1、专业八级-770 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Division of Labor(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.Guinness developed it by himself.
2、B.Sir Hugh Beaver first asked Mcwhirter twins to develop it.C.It first developed in Ireland.D.Somebody called Guinness developed it.A.5 months.B.6 months.C.12 months.D.32 months.A.50.B.40,000.C.3200.D.450.A.recreation and practical valuesB.recreation and reputationC.reputation and TV programD.reputa
3、tion and positionA.Beijing Educational Press.B.Liaoning Educational Press.C.London Guinness World Record.D.Ireland Guinness World Recor六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions 6 to 7 are(总题数：1，分数：2.00)A.schools should not use names like “redskins“B.schools can use names like “redskins“C.some names such
4、 as “redskins“ are derogatoryD.local schools should name their sports teams carefullyA.has the duty to supervise names of sport teamsB.has the duty to help local schools choose proper namesC.should not be prejudiced to teams because of their namesD.should not deprive schools of the right to name the
5、ir teams八、Questions 8 to 9 are(总题数：1，分数：2.00)A.assured his family members that he was safeB.asked the British government to save his lifeC.criticize the British government for not taking actionD.denounced those who captured him very bravelyA.They are still very safe.B.They have been rescued by the U
6、S army.C.They have been killed.D.Nobody knows exactly what has happened to them.九、Question 10 is based(总题数：1，分数：1.00)A.earthquakeB.hurricaneC.fireD.terrorist attack十、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：2.00)2.What is the major point that the author is making in the article?（分数：1.00）A
7、.The Constitution, one of the greatest documents of the world, was written by fifty-five men of varying talents and backgrounds.B.The Constitution owes its greatness to the fact that it has never changed in a changing world.C.The Constitution was written by many people working together cooperatively
8、.D.The Constitution was written by many people, all of whom were thinkers of the highest order.3.Which of the following statements about the 55men framing the Constitution is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Alexander Hamilton was not among them.B.All of them were famous.C.All of them contributed much to the framing
9、.D.George Washington and Benjamin Franklin were among them.十二、TEXT B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)4.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Threat of Deflation in US.B.Economic Situation in US.C.Where US Economy is Heading.D.The Sign of Recession in US Economy.5.What is the
10、 Feds main concern according to Mr. Gramley?（分数：1.00）A.To provide liquidity to the market.B.To keep a close watch on Wall Street, if there is a stock market crash, it will lower interest rates.C.To observe the influence of a sliding market on consumer confidence and give a timely response.D.To preve
11、nt the stock market from sliding too muc6.What did President Clinton try to do during his trip to Moscow?（分数：1.00）A.To pacify the market.B.To make a speech on American economy.C.To intervene.D.To cooperate with Russian to pursue sustainable development.十三、TEXT C(总题数：3，分数：3.00)7.According to the auth
12、or, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Most educated people study both sides of a question.B.Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.C.The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of an issue.D.It is wise to get both sides of a
13、 debatable issue from ones teachers.8.The best title for this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.The Age of ReasonB.The Need for Independent ThinkingC.The Value of RefutationD.How People Think9.According to the author, it is always advisable to _.（分数：1.00）A.have opinions which can not be refutedB.adopt the poi
14、nt of view to which he feels the most inclinationC.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which he disagreesD.suspended heterodox speculation十四、TEXT D(总题数：4，分数：4.00)10.The style of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.humorousB.poeticC.detailedD.unrealistic11.The writer means for t
15、his passage to appeal to the readers _.（分数：1.00）A.sensesB.religionC.moralsD.thoughts12.The rear view of the stranger _.（分数：1.00）A.is compared to a statueB.has matchless symmetryC.is compared to a garden vineD.is typical of a South Sea Islander13.What is the color of the tattooing on his back?（分数：1.0
16、0）A.Brown.B.Yellow.C.Blue.D.Green.十五、TEXT E(总题数：5，分数：5.00)14.It can be inferred from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as _.（分数：1.00）A.confused and dismayedB.wary and hostileC.curious but fearfu
