1、专业八级-1018 及答案解析(总分：109.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How Do the Movies Do It?Have you ever seen movies in which a building was burned down ora bridge was destroyed? Have you seen films in which a train crashed ora ship sank into the ocean? If so, you may
2、 have wondered how thesethings could happen without (1) _ the people in the film. 1._The man who knows the answer is the “special-effects“ man. Hemay be ordered to (2)_any kind of special effect, from a flood 2._or a battlefield explosion to an effect much less exciting in a film.For instance, in a
3、scene there was a big glass bowl filled with waterin which small fish were swimming. The (3) _ of the movie 3._wanted the fish to stop swimming suddenly while seemed to stare at anactor, and then to stop (4) _ and swim away. But fish cant be 4._ordered to do anything. The special-effects man solved
4、this problem by(5) _ the fish with a harmless use of electricity. First he applied 5._electricity to the fish bowl causing the fish to be absolutely still.Then he rapidly (6) _ the amount of electricity allowing the fish 6._to swim away. Thus the humorous effect was achieved.When explosives are used
5、, as in battlefield scenes, special-effectsmen usually receive extra pay, for there is (7)_, and sometimes 7._there are accidents. For a large battlefield scene the special-effectsman talks with the director, (8) _ the area and plans the effects 8._several days before the filming is to begin. He the
6、n places his explosives.In general, being a special-effect man requires (9) _, 9._skill and experience. It also adds a great deal to the expense of producing the film. It helps explain why so many movies are very(10) _ to make. 10._（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
7、项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Samantha Heller, people tend to eat milk chocolate becauseA. it is less bitter than dark chocolate. B. it is more healthy than dark chocolate.C. it has special flavor with many nutrients. D. it is less expensive than dark chocolate.（分数：1.00）A.B.
8、C.D.(2).Samantha Heller suggests that to get benefits from chocolate, you mayA. take nutrients out of chocolate. B. make cocoa powder on your own.C. make hot chocolate by yourself. D. consult an expert on chocolate,（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the interview, chemicals contained in green tea act
9、ually helpA. refresh ones memory. B. combat some diseases.C. revive ones spirits. D. improve ones physique.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Ginger can be used to deal with all of the following diseases or symptoms EXCEPTA. arthritis. B. morning sickness.C. nausea. D. flu.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Samant
10、ha Heller, people should eat a product from other animalsA. every two days. B. every other day.C. together with fruits. D. in small amounts.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).The news is mainly about _.A. the moon is a big sand trapB. water may be plentiful in the interior of the moonC.
11、collision made the moon so hotD. scientists can identify elements present in the moon（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why didnt man find a trace of water in moon rocks?A. Because there is no water in the moon.B. Because the moon is a big sand trap.C. Because the rocks that were brought to the earth is dry.D. Be
12、cause volatile elements in water have burned away.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).According to Magdalena Alvarez, at least_survivors died hours after the accident.A. 19 B. 26 C. 6 D. 153（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements about the crash is TRUE?A. The number.of casualties was 153 on Wednesd
13、ay.B. There accident killed 172 passengers on board.C. The crash took place when the plane was landing.D. The crash was caused probably by the engine fire.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.Which of the following is NOT a consequence if temperature rises by 4 degrees?A. Some areas will experience an increase of mor
14、e than 4 degrees in temperature.B. There will be less precipitation globally.C. More animals will be on the verge of extinction.D. Some areas will be flooded.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Web Du Bois was born a free man in his small village of Great Barin
15、gton, Massachusetts, three years after the Civil War. For generations, the Du Bois family had been an accepted part of the community since before his great-grandfather had fought in the American Revolution.Early on, Du Bois was given an awareness of his African-heritage, through the ancient songs hi
16、s grandmother taught him. This awareness set him apart from his New England community, with an ancestry shrouded in mystery, in sharp contrast to the precisely accounted history of the Western world. This difference would be the foundation for his desire to change the way African-Americans co-existe
17、d in America.As a student, Du Bois was considered something of a prodigy who excelled beyond the capabilities of his white peers. He found work as a correspondent for New York newspapers, and slowly began to realize the inhibitions of social boundaries he was expected to observe every step of the wa
18、y. When racism tried to take his pride and dignity, he became more determined to make sure society recognized his achievements.Clearly, Du Bois showed great promise, and although he dreamt of attending Harvard, some influential members Of his community arranged for his education at Fisk University i
19、n Nashville. His experiences at Fisk changed his life, and he discovered his fate as a leader of the black struggle to free his people from oppression. At Fisk, Du Bois became acquainted with many sons and daughters of former slaves, who felt the pain of oppression and shared his sense of cultural a
20、nd spiritual tradition. In the South, he saw his people being driven to a status of little difference from slavery, and saw them terrorized at the polls. He taught school during the summers in the eastern portion of Tennessee, and saw the suffering firsthand. He then resolved to dedicate his life to
21、 fighting the terrible racial oppression that held the black people down, both economically and politically.Du Boiss determination was rewarded with a scholarship to Harvard, where he began the first scientific sociological studies in the United States. He felt that through science, he could dispel
22、the irrational prejudices and ignorance that prevented racial equality. He went on to create great advancements in the study of race relations, but oppression continued with segregation laws, lynching, and terror tactics on the rise. Du Bois then formed the Niagara Movement, and in 1909, was a vital
