1、专业八级-1013 及答案解析(总分：97.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A Career in AccountingAs a field of study and work, accounting is expandingthroughout the world. A job in accounting promises good(1) _ and excellent promotion opportunities, yet suffers (1) _only sligh
2、tly from changes in business cycles or from(2) _ variations in employment. (2) _Bookkeeping is a starting point for a career in privateaccounting. It is essential for an (3) _. The financial (3) _records of an organizations are the (4) _ on which (4) _accounting is based.One can attend business or c
3、ommercial schools to learnthe (5) _ of accounting practices, which include typing, (5) _shorthand, bookkeeping and, more recently, accounting andcomputer programming. As the principles and (6) _ of (6) _accounting have grown more complex, the training now lasts(7) _ years. (7) _There are some altern
4、atives to commercial schools such ashome-study or (8) _ schools. Whats more, education in (8) _accounting has become a (9) _ function of the (9) _universities, incorporating business administration, businesslaw, etc.To sum up, there are two paths towards a career inaccounting. One is through employm
5、ent and the other through(10) _ examinations. (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following is TRUE about the safety of putting photos online?A. Do not copy or paste pictures to your website.B. Sanitizing yo
6、ur photos online guarantees their safety.C. Compared with emails, websites are safer to share photos.D. Even your friends may use your photos for a bad purpose.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What should be taken into account when deciding the way of supervision over the child?A. The childs academic performanc
7、e. B. The childs character and personality.C. The childs computer skills. D. The childs willingness to communicate.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What should the children do to ensure the possession of their sites?A. Frequently change their passwords of online accounts.B. Put their photos online frequently an
8、d randomly.C. Guarantee the decency of language on their sites.D. Use their read full name for their online account.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To monitor their childrens online behavior, parents should NOTA. keep updated with current internet applications.B. split the bill with their children for going on
9、line.C. get the password of their childs online account.D. ask their kids to watch the language on their sites.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).As children grow up, their online photos and webpages may be viewed by authority from the fields ofA. academic and professional. B. military and supervisory.C. health-c
10、are and educational. D. political and economic.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).What is the main idea of the news item?A. Somalia is re-infected with polio virus. B. Somalia has successfully eradicated polio.C. Somalia suffers from indigenous polio. D. Polio still persists in developin
11、g countries.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the WHO, what does the success that Somalia has achieved show?A. Polio can be re-infected with virus originating from other countries.B. Polio can be eventually wiped out however persistent it may seem.C. Polio can be eradicated from areas where no centr
12、al government functions.D. Polio can be eliminated from developing countries where it persists.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.On hearing Yamanis firing, oil traders in New York wereA. annoyed. B. ecstatic.C. surprised. D. gloomy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the curr
13、ent decline in the Mexican economy?A. Fewer job opportunities in Mexico. B. Strong ties with the U.S. economy.C. Decline in tourism. D. Decline in tax revenues.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due toA. declining oil production. B. the outbreak of the H1N1 flu.C. the dec
14、lining GDP in Mexico. D. the economic downturn in the U. S.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child bad made no real economic contribution to the f
15、amily, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,000.The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viv
16、iana Zelizers excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful“ child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless“ child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely
17、costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless.“ Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid- 1800s. this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulati
18、ons and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo.FoHr Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth
19、and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the cash nexus, .
