1、专业八级-944 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Motivation for WordsMotivation deals with the connection betweenname and sense. Basically, there are three motivationsfor words:. Onomatopoeic motivationdefining theprinciple of motivation by (1) _. (1)
2、 _primary onomatopoeia: the (2) _ of sound (2) _by sound(3) _ onomatopoeia: association of (3) _sound with sensese. g. -ump suggests (4) _. (4) _. (5) _ motivationdefining motivation by (5) _mental association.It is closely connected with figures of speech:(6) _: containing an implied comparison (6)
3、 _metonymy: naming something by its attributessynecdoche: the (7) _ of a part for a (7) _whole or vice versa. Logical motivationdefining a concept bylogic.There are two (8) _ involved in giving a (8) _definition: the first is to identify the genus and thesecond is to (9) _ the item being defined fro
4、m (9) _other similar species in the same genus.There may be factors leading to loss of motivation.They are change in morphological structure and changein (10) _. (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based
5、 on an interview. At the end of the interview, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).According to Edward, in deciding the location of a house, people should consider all the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.the type of life they e
6、njoy.B.the price of the house.C.the distance between the house and the place of work.D.the school their children can attend.(2).Which of the following is an ideal place for quiet people to live in?（分数：1.00）A.The city.B.The downtown.C.Tile countryside.D.City suburbs.(3).According to the interview, wh
7、ich is the most common type of houses?（分数：1.00）A.Detached houses.B.Semi-detached houses.C.Town houses.D.Old houses.(4).What does Edward think of old houses compared to new ones?（分数：1.00）A.They are definitely cheaper.B.They are too old to live in.C.They may be cheaper but repairs and renovation cost
8、much.D.They need to be checked professionally from time to time.(5).What is Edwards attitude when talking about gardens attached to houses?（分数：1.00）A.Disapproval.B.Excitement.C.Uncertainty.D.Indifference.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the ne
9、ws item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What is NOT true about Nicodemus?（分数：1.00）A.It has now developed into a modern city.B.The first settlers there were all freed black slaves.C.It used to be a barren spot.D.It is part of the b
10、lack pioneer culture.(2).The first public building in Nicodemus was（分数：1.00）A.a small hotel.B.a schoolhouse.C.a hut.D.two churches.1.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.Which of the followi
11、ng statements is correct?（分数：1.00）A.The Maryland State Fair is held annually.B.The Maryland State Fair is held by farmers.C.The fair as we know it has a long history of hundreds of years.D.Fairs were originated a hundred years ago.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the
12、 news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Health experts meet in Geneva to（分数：1.00）A.draw a map of affected area.B.make a plan for fighting against bird flu.C.make a combat.D.find ways to prevent human flu.(2).Director Klaus Stoh
13、r predicts that about _ people would be put into hospital for medical treatment.（分数：1.00）A.3 millionB.7 millionC.28 millionD.40 million五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A throng of bearded men, in sad-colored garments and gray steeple-crowned hats, intermixed with women, some
14、 wearing hoods and others bareheaded, was assembled in front of a wooden edifice, the door of which was heavily timbered with oak and studded with iron spikes.The founders of a new colony, whatever Utopia of human virtue and happiness they might originally project, have invariably recognized it amon
15、g their earliest practical necessities to allot a portion of the virgin soil as a cemetery, and another portion as the site of a prison. In accordance with this rule, it may safely be assumed that the forefathers of Boston had built the fast prison-house somewhere in the vicinity of Cornhill, almost
16、 as seasonably as they marked out the first burial-ground, on Isaac Johnsons lot, and round about his grave, which subsequently became the nucleus of all the congregated sepulchres in the old churchyard of Kings Chapel. Certain it is that, some fifteen or twenty years after the settlement of the tow
17、n, the wooden jail was already marked with weatherstains and other indications of age, which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front. The rust on the ponderous iron-work of its oaken door looked more antique than anything else in the New World. Like all that pertains to crime,
18、 it seemed, never to have known a youthful era. Before this ugly edifice, and between it and the wheel-track of the street, was a grassplot, much overgrown with burdock, pigweed, apple-peru, and such unsightly vegetation, winch evidently found something congenial in the soil that had so early borne
19、the black flower of civilized society a prison. But on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to t
20、he condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.This ruse-bush, by a strange chance, has been kept alive in history; but whether it had merely survived out of the stem old wilderness, so long after the fall of the gigantic pine
21、s and oaks that originally overshadowed it, or whether, as there is fair authority for believing, it had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson as she entered the prison-door, we shall not take upon us to determine. Finding it so directly on the threshold of our narrative, which
22、 is now about to issue from that inauspicious portal, we could hardly do otherwise than pluck one of its flowers and present it to the reader. It may serve, let us hope, to symbolize some sweet moral blossom that may be found along the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human frailty
23、 and sorrow.（分数：5.00）(1).The atmosphere of the story in the very beginning is _.（分数：1.00）A.joyousB.gloomyC.lightD.auspicious(2).The founders of a new colony found it necessary to build a _.（分数：1.00）A.parkB.marketC.houseD.jail(3).The prison-house mentioned in the second paragraph must be _.（分数：1.00）A
24、.of a long historyB.of new oneC.of delicate designD.of fashionable design(4).The rose-bush is a symbol of _.（分数：1.00）A.Natures inhumanityB.Mans inhumanityC.Natures sympathyD.Harshness of society(5).The story that the author is going to tell may be a story of _.（分数：1.00）A.sadnessB.happinessC.joyD.kin
