1、专业八级-947 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Chemistry plays an important part in our life. The (1) _ of a clock, (1) _.the clothes we wear, and our leather shoes are all made (2) _. (2) _.the water we drink is chemically purified. The glass and (
2、3) _ of the mirror, (3) _.the manufacturing of light bulbs, the paint and plaster on our walls require chemistry. The cooking, digestion and assimilation of the food are all chemical (4) _ (4) _.The construction of an automobile may require many kinds of chemically made (5) _ (5) _.Chemistry and its
3、 (6) _ have helped us to live longer. (6) _.The science of medicine also (7) _ heavily upon chemistry. (7) _.And with (8) _ and antiseptics, surgery is no longer crude and limited. (8) _.Our increasing knowledge of the chemical (9) _ that take place in the human body results in great strides in mode
4、rn medicine. (9) _.Fortunately, most of us do not need a profound knowledge of chemistry, but some understanding of chemistry should be a part of the (10) _ of every educated person. (10) _.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Ques
5、tions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the conversation you will be give 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Which word is not used by Norberg-Hodge to describe the Ladakhi people?（分数：1.00）A.openB.happyC.self-protectedD.hu
6、mble(2).Why was the Ladakhi culture damaged?（分数：1.00）A.Because India and China fought thereB.Because it becomes dependent on the importC.Because the Indian government regarded this region as the front in warD.Because the developing ways introduced are against the realities there(3).As far as tourism
7、 concerned, local people.（分数：1.00）A.think their culture is being destroyedB.feel it is a pity to lose the paradiseC.have different ideas from the foreignersD.are fully aware of the consequences(4).Ladakhi people think that the Westerns _.（分数：1.00）A.are not richB.need not to workC.are unintelligentD.
8、have the same lives as those of them(5).Ladakhi people usually _.（分数：1.00）A.have few interests in the information provided by Norberg-HodgeB.can understand the informationC.feel ashamed of their backwardness after knowing about the outside worldD.know how the outside world is四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.0
9、0)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：3.00）(1).How could the researchers explore the mummy now?（分数：1.00）A.separate itB.use 3-D techC.put something in itD.remov
10、e something from it(2).How can we get 3-D images?（分数：1.00）A.use CAT and SGIB.use photographC.use medicineD.use software(3).With more study, we could identify.（分数：1.00）A.objects within the wrappingsB.Nesperennubs ageC.his faceD.A, B and CQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end
11、of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The reasons why the church wanted to burn Harry Potter books didnt include that _.（分数：1.00）A.it believed that the books were an abhorrence to GodB.it believed that the books w
12、ould weaken the communication with GodC.it believed that the existence of God had been confused by the bookD.it believed that the books would ruin the lifves of many young people(2).Which statement is not true?（分数：1.00）A.The stories of Harry Potter are criticized in some other cities in U.S except N
13、ew MexiconB.Young people are fascinated with Harry PotterC.Christian churches hate Harry PotterD.Pastor Jack Brock planned to burn the Harry Potter books on Sunday五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I cry easily. I once burst into tears when the curtain came down on the Kirov B
14、allets “Swan Lake“. I still choke up every time I see a film of Roger Bannister breaking the “impossible“ four-minute mark for the mile. I figure I am moved by witnessing men and women at their best. But they need not be great men and women, doing great things.Take the night, some years ago, when my
15、 wife and I were going to dinner at a friends house in New York city. It was sleeting. As we hurried toward the house, with its welcoming light, I noticed a car pulling out from the curb. Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking space - a rare commodity in crowded Manhattan. But
16、before he could do so another car came up from behind, and sneaked into the spot. “Thats dirty pool.“ I thought.While my wife went ahead into our friends house. I stepped into the street to give the guilty driver a piece of my mind. A man in work clothes rolled down the window.“Hey,“ I said, “this p
17、arking space belongs to that guy,“ I gestured toward the man ahead, who was looking back angrily. I thought I was being a good Samaritan, I guess - and I remember that the moment I was feeling pretty manly in my new trench coat. “Mind your own business!“ the driver told me.“No,“ I said. “You dont un