20、although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,“ Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process of sacralization“ of childrens lives.“ Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century
21、middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.In stressing the cultural determinants of a childs worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “sociological economics,“ wh
22、o have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences,“ these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed prim
23、arily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their “exchange“ or “surrender“ value on th
24、e market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.（分数：5.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the_.A. earnings of the person at time of d
25、eathB. wealth of the party causing the deathC. degree of guilt of the party causing the deathD. amount of suffering endured by the family of the person killed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800s children were generally regarded by their families as individ
26、uals who_.A. needed enormous amounts of security and affectionB. required constant supervision while workingC. were important to the economic well-being of a familyD. were financial burdens assumed for the good of society（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following alternative explanations of the cha
27、nge in the cash value of children would most likely come from sociological economists?A. Parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children.B. Childrens expected earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.C. Compulsory education laws reduced the su
28、pply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor.D. Changes in the law made available of indemnity for damages in accidental-death cases.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements of American families in 19th century can be inferred from the passage?A. Family members became more
29、 economically dependent on each other.B. The percentage of families involved in industrial work declined dramatically.C. Family members became more emotionally bonded to one another.D. Family members spent an increasing amount of time working with each other.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Zelizer refers to al
30、l of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of childrens worth EXCEPT changes inA. the nature of industry B. the nature of the familyC. attitudes toward reform movements D. attitudes toward the marketplace（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)It is the news that all sloth
31、s have been waiting for. Scientists in Germany have found that too much exercise is bad for you and that doing less could lengthen your life.In a new book called The Joy of Laziness: How to Slow Down and Live Longer, Dr. Peter Axt, retired professor of health science at Fulda University near Frankfu
32、rt, and his daughter, Dr. Michaela Axt-Gadermann, a GP, say that everybody has a limited amount of “life energy“ and that the speed with which it is consumed determines their life span.They argue that high-energy activities, such as pounding the treadmill at the gym, accelerates the aging process an
33、d makes the body more susceptible to illness. “A more relaxed way of life is important for your health,“said Dr. Axt-Gadermann. “If you lead a stressful life and exercise excessively, your body produces hormones which lead to high blood pressure and can damage your heart and arteries.“Dr. Axt-Gaderm
34、ann said that one key difference between the lazy and those who exercise was that the more active body produces. more “free radicals“-unstable oxygen molecules that are believed to speed the aging process. She added: “Laziness is also important for a healthy immune system because special immune-cell
35、s are stronger in times of relaxation than stress. During relaxation or down time, your metabolism is less active, which means the body produces fewer free radicals.“If you do a lot of sport or are permanently stressed, then your body will produce more free radicals and that is one reason why your l
36、ife could be shortened.“ Dr. Axt-Gadermann and her father also say that laughing is healthier than running. “When you laugh, your body produces the hormone serotonin which makes you feel happy and relaxed, “ said Dr. Axt-Gadermann. “The heartbeat races and blood pressure is raised for a short while,
37、 without activating your metabolism and producing the free radicals which spend your life energy. Basically, laughing is a good training session without the negative side-effects.“To illustrate the theory that laziness equals longevity, The Joy of Laziness also suggests that early risers are more pr
38、one to stress and that late sleepers live longer because they conserve their energy. “People who would rather laze in a hammock instead of running a marathon, or who take a nap instead of playing squash, have a better chance of living into old age.“The Joy of Laziness, which is published soon, will
39、be essential reading for Dan Kieran, the 29-year-old deputy editor of The Idler, a literary magazine. “This book definitely makes sense to me, “ said Mr. Kieran. “I spend one day a week in the office and the rest of my time involved in a tot of relaxation. Having the right amount of laziness in your
40、 life is a vital component to being happy. We live in a culture of guilt, where laziness is scorned. However, I firmly believe that we do not need to do half as much exercise as people think and it is very important to just lie clown and do nothing sometimes, “ he said.The medical establishment, how
41、ever, is skeptical. Dr. Vivienne Nathanson, the head of science and ethics at the British Medical Association, said that moderate exercise should not be set aside in favour of lazing around. “It is a very tempting theory as so often, many of us feel that we cannot be bothered with exercise, “ she sa
42、id. “However, I would not agree that people have a set amount of expendable energy during a lifetime and that exercise is bad for you. In fact, done sensibly, exercise lowers the blood pressure, improves your metabolic state and can improve health and contribute to a longer life. “Dr. Graham Archard
43、, the vice chairman of the Royal College of General Practitioners, said: “I can understand why the book might sell well as it is always nice to be told that you can sit on your backside and do nothing./（分数：6.00）(1).The word “sloths“ in the first paragraph probably meansA. ordinary people. B. lazy bo
44、nes. C. lazy habits. D. retired professors.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Dr. Peter Axt and her daughter agree with all the following EXCEPTA. fewer free radicals may slow down ones metabolism.B. high energy activities may cause more diseases.C. too much exercise may impair ones organs.D. the feeling of stres
45、s may weaken ones immunity.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Laughing has positive effects on peoples health becauseA. it can produce more hormones. B. it can accelerate their pulse.C. it can raise their blood pressure. D. it can help them relax.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When the book reviewer discusses the book The
46、Joy of Laziness, he isA. biased. B. equivocal. C. impartial. D. dogmatic.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT implied by Dan Kieran?A. Laziness should be highly extolled.B. Laziness is generally considered bad.C. The importance of exercise is often overestimated.D. People should learn
47、to put their feet up.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Opponents hold that the bookA. is a latest best seller. B. clicks with young people.C. caters to peoples psychological needs. D. might damage peoples lives.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)1 The Earth might have been sent into an ice age by the break-
48、up of a supercontinent 750 million years ago, creating a global snowball.2 The break-up probably caused an increase in rainfall and weathering of rock, say climatologists. This would have sucked greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere and caused a run-away cooling effect. The mechanism could explain how the entire planet becomes encased in a mass of ice, as many researchers think it has done in the past.3 The theory that the Earth was once completely frozen emerged in the 1960s, when scientists realized that global freezing could happen if the polar ice sheets grew above a certai
