1、专业八级-898 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to an
2、swer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Jack met Cole with the purpose of_.（分数：1.00）A.enquiring about a degreeB.getting some information about a grantC.inquiring about the qualification for a degreeD.discussing the complexity of the grant system(2).Which of
3、 the following is NOT TRUE of the award according to Cole?（分数：1.00）A.The award is paid direct to a college.B.The award involves tuition and other course fees.C.The award is paid direct to local education authorities.D.The award includes a fee element and a maintenance element.(3).The following are t
4、rue of mandatory grants EXCEPT that_.（分数：1.00）A.mandatory grants are paid by local education authoritiesB.mandatory grants are only paid to students who are attending designated coursesC.mandatory grants are only paid to students who are attending non-designated coursesD.one has to satisfy some qual
5、ifying conditions if he wants to obtain mandatory grants(4).The following are the qualifications for a mandatory grant EXCEPT that_.（分数：1.00）A.one has been admitted to a designated courseB.one has been in Britain for three years before a course beginsC.one has attended a higher-education course for
6、two years with a grantD.one has to participate in some examinations which are highly competitive(5).When local education authorities decide how much a grant is, they will take the following factors into consideration EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.where one will be while studyingB.ones examination resultsC.addi
7、tional allowance one is able to getD.whether one lives with his parents or in a hall of residence四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, yon will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：3.00）(1).What perc
8、entage of Likud voted against the Prime Ministers plan?（分数：1.00）A.About 60 percent.B.About 40 percent.C.About 64 percent.D.75 percent.(2).How many Likud members took part in the referendum regarding Ariel Sharons unilateral disengagement plan?（分数：1.00）A.120,000.B.80,000.C.100,000.D.28,000.(3).What t
9、ook place on Sunday?（分数：1.00）A.Sharon declared that he would resign.B.An Israeli woman and her daughters were killed by Palestinian gunmenC.Some Likud members refused to cast ballots because of the killingD.Sharon said that he would hold the referendum again despite his failurQuestions 9 to 10 are b
10、ased on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Whats Kofi Annans attitude towards the criticism of U. N. s role in the Iraq oil-for-food program?（分数：1.00）A.Angry.B.Apologetic.C.Surprised.D.Indifferent.
11、(2).There is an allegation that_.（分数：1.00）A.Kojo Annan benefited illegally from oil-for-food programB.Kofi Annan was involved in some illegal activities in oil-for-food programC.U. N. was not active in the oil-for-food programD.U. N. did not monitor effectively what was imported into Iraq under the
12、program五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The colum
13、ns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, th
14、e Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defenc
15、e. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harves
16、t-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full o
17、f interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The fi
18、rst was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which co
19、uld acquire it. One could actually remain in ones own house and fire at ones neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous
20、prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for
21、Christian civilization was vastly enhanced,The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not onl
22、y were they driven hack (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would ha
23、ve minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt policy“ to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to m
24、ake roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pa
25、thans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.（分数：5.00）(1).The word debts in “very few d
26、ebts are left unpaid“ in the first paragraph means_.（分数：1.00）A.loansB.accountsC.killingsD.bargains(2).Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?（分数：1.00）A.Melting snows.B.Stretch of deserts.C.Steep hillsides.D.Fertile valleys.(3).According to the passage,
27、the Pathans welcomed_.（分数：1.00）A.the introduction of the rifleB.the Spread of British ruleC.the extension of luxuriesD.the spread of trade(4).Building roads by the British_.（分数：1.00）A.put an end to a whole series of quarrelsB.prevented the Pathans from earning on feudsC.lessened the subsidies paid t
28、o the PathansD.gave the Pathans a much quieter life(5).A suitable title for the passage would be_.（分数：1.00）A.Campaigning on the Indian frontierB.Why the Pathans resented the British ruleC.The popularity of rifles among the PathansD.The Pathans at war七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：3.00)“The US economy is rapidly
29、deteriorating,“ says Mr. Grannis. “The odds of a recession are now very high, perhaps by the end of the year.“ There are already some signs that important pillars are weakening. Consumer confidence has fallen for the past two months. The housing sector, which has been buoyant, is starting to sink. C
30、orporate profits are falling. Some analysts are especially concerned over the sharp fall of commodity prices. They believe it represents the threat of deflation, it could cause a global slowdown. “The Fed will have to act forcefully to arrest the deflationary forces,“ says Robert Lamorte, chairman o