18、derstand. That fellow was waiting to back into this space.“Things quickly heated up, until finally he leaped out of the car. My God, he was colossal. He grabbed me and bent me back over the hood of his car as if I was a rag doll. The sleet stung my face. I glanced at the other driver, looking for he
19、lp, but he gunned his engine and hightailed it out of there.The huge man shook his rock of a fist of me, brushing my lip and cutting the inside of my mouth against my teeth. I tasted blood. I was terrified. He snarled and threatened, and then told me to beat it.Almost in a panic, I scrambled to my f
20、riends front door. As a former Marine, as a man, I felt utterly humiliated. Seeing that I was shaken, my wife and friends asked me what had happened. All I could bring myself to say was that I had had an argument about a parking space. They had the sensitivity to let it go at that.I sat stunned. Per
21、haps half an hour later, the doorbell rang. My blood ran cold. For some reason I was sure that the bruiser had returned for me. My hostess got up to answer it, but I stopped her. I felt morally bound to answer it myself.I walked down the hallway with dread. Yet I knew I had to face up to my fear. I
22、opened the door. There he stood, towering. Behind him, the sleet came down harder than ever.“I came back to apologize,“ he said in a low voice. “When I got home, I said to myself,“ what right I have to do that?“ Im ashamed of myself. All I can tell you is that the Brooklyn Navy Yard is closing. Ive
23、worked there for years. And today I got laid off. Im not myself. I hope youll accept my apology.“I often remember that big man. I think of the effort and courage it took for him to come back to apologize. He was man at last.And I remember that after I closed the door, my eyes blurred, as I stood in
24、the hallway for a few moments alone.（分数：5.00）(1).From the passage, we can infer that the author is what kind of person?（分数：1.00）A.poorB.sensitiveC.excitingD.dull(2).On what occasion is the author likely to be moved?（分数：1.00）A.A young person cheated of the best firings in life.B.A genius athlete brea
25、ks a world record.C.A little girl suffers from an incurable disease.D.When the curtain comes down on a touching play.(3).What does “dirty pool“ at the end of the second paragraph mean?（分数：1.00）A.Improper deedsB.BriberyC.ChicaneryD.Dirty transaction(4).Why didnt the writers wife and friends ask him w
26、hat had happened?（分数：1.00）A.They sensed that something terrible happened, they didnt dare to ask.B.They were afraid that the writer might lose face if they asked.C.Theyd like to let it be for it was not their business.D.They tried to calm the writer in this way.(5).What touched the writer in the end
27、?（分数：1.00）A.The big mans courage to admit his mistake.B.The big mans sincerity and confession.C.The big mans wretched experience.D.The man at his best.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)People are moving to cities in droves. In 1950, two-thirds of the worlds population lived in the countryside. New York was the
28、n the only settlement with more than 10 million people. Today there are 20 such megacities, and more are on their way.Most of these megacities are in developing countries that are struggling to cope with both the speed and the scale of human migration. Estimates of the future spread of urbanization
29、are based on the observation that in Europe, and in North and South America, the urban share of the total population has stabilized at 75%-85%. If the rest of the world follows this path it is expected that in the next decade an extra 100 million people will join the cities of Africa, and 340 millio
30、n the cities of Asia: the equivalent of a new Bangkok every two months. By 2030 nearly two-thirds of the words population will be urban.In the long run, that is good news. If countries now industrializing follow the pattern of those that have already done so, their city-dwellers will be both more pr
31、osperous and healthier. Man is gregarious species, and the words“ urbane“ and “civilized“ both derive from the advantages of living in large settlements.History also shows, though, that the transition can be uncomfortable. The slums of Manchester were, in their time, just as awful as those of Nairob
32、i today. But people moved there for exactly the same reason: however nasty conditions seemed, the opportunities of urban life outstripped those of the countryside. The question is how best to handle the change.If there is one thing that everybody agrees on, it is that urbanization is unstoppable. Mi
33、grants attempting to escape poverty, and refugees escaping conflict, are piling into cities in what the executive director of UN-HABITAT, Anna, Tibailjuka, describes as “premature urbanization.“Dr Tibaijuka believes it might be possible to slow the pace of migration from the countryside with policie
