve smokers.C they will get more tips from non-smokers. D there will be a rise on their salaries.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).The likely cause of th
10、e plane crash wasA. terrorist attack. B. foul play.C. stormy weather. D. not mentioned.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. No survivors have been found so far.B. The plane was on fire before crash.C. Most of the passengers were Lebanese.D. The Frances ambassador wa
11、s on board.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.A lower time limit for abortion was preferred by some specialists _.A. because 98% abortions were carried out before 20 weeksB. because pregnancy can be diagnosed earlier than beforeC. because survival rates among premature babies have improvedD. because the fetal abnor
12、malities can be diagnosed earlier than before（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those
13、 who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays -not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing somethi
14、ng about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for
15、environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the
16、difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead
17、 the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective make the objective decisions. We must express our
18、 views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environme
19、nt and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars
20、truly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _.A. they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB. they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interes
21、tsC. time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD. it is difficult for them to take effective measures（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _.A. to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.
22、to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC. to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD. to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word tunnel-versioned (Line 2, Para.4) most probably means _.A. narrow-
23、mindedB. blind to the factsC. short-sightedD. able to see only one aspect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?A. Legislation and government intervention.B. The industrys understanding and support.
24、C. The efforts of environmental health professionals.D. The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, why destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur?A. inevitable phenomenon of
25、social developingB. few people are aware of itC. the tax exerted on manufacturer is too heavyD. difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on the people who caused the problem（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The Food and Drug Administration said Wednesday that it is trying to track down as m
26、any as 386 piglets that may have been genetically engineered and wrongfully sold into the U.S. food supply.The focus of the FDA investigation is pigs raised by researchers at the University of Illinois in Urbana Champaign. They engineered the animals with two genes: One is a cow gene that increases
27、milk production in the sow. The other, a synthetic gene, makes the milk easier for piglets to digest. The goal was to raise bigger pigs faster.There has been no evidence that either genetically altered plants or animals actually trigger human illness, but critics warn that potential side effects rem
28、ain unknown. University officials say their tests showed the piglets were not born with the altered genes, but FDA rules require even the offspring of genetically engineered animals to be destroyed so they don t get into the food supply.The FDA, in a quickly arranged news conference Wednesday prompt
29、ed by inquiries by USA TODAY, said the University of Illinois will face possible sanctions and fines for selling the piglets to a livestock broker, who in turn sells to processing plants.Both the FDA and the university say the pigs that entered the market do not pose a risk to consumers. But the inv
30、estigation follows action by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in December to fine a Texas company that contaminated 500,000 bushels of soybeans with com that had been genetically altered to produce a vaccine for pigs.Critics see such cases as evidence of the need for more government oversight of a
31、 burgeoning area of scientific research. “This is a small incident, but its incident like this that could destroy consumer confidence and export confidence,“ says Stephanie Childs of the Grocery Manufacturers of America. “We already have Europe shaky on biotech. The countries to whom we export are g
32、oing to look at this.“The University of Illinois says it tested the DNA of every piglet eight times to make sure that the animal hadnt inherited the genetic engineering of its mother. Those piglets that did were put back into the study. Those that didn t were sold to the pig broker. “Any pig who s t
33、ested negative for the genes since 1999 has been sent off to market,“ says Charles Zukoski, vice chancellor for research.But FDA deputy commissioner Lester Crawford says that under the terms of the universitys agreement with the FDA, the researchers were forbidden to remove the piglets without FDA a
34、pproval. “The University of Illinois failed to check with FDA to see whether or not the animals could be sold on the open market. And they were not to he used under any circumstance for food.“The FDA is responsible for regulating and overseeing transgenic animals because such genetic manipulation is
35、 considered an unapproved animal drug.（分数：5.00）(1).The 386 piglets wrongfully sold into food supply are from _ .A. Europe B. an American research organizationC. a meat processing plant D. an animal farm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The purpose of the transgenic engineering research is to _ .A. get pigs of la
36、rger size in a shorter time B. make sows produce more milkC. make cows produce more milk D. make pigs grow more lean meat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The 4th paragraph shows that the University of Illinois _ .A. was criticized by the FDAB. is in great troubleC. IS required by the FDA to call back the sold p
37、igletsD. may have to pay the penalty（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The FDA declares that the wrongfully sold piglets _ .A. may have side effects on consumers B. may be harmful to consumersC. are safe to consumers D. may cause human illness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from this passage that _ .A. al
38、l the offspring have their mothers genetic engineeringB. part of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineeringC. none of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineeringD. half of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineering（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：3.00)The year which pr
39、eceded my fathers death made great change in my life. I had been living in New Jersey, working in defense plants, working and living among southerners, white and black. I knew about the south, of course, and about how southerners treated Negroes and how they expected them m behave, but it had never
40、entered my mind that anyone would look at me and expect me to behave that way. I learned in New Jersey that to be a Negro meant, precisely, that one was never looked at but was simply at the mercy of the reflexes the color of ones skin caused in other people. I acted in New Jersey as I had always ac
41、ted, that is-as though I thought a great deal of myself-I had to act that way-with results that were, simply, unbelievable. I had scarcely arrived before I had earned the enmity, which was extraordinarily ingenious, of all my superiors and nearly all my co-workers. In the beginning, to make matters
42、worse, I simply did not know what was happening. I did not know what had done, and I shortly began to wonder what anyone could possibly do, to bring about such unanimous, active, and unbearably vocal hostility. I knew about Jim-crow but I had never experienced it. I went to the same self-service res
43、taurant three times and stood with all the Princeton boys before the counter, waiting for a hamburger and coffee. It was always an extraordinarily long time before anything was set before me: I had simply picked something up. Negroes were not served there, I was told, and they had been waiting for m
44、e to realize that I was always the only Negro present. Once I was told this, I determined to go there all the time. But now they were ready for me and, thought some dreadful scenes were subsequently enacted in that restaurant, I never ate there again.It was same story all over New Jersey, in bars, b
45、owling alleys, diners, and places to live. I was always being forced to leave, silently, or with mutual imprecations. I very shortly became notorious and children giggled behind me when I passed and their elders whispered or shouted-they really believed that I was mad. And it did begin to work on my
46、 mind, of course.I began to be afraid to go anywhere and to compensate for this I went places to which I really should not have gone and where, God knows, I had no desire to be. My reputation in town naturally enhanced my reputation at work and my working day became one long series of acrobatics des
47、igned to keep me out of trouble. I cannot say that these acrobatics night, with but one aim: to eject me. I was fired once, and contrived, with the aid of a friend from New York, to get back on the payroll; was fired again, and bounced back again. It took a while to fire me for the third time, but t
48、he third time took me. There were no loopholes anywhere. There was not even any way of getting back inside the gates.That year in New Jersey lives in my mind as though it were the year during which, having an unsuspected predilection for it, I first contracted some dread, chronic disease, the unfailing symptom of which is a kind of blind fever, a pounding in the skull and fire in the bowels. Once this disease is contracted, one can never be really carefree again, for the fever, without an instants warning, can recur at any moment. It can wrec