17、lD.cynical and disinterested15.The authors attitude toward Bachofens treaties is best described as one of _.（分数：1.00）A.qualified approvalB.profound ambivalenceC.pointed disagreementD.unmitigated hostility16.All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for know
18、ledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.partial completenessB.restricted accessibilityC.limited quantityD.tendency toward contradiction17.The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofens work is that _.（分数：1.00）A.feminists have shown little interest in ancie
19、nt societiesB.reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquireC.ancient societies show the best evidence of women in position of powerD.historians have been primarily interested in the modern period18.The primary purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：1.00）A.compare competing new app
20、roaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societiesB.investigate the ramifications of Bachofens theory about the dominance of women in ancient societiesC.explain the burgeoning interest among historians in determining the actual status of women in various societiesD.criticize the value o
21、f ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies十六、TEXT F(总题数：3，分数：3.00)19.What does “dirty pool“ at the end of the second paragraph mean?（分数：1.00）A.Improper deeds.B.Bribery.C.Chicanery.D.Dirty transaction.20.On what occasion is the author likely to be moved?（分数：1.00）A.A young
22、 person cheated of the best things in life.B.A genius athlete breaks a world record.C.A little girl suffers from an incurable disease.D.When the curtain comes down on a touching play.21.Why didnt the writers wife and friends ask him what had really happened to him?（分数：1.00）A.They sensed that somethi
23、ng terrible happened, they didnt dare to ask.B.They were afraid that the writer might lose face if they asked.C.Theyd like to let it be for it was not their business.D.They tried to calm the writer in this way.十七、PART GENERAL KNOWL(总题数：10，分数：10.00)22.The Tories are the forerunners of _, which still
24、bears the nickname today.（分数：1.00）A.the Labour PartyB.the Liberal PartyC.the Social Democratic PartyD.the Conservative Party23.One way to overcome regional variation and facilitate the communication between speakers of different dialects is to enforce _.（分数：1.00）A.phonetic reformB.language planningC
25、.language reformD.social planning24.What is the relationship between “livestock“ and “cattle“?（分数：1.00）A.Polysemy.B.Antonymy.C.Homonymy.D.Hyponymy.25.The following words, EXCEPT, form a minimal set and three minimal pairs, _.（分数：1.00）A.beatB.bitC.betD.hat26.Of all the symbols, _, which are considere
26、d to represent fertility and new life, are those most frequently associated with Easter.（分数：1.00）A.the pumpkin and the turkeyB.the lamb and the beefC.the spring peas and the potatoesD.the egg and the rabbit27.The heir to the English throne is named the _, which was initiated by Edward I in 1301.（分数：
27、1.00）A.Prince of ScotlandB.Prince of EnglandC.Prince of WalesD.Prince of Northern Ireland28.The 18th century Witnessed a new literary form-the modem English novel, which is contrary to the medieval romance, gives a _ presentation of life of the common people.（分数：1.00）A.romanticB.realisticC.prophetic
28、D.idealistic29.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.normal contemporary speech patternsB.humble and rustic life as subject matterC.elegant wording and inflated figures of speechD.intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience30.The Grand
29、Canyon, carved by the Colorado river, in northwestern _ is one of natures most impressive sights.（分数：1.00）A.UtahB.ArizonaC.NevadaD.Oregon31.Whitmans poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.the strict poetic formB.the free and natural rhythmC.the easy flow of feeling
30、sD.the simple and conversational language十八、PART PROOFREADDING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十九、Translating is a com(总题数：10，分数：10.00)32.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_34.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_36.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_37.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_38.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_39.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_40.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_41.（分数：1.00）
31、填空项 1:_二十、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二十一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)42.母亲从乡下来，住了十天。临走前，她老人家想为我们添置一件东西，留个纪念。母亲说：“你们什么都有，又好像什么都没有。电视机是你们的，里面走来走去都是些陌生的人，有时候，杀人犯、贼、贪官、小偷也在里面出出进进；收录机是你们的，可尽是人家在唱歌；书架上的书是你们的，可那都是别人写的字；电冰箱是你们的，一年四季都装一箱不知从哪里落下的霜。方便是方便，可就是没有一样是你们自己的。”（分数：10.00）_二十二、SECTION B ENGL