25、dness七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students reading fluency, the current buzzword in reading instruction. The problem is that speed isnt the only element to fluency, educators said, Key elements are also accuracy and
26、 expressiveness.“The food was delectable“ is different from “the food was detestable,“ and Shakespeare should not sound like a chemistry textbook.It is a complicated process teaching students to recognize enough words and read at a consistent rate so they can spend their time concentrating on meanin
27、g rather than decoding, educators said. And when tackling a book such as “The Giver,“ one that deals with a boys discovery that his utopian world comes at the expense of the stifling of intellectual and emotional freedom, meaning is critical.“Fluent readers are readers who know how to dig into a boo
28、k and pull out just what they are looking forwhether it is information, a part with strong language, a part with good character development, or just a chance to read for fun,“ said Susan Marantz, a longtime teacher now at a suburban school in Columbus, Ohio.Yet u combination of politics, insufficien
29、t teacher development and an inherent difficulty in capturing all aspects of fluency have led to questionable instruction practices, according to Richard Allington, a reading researcher and University of Tennessee professor.Many students are asked by teachers to reread the same passages over and ove
30、roften with constant interruptions from the teacher. And some struggling readers are given booksincluding textbooksthat are above their reading level and soon become a source of frustration.“You can make any adult a disfluent reader by giving them books that are too hard and jump in and interrupt th
31、em a lot,“ Allington said. “What do you think it does to kids?“As a result, some kids are motivated to read only to beat a test clock, he and other researchers said.“The more important question to ask is: Are teachers focusing on all three parts of fluency?“ Beers, vice president-elect of the Nation
32、al Council of Teachers of English, wrote in an e-mail. “When fluency is only about building automaticity (and therefore speed), then some (teachers) do mistakenly believe that the point of reading is fast decoding. Thats no more the best measure of a skilled reader than fast driving is the best meas
33、ure of skilled driver.“The current interest in reading fluency illustrates the complexities in the long national argument about how best to teach reading, dubbed the “reading wars.“Advocates of phonics and literature-based instruction have been at odds for years, with the argument only intensifying
34、after a controversial 2000 report by the National Reading Panel. Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported, among other things, intensive drilling in phonics. Reading fluency also was one of the key areas for instruction, along with phonemic awareness and
35、phonics instruction, comprehension, teacher education and computer technology. President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First, a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece of his No Child Let Behind law.Although fluency had long been identified by experts as important
36、, it then became a hot issue.Reading researchers began devising programs to help teachers improve students fluency. And although there was no consensus definition of fluency, panels approving Reading First money accepted programs that used tools that stressed reading speed, according to some educato
37、rs. A report by the Department of Educations inspector general this month slammed the grant-approval processing, saying it was riddled with problems and conflicts of interest.The result, said fluency expert Tim Rasinski of Kent State University, was a massage strut to schools to concentrate on speed
38、. “The influence of No Child Left Behind has been such that even schools that arent Reading First schools are doing periodic (speed reading) testing of kids,“ he said.In Ottumwa, Iowa, Evans Middle School did it a different way. Evans was declared a school in need of improvement in reading in 2004,
39、and Principal Davis Eidahl said he adopted a program focused on reading fluency using a model constructed by Rasinski aimed at improving comprehension.Some students, he said, came into the school reading fast but understanding little.“They read so fast, with no punctuation and no expression that wed
40、 go back and ask comprehension questions and they werent very successful answering them.“ he said.To slow them down and teach them to talk with expression and comprehension, various exercises were used, including having children read passages to each other and listen to how they sound when reading,
41、asking students to repeat passages, and adding 45 more minutes of reading time each day, he said.Now, 71 percent of the kids am reading at grade level, up from 58 percent two years ago. What worked, Eidahl said, was addressing all aspects of fluency, maintaining consistency and most importantly, hav
42、ing a quality teacher.“It all comes down to the teacher,“ he said. “Its people, not programs./（分数：5.00）(1).In the second paragraph, the word “delectable“ is _ “detestable“.（分数：1.00）A.synonym withB.antonym withC.irrelevant toD.similar to(2).It can be inferred from tile passage that “Giver“ is a book
43、which _.（分数：1.00）A.contains many new and difficult wordsB.has many levels of meaningC.is easy to readD.is about a boys discovery(3).National Reading Panel focuses on _.（分数：1.00）A.accuracyB.speedC.comprehensionD.expressiveness(4).According to the author, “No Child Left Behind Law“ is _（分数：1.00）A.obje
44、ctive in setting its goalB.partial in its basisC.useful in addressing reading issuesD.improving the reading scores of the students(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the key element in improving the reading ability of children lies in _.（分数：1.00）A.No Child Left Behind LawB.ail kinds of expe
45、rimentsC.the students awareness of their shortcomingsD.the teachers guidance八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and m
46、iddle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for leaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.Every code of etiquette has
47、contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age.
48、 Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents presence without asking permission.Practical rules arc helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the f