23、 part in establishing the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He was also the editor of the NAACP magazine The Crisis from 1910 to 1934. In this stage of his life, he encouraged direct assaults on the legal, political, and economic system, which he felt blossomed out of the e
24、xploitation of the poor and powerless black community.He became the most important black protest leader of the first half of the 20th century. His views clashed with Booker T. Washington, who felt that the black people of America had to simply accept discrimination, and hope to eventually earn respe
25、ct and equality through hard work and success. Du Bois wrote The Souls of Black Folk in 1903, criticizing Booker, claiming that his ideas would lead to a perpetuation of oppression instead of freeing the black people from it. Du Boiss criticism lead to a branching out of the black civil rights movem
26、ent, Booker% conservative followers, and a radical following of his critics.Du Bois had established the Black .Nationalism that was the inspiration for all black empowerment throughout the civil rights movement, but had begun during the progressive era. Although the movement that germinated from his
27、 ideas may have taken on a more violent form, Web Du Bois felt strongly that every human being could shape their own destinies with determination and hard work. He inspired hope by declaring that progress would come with the success of the small struggles for a better life.（分数：4.00）(1).Du Boiss fami
28、ly was respected in the village because _.A. the Civil War had eliminated racial discrimination in the U. S.B. his grandmother could recite the history of the western worldC. Du Bois was considered something of a prodigy and very promisingD. his great-grandfather had fought in the American war of in
29、dependence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).He first became aware of a racial disparity because of _.A. the vagueness of his African ancestryB. the unfair treatment of him at schoolC. the miserable sufferings of the slavesD. the inhibitions haunting his parents（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It was in _ that he decided to
30、dedicate his life to the struggle against racial oppression.A. Harvard B. BaringtonC. Fisk D. Washington（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Du Bois differs from Booker politically in that he _.A. believed hard work and success were the only way to win respectB. rejected the idea of tentative tolerance of racial di
31、scriminationC. encouraged organized violence as part of the struggle for equalityD. took it as his ultimate goal to build an independent nation of blacks（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)1 There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways
32、 may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.2 In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, t
33、ransactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction
34、of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.3 An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how mu
35、ch of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different
36、households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.4 In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every persons place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion,
37、 and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is
38、 made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems.B. To explain the science of economics.C. To argue for the superiority of one economic s
39、ystem.D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the second paragraph, the word “real“ in “real goods“ could best be replaced by _.A. high quality B. concrete C. utter D. authentic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to _.A. rapid spee
40、d of transaction B. inflationC. misunderstandings D. difficulties for the traders（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, _ has the greatest degree of control in an administered system.A. individual households B. major corporationsC. small businesses D. the government（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which
41、 of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a persons place in a traditional society?A. Family background. B. Religious beliefs.C. Age. D. Custom.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：8.00)It is said that George Washington was one of the first to realize how importan
42、t the building of canals would be to the nations development. In fact, before he became President, he headed the first company in the United States to build a canal which was to connect the Ohio and Potomac rivers. It was never completed, but it showed the nation the feasibility of canals. As the co
43、untry expanded westward, settlers in western New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio needed a means to ship goods. Canals linking natural waterways seemed to offer an effective solution.In 1791 engineers commissioned by the state of New York investigated the possibility of a canal between Albany on the Hud
44、son River and Buffalo on Lake Erie, which would link the Great Lakes area with the Atlantic seacoast. It would avoid the mountains that served as a barrier to canals from the Delaware and Potomac rivers.The first attempt to dig the canal, to be called the Erie Canal, was made by private companies, b
45、ut only a comparatively small portion was built before the project was halted for lack of funds. The cost of the project was an estimated five million dollars, an enormous amount for those days. There was some on-again-off-again Federal funding, but the War of 1812 put an end to this. In 1817 DeWitt
46、 Clinton was elected Governor of New York and persuaded the state to finance and build the canal. It was completed in 1825, costing two million dollars more than expected.The canal rapidly lived up to its sponsors faith, quickly paying for itself through tolls. It was far more economical than any ot
47、her form of transportation at the time. It permitted trade between the Great Lake region and East Coast, robbing the Mississippi River of much of its traffic. It allowed New York to supplant Boston, Philadelphia, and other Eastern cities as the chief center of both domestic and foreign commerce. Cit
48、ies sprang up along the canal. It also contributed in a number of ways to the Norths victory over the South in the Civil War.An expansion of the canal was planned in 1849. Increased traffic would undoubtedly have warranted its construction had it not been for the development of the railroads.（分数：3.00）(1).Wiry does the author most likely mention George Washington in the first paragraph?A. He was President at the time the Erie Canal was built.B. He was involved in pioneering efforts to build canals.C. He successfully opened the first canal in the United States.D