32、ISH TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)43.Hemingway once wrote that courage is grace under pressure. But I would rather think with the 18th-century Italian dramatist, Vittorio Alfieri, that “often the test of courage is not to die but live.“ For living cancer engenders more than pressure; it begets terror. To live w
33、ith it, to face up to it-thats courage.Hope is our most effective “drug“ in treating cancer. There is almost no cancer (at any stage) that cannot be treated. By instilling hope in a patient, we can help develop a positive, combative attitude to his disease. I1-logical, unproven? Perhaps. But many do
34、ctors believe that this must become a part of cancer therapy if the therapy is to be effective.（分数：10.00）_二十三、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：20.00)44. Write a comment of about 400 words on the following topic:The Advantage of ReadingIn the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement,
35、and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions
36、 may result in a loss of marks.Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.（分数：20.00）_专业八级-770 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Division of Labor(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_ （正确答案：maximum efficiency/highest efficiency）解析：听力原文1-10Characteristics of a
37、 BureaucracyWhen we think of the term bureaucracy, a variety of unpleasant images come to mind. In order to develop a more useful and objective definition of bureaucracy, we must turn to the writings of Max Weber. Weber viewed bureaucracy as a form of organization quite different from the family-run
38、 business. He argued that every bureaucracy-whether its purpose is to run a day care center, or army-will have five basic characteristics. In our lecture today, well take a brief look at these characteristics.The first characteristic Weber identified is division of labor. Specialized experts are emp
39、loyed in each position to perform specific tasks. Thus, the president of the United States need not be a good typist. A lawyer need not be able to complete an income tax form. By working at a specific task, people are more likely to be- come highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency
40、. This emphasis on specialization is so basic a part of our lives that we may not realize that it is a recent development in western culture.Although division of labor has certainly been beneficial in the performance of many complex bureaucracies, in some cases it can lead to trained incapacity; tha
41、t is, workers become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems. Besides, specialization is especially disastrous for the person who loses a job during layoff. The third problem is that division of labor may actually contribute to sex discrimination by creating
42、unnecessary and inappropriate distinctions between female and male employees.The second characteristic Weber found for bureaucracy is hierarchy of authority. Bureaucracies follow the principle of hierarchy; that is, each position is under the supervision of a higher authority. Large medical groups,
43、for example, have boards of directors, executive committees, and administrators.Recent research suggests that bureaucracy may be a positive environment for women at the lower but not the upper echelons of the hierarchy. It is believed that many traits traditionally associated with women are conduciv
44、e to participation in a bureaucratic organization. However, women may find their career progress hindered because they function more as facilitators than as innovators, and then are not viewed as aggressive enough to serve in higher management posts. Consequently, although traditional feminine value
45、s may be functional for women in the lower levels of bureaucratic structure, they appear to become disfunctional as women aspire to greater power and prestigeWhat will be the third feature, then? Thats written rules and regulations. Rules and regulations, as we all know, are an important characteris
46、tic of bureaucracies. Idcslly, through such procedures, a bureaucracy ensures uniform performance of every task This prohibits us from receiving an extra $20 at the bank, but also guarantees us that we will receive essentially the same treatment as other customers. If the bank provides them with spe
47、cial services, such as monthly statements or investment advice, it will also provide us with those services.Through written rules and regulations, bureaucracies generally offer employees clear standards as to what is considered an adequate performance. In addition, procedures provide a valuable sense of continuity in a bureaucracy. Individual workers will come and go, but the structure and past records give the organization a life of its ow