31、f Behavioral Economics, a consulting firm in San Diego. But others counter that the central bank doesnt need to intervene. They argue the Fed should wait to see real data before acting. “The fundamentals are better than the stock market reflects“, says Peter Kretzmer, an economist at Nations-Banc Mo
32、ntgomery Security. Indeed, President Clinton tried to do his part to calm the market during his trip to Moscow, citing the strong job market and balanced budget. “We believe our fundamental economic policy is sound,“ he said. His comments echoed statements by Peter Rubin in Washington. Some numbers
33、do continue to reflect a strong economy. On Sep. 1, the Conference Board released its index of leading indicators. The index rose 0.4 percent, prompting the business organization to predict that the nations output should increase at a moderate pace for the rest of 1998. The group sees little risk of
34、 recession in the near term. But what has changed is the global economy. Japan and the rest of Asia are in recession. The woes are spreading to Latin America. “Im now convinced we are going to have a global economic recession, says Sung Won Sohn, chief economist at Norwest Corp, a Minneapolis-based
35、bank. But, he added, its not certain the US will slide into a period of negative growth. He rates the risk of recession at only 10 to 15 percent. “We will be responding to the world economic situation rather than leading it “he says. Still, Fed watchers dont think the central bank will act to try to
36、 save the world. “Its inconceivable the Fed could make much difference in Asia, Russia, or Latin America,“ says Lyle Gramley, a former Fed governor. After the last stock market crash, in 1987, the Federal Reserve acted quickly to provide liquidity to the markets and to lower interest rates. But the
37、economy is in better shape this time. The banking sector is stronger and the financial markets have been able to. respond to the enormous trading volume. “It is not the Feds job to manage the stock market,“ says Mr. Kretzmer. But the Fed will keep a close watch on Wall Street. If the market were to
38、shave another 1,500 points off the Dow by the end of September, “then the Fed would think about lowering interest rates,“ says Mr. Gramley. In his view, the Feds main concern will be the impact of a sliding market on consumer confidence. Since 40 percent of the nation has investments in the stock ma
39、rket, any prolonged slide might make individuals feel less wealthy. They would cut back on vacations and “splurge“ purchases. He expects the central bank to watch the next consumer confidence surveys and housing statistics closely.（分数：3.00）(1).What did President Clinton try to do during his trip to
40、Moscow?（分数：1.00）A.To pacify the market.B.To make a speech on American economy.C.To intervene.D.To cooperate with Russia to pursue sustainable development.(2).What is the Feds main concern according to Mr. Gramley?（分数：1.00）A.To provide liquidity to the market.B.To keep a close watch on Wall Street.C.
41、To observe the influence of a sliding market on consumer confidence and give a timely response.D.To prevent the stock market from sliding too muc(3).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Threat of Deflation in US.B.Economic Situation in US.C.Why US Economy
42、is slowing down.D.The Sign of Recession in US Economy.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)In an intact plant community, undisturbed by human intervention, the composition of a community is mainly a function of the climate and the type of soil. Today, such original communities are very rarethey are practically li
43、mited to national parks and reservations.Civilization has progressively transformed the conditions determining the composition of plant communities. For several thousand years vast areas of arable land have been hoed, ploughed, harrowed and grassland has been cut or grazed. During the last decades t
44、he use of chemical substances, such as fertilizers and most recently of weed killers (herbicides) has greatly influenced the composition of weed communities in farm land.All selective herbicides have specific ranges of activity. They control the most important weeds but not all the plants of a commu
45、nity. The latter profit from the new free space and from the fertilizer as much as the crop does; hence they often spread rapidly and become weeds unless another herbicide for their eradication is found.The soil contains enormous quantities of seeds of numerous specieup to half a million per square
46、meters according to scientific literaturethat retain their ability to germinate for decades. Thus it may occur that weeds that were hardly noticed before emerge in masses after the elimination of their competitors. Hence, the knowledge of the composition of weed communities before selective weed kil
47、lers are applied is not only of scientific interest since the plant species present in the soil in the form of seeds must be considered as potential weeds. For efficient control the identification of weeds at the seedling stage, i.e. at a time when they can still be controlled, is particularly neces
48、sary; for the choice of the appropriate herbicide depends on the composition of the weed community.（分数：4.00）(1).The composition of a plant community_.（分数：1.00）A.depends on climate and soil type in a virgin environment undamaged by human beingsB.was greatly affected by human beings before they starte
49、d using chemical substances on the soilC.was radically transformed by uncivilized human beingsD.refers to plants, trees, climate, type of soil and the ecological environment(2).Why are there problem weeds?（分数：1.00）A.Because they cannot be eradicated by herbicides.B.Because all selective herbicides can encourage the growth of previously unimportant weed