34、s that enhance security and rural livelihoods. There is room for debate, though, over whether better rural development in any form can seriously slow the pace of urbanization- or even whether such a slowdown would be a good thing.Michael Mutter, an urban planning adviser at the British governments D
35、epartment for International Development (DFID), says that the relevant indicators suggest that in many countries the effective“ carrying capacity“ of rural areas has been reached. As happened in Europe in the 18th century, population growth and technological improvements to agriculture are creating
36、a surplus population. That surplus has to go somewhere to earn its living.Indeed, some people go so far so to argue that governments, international donors and aid agencies spend too much on rural development and neglect the cities. Most countries have a rural development policy, but only a few have
37、urban ones. DFID, for example, spends only 5% of its budget directly on urban development. Moreover, these critics point out that, although rural areas often have worse sanitation, illiteracy and homelessness than cities, such figures are deceptive. Being illiterate, homeless or without access to a
38、flush toilet are far more serious problems in a crowded city than in the countryside.Of the many lessons being learnt from past urban-development failures, one of the most important is that improvements must involve local people in a meaningful way. Even when it comes to the poorest slum-dwellers, s
39、ome governments and city authorities are realizing that people are their own greatest assets. Slumdwellers International is a collection of “grassroots“ federations of people living in slums. Its idea is simple. Slum-dwellers in a particular place get together and form a federation to strengthen loc
40、al savings and credit schemes, and to lobby for greater co-operation with the authorities. Such federations are having a big impact on slum-upgrading schemes around the world.By surveying local needs and acting as voices for slum-dwellers, these federations have been able to show the authorities tha
41、t slum-dwellers are not simply a homogenous and anonymous mass of urban poor, but are real people in need of real services. They have also been able to apply pressure for improvements in security of tenure-either through temporary guarantees of residency or, better still, formal ownership. Such secu
42、re tenure gives people an incentive to improve their dwellings and is thus the crucial first step to upgrading a slum into a suburb.Over the past six years, South Africas government has been pursuing an active programme of housing improvement. The government quickly realized that, with the poor in t
43、he majority, providing social housing for all would be impossible. The minister for housing, Sakie Mthembi-Mahanyele, says the approach that has worked so far has been a combination of government, the private sector and the poor themselves. The poor, says Mrs. Mthembi-Mahanyele, have responsibilitie
44、s, and the government meets them halfway. Those with an income are expected to contribute some of it to the building of their houses. Those without are asked to contribute“ sweat equity“ by helping to build with their own hands.South Africa has also transferred ownership of more than 380,000 council
45、 houses, worth more than 28 billion rand ($2.7 billion) to private individuals. With these houses as collateral for loans, owners have already started to upgrade and improve their properties. There is still a long way to go. An estimated 2-3 million more houses are needed. She adds that the governme
46、nt is still wrestling with financial institutions to get a better deal for the poor.（分数：4.00）(1).The passage is mainly concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.the side effects of urbanization.B.megacities in developing countries.C.the causes behind immigration to cities.D.ways to slow down the pace of immigrati
47、on.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that Nairobi is _.（分数：1.00）A.a megacity with slums.B.a palace of hunger and conflict.C.an industrialized city.D.a rural area with a surplus population.(3).Anna Tibaijuka (Par（分数：1.00）A.5) and Michael Mutter (para.7) seem to differ over _.A. the benefits of
48、urbanization.B. the process of urbanizationC. the causes of urbanization.D. the cost of urbanization.(4).According to the passage, some slumdwellers are not interested in improving their environments because they _.（分数：1.00）A.are unsure of their residency.B.dislike urbanization.C.are used to the president environment.D.are homogeneous and anonymous.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)If you have ever dreamed of slipping into the comforting softness of a cashmere sweater you should follow the example of the habitual wearers and make sure that it has been knitted in the Sc
