1、专业八级-829 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as “Corporate Culture“. Maintaining corporate culture1) Hewlett-Packard corporate culture: (
2、1) _ for others, a sense of community, and plain hard work maintenance of corporate culture: through extensive training of managers and employees 2) Southwest Airlines zealous about hiring: looking for a particular type of person, regardless of (2)_ to spend a lot of time and communicate with employ
3、ees in a variety of ways and a large part of it is (3) _. Diversity of corporate cultureFive continuums of cultures according to the Hofstede Cultural Orientation Model1) Individual vs. (4) Orientation2) Power-distance Orientation3) (5)_ Orientation4) Dominant-Values Orientation5) (6) _ Orientation.
4、 Change of corporate culture1) To reengineer themselves: change to (7) _ orientation common and (8)_ goals organizational commitment role clarity among team members team leadership mutual accountability with the team complementary knowledge and skills reinforcement of required behavioral competencie
5、s power ( veal and perceived) shared rewards2) Increasing importance of corporate culture: result of several recent developments employees: to be more responsible and think like (9) _ ; expected to always be“on-call“ companies: giving employees more flexible work schedules; filling employees need to
6、 belong to (10)_（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：5.0
7、0）(1).What makes David interested in South East Asia?（分数：1.00）A.The pretty divine place.B.Its wonderful past.C.Fantastic birds and reptiles.D.A great number of temples.(2).Which of the following statements about happiness is TRUE according to David?（分数：1.00）A.Happiness comes from ever going change.B
8、.Happiness comes when you succeed in doing something.C.Happiness wears off when he finally comes back to England.D.Happiness stays even when he comes back to Englan(3).What does David think is important if someone cares about making television or radio programs?（分数：1.00）A.Money.B.Enthusiasm.C.New ch
9、allenge.D.Professional knowledg(4).Which of the following statements about change is NOT mentioned by David?（分数：1.00）A.Change can come from forces around you.B.Change can come from within yourself.C.Change can bring joy and satisfaction to you.D.Change sometimes can also let you down.(5).What can be
10、 inferred about Davids attitude toward change?（分数：1.00）A.Enthusiastic.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Neutral.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).W
11、hich of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.A camera phone was used to record the execution of Saddam Hussein.B.The video was spread over the Internet.C.Mobile phones were banned in the execution.D.There was no clue yet as to who took the footag(2).The video has led to_.（分数：1.00）A.people
12、s greater confidence on the governmentB.lighter tension between Sunni and ShiiteC.sympathy for SaddamD.peoples more intensive hatred for SaddamQuestions 8 to 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given l0 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分
13、数：2.00）(1).Tom Stevenson was _.（分数：1.00）A.sentenced to deathB.questioned at a police stationC.found responsible for five deathsD.in no connection with the murders(2).What kind of relationship did Tom Stevenson tell reporters was there between those being murdered and he himself?（分数：1.00）A.They were
14、lovers.B.They were strangers.C.They were neighbors.D.They were friends.1. Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question,Now listen to the news.Which of the following statements about the flood is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Twenty-t
15、wo people have been killed in the flood.B.In the deadliest incident, fourteen people were killed.C.Dozens of people have been left stranded in factories,D.There were no police officers hurt in the rescuing work,五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The period of adolescence, i.e.
16、, the person between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patter
17、ns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and econom
18、ic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modem society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal re
19、cognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college grad
20、uation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of s
21、tatus roles, right, privileges and responsibilities, it is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer
22、 considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increase his social statu
23、s by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights: the young man can now be a soldier, but
24、 he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can write, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a fun
25、ction of age alter majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.（分数：5.00）(1).The length of adolescence is decided by all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the definition
26、 of maturity and adulthoodB.change in social and economic conditionsC.industrialization of the societyD.development of science and technology(2).What can be a substitute for adolescence ceremonies?（分数：1.00）A.Steps leading to recognition.B.Increased social-economic status.C.Adult privileges and respo
27、nsibilities.D.Behavioral changes.(3).One can fully enjoy his adulthood privileges when he is no less than_ years old.（分数：1.00）A.12B.16C.18D.21(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE about a 22-year-old young man?（分数：1.00）A.He can get more basic rights than those of 21.B.He will get more and mo
28、re rights as he grows older and older.C.He has no more basic rights than when he was 21.D.He will enjoy more rights granted by society.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.one begins to be considered as an adult since 12B.one has to pay full fare before he is free from the restri
29、ctions of child labor lawsC.one begins to lose childhood privileges when he can obtain a drivers licenseD.one cant marry without parental permission until he can enter into financial contracts七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encoura
30、ged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the sam
31、e period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movemen
32、t actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary“ and “individual theorists“ were in reality connected to a movement utopian socialism which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first womens rig
33、hts conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 180o8. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions b
34、e expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the groups contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on
35、two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint- Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents energy. Hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint- Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint- Simonianism, European histori
36、ans appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simons followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would
37、be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social
38、 and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socializa
39、tion and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.（分数：6.00）(1).What did historians studying American feminist movements manage t
40、o do?（分数：1.00）A.Study influential economic and social conditions.B.Identify the origin of feminist movements.C.Fully analyze the development of feminist ideas.D.Realize the international origins of the 19th century American feminist thought.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the Seneca Fal
41、ls conference_.（分数：1.00）A.aimed at simulating feminist movements in AmericaB.was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movementC.discussed the ideological development of feminismD.focused on womens rights in America(3).What does the author think about most European historians who have
42、 studied the Saint- Simonians?（分数：1.00）A.They have studied more of the groups contribution to socialism.B.They have studied the groups feminist part.C.They have thorough investigation into feminism in France.D.They are the only authority about Saint-Simonism.(4).According to the passage, the society
43、 envisioned by most Saint-Simonians would be one in which_.（分数：1.00）A.women could obtain superior rightsB.women played a vital role in politicsC.the two genders competed with each otherD.the two genders had equal status(5).It can be inferred from the passage that all Saint-Simonians_.（分数：1.00）A.have
44、 different ideas regarding sexual equalityB.believe that sexual equality benefits women more than it does to menC.believe in the innateness of differences between men and womenD.see gender differences as results of education(6).the passage is mainly about_.（分数：1.00）A.the origin of American feminismB
45、.the development of American feminismC.the feminist part of Saint-SimonianismD.Saint-Simonism and utopian socialism八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)We know that he was baptized on April 26, 1564, so that somewhere between April 20 and April 23, four hundred years ago, was born an Englishman who possessed what
46、 was probably the greatest brain ever encased in a human skull.William Shakespeares work has been performed without interruption for some three hundred and fifty years everywhere in the world. Scholars and students in every land know his name and study his work as naturally as they study their holy
47、books the Gospels, the Torah, the Koran, and the others.For centuries clergymen have spoken Shakespeares words from their pulpits; lawyers have used his sentences in addressing juries; doctors, botanists, agronomists, bankers, seamen, musicians, and, of course, actors, painters, poets, editors, and
48、novelists have used words of Shakespeare for knowledge, for pleasure, for experience, for ideas and for inspiration.It is hard to exaggerate the debt that mankind owes. Shakespeares greatness lies in the fact that there is nothing within the range of human thought that he did not touch. Somewhere in his writings, you will find a full-length portrait of yourself, of your father, of your mother, and indeed of every one of your descendants yet unborn.The most singular fact connected with William Shakespeare is that there is no direct mention in his works of any of his contemporaries. It
