1、专业八级-755 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Having been a student and teacher in China (at Peking and Tsinghua Universities,respectively), I know quite a few Chinese students. Indeed,(1)_ all of them have gone (1)_to the United States to (2)_ the
2、ir studies. (2)_Like the larger body of Chinese students in the United States-totaling well over 40,000-my friends live across the vast expanse of the American continent, on both coasts and in the states in between. They have chosen fields of study ranging from environmental engineering and public p
3、olicy to history and Asian studies. Yet despite the great diversity among these students in terms of their ages, backgrounds, locations,and majors, (3)_ experiences remain. (3)_None are more pronounced that the inability of most Chinese students to effectively immerse themselves in American society.
4、 It seems to me that the majority of Chinese students in the United States have never made the effort to reach out and embrace American life on its own terms, instead, most share apartments with one or more fellow Chinese students, speaking Chinese and eating Chinese food on a daily basis. In some r
5、espects, it is as if these students had never left China. Interactions with Americans tend to be limited to relatively formal, academic settings, such as the classroom or a professors office. Moreover, few Chinese students participate in campus-wide (4)_ activities, (4)_such as athletic matches and
6、dances, which would put them into contact with a diverse array of American young people. Rather, most limit themselves to taking part in programs arranged by the Chinese Students Association and, naturally, these events are generally linked to uniquely Chinese occasions such as the Spring Festival a
7、nd National Day. Asa result, even Chinese students who have spent years in the United States often difficult to engage American friends in (5)_ conversations about (5)_such subjects as American politics, race relations, and popular music. In short, they lack a “feel“ for the country. Chinese student
8、s widely acknowledge this phenomenon even as they maintain differing views as to its cause. Some contend that Chinese have difficulty (6)_ the cultural divide on account of such practical considerations as money. (6)_Because Chinese students come from a developing country and often have to rely on l
9、imited scholarship funds for support, they argue, Chinese students simply do not have the financial means to more fully participate in the extra-curricular and social activities which would afford them more (7)_ contact with American (and other foreign) students. (7)_The truth is, however, that most
10、 American students are just as poor; it is a common fact of American student life. And in any event, most campus-based social events are (8)_ to meet student needs. (8)_Others believe that the reason Chinese find acculturation difficult is somewhat more complex. Fundamentally, few Chinese see the ch
11、ance to study in the United States for what it is: a once in lifetime opportunity to get to know another country from the inside. Chinese students typically focus so single-mindedly on their studies that they lose sight of the larger picture, that is, their ultimate role as cultural interpreters bet
12、ween their homeland and the United States. To be sure, a Chinese students service as an engineer or biologist is(9)_ to Chinas continued economic construction, (9)_but his or her ability to bridge the divide-or often, the perceived divide-between two distinct cultures is perhaps even more important
13、over the long run. Today, only a small fraction of the Chinese students who have studied in the United States have returned to China, a proof of both the academic and professional success of Chinese students in the United States and the openness of the society in which they found this success. The c
14、ontributions Chinese students have made to American life are truly striking. Still, I believe that the next generation of Chinese students in the United States-those who will begin the 21st century there-will recognize their crucial function in the process of furthering U. S. -China understanding. T
15、hey will return to China in (10)_ numbers to contribute to their countrys (10)_ development in unprecedented ways. I only hope that before these students find their way back to China, they find their way into the heart of America.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
16、1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the conversation you will be give 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).When did Post office in Britain employ cats?（分数：1.00）A.In 1868B.In 1886C.
17、In 1898D.In 1889.(2).Why were female cats usually employed by the Post Office?（分数：1.00）A.They could work for 24 hours a day.B.They were worse hunters.C.They were more persistent hunters.D.They worked the whole night.(3).What happened to the cats if the number of mice in a post office didnt decline w
18、ithin 6 months?（分数：1.00）A.They were killed.B.They were punished by not to be given food.C.They had to change job.D.They were dismisse(4).Why was Lucky awarded the DFC certificate?A. Because of the great amount of rats she caught. B: Because of her good manner.C. Because of her sudden attack on the b
19、urglars. D. She served for 16 years.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Does the Post Office still employ cats?（分数：1.00）A.Yes, as fewer than before.B.Yes, but fewer than before.C.Yes, they are not needed any more.D.No, their services are discontinue四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Question 6 and 7 are based on the follow
20、ing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The holiday began as a way to honor soldiers killed during _.（分数：1.00）A.Revolutionary WarB.the First World WarC.wars involved AmericaD.the Civil War(2).Mo
21、re than _ are buried in Arlington National Cemetery today.（分数：1.00）A.216,000B.206,000C.260,000D.266,000Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given I0 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).According t
22、o Mr. Verleger, what is the most important change in the global energy economy in 30 years?（分数：1.00）A.the rapid growth in world oil consumptionB.the rise of China and IndiaC.the construction of new pipelines is becoming more difficultD.the rise of oil price(2).Pakistans prime ministers proposal invo
23、lved _.（分数：1.00）A.Persian Gulf, Pakistan and ChinaB.Persian Gulf, Pakistan and IndiaC.Pakistan, India and China.D.Persian Gulf and Pakistan1.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.What is th
24、e passage primarily concerned with?（分数：1.00）A.The study of Emu oilB.the use of Emu oilC.The effect of Emu oilD.neither of above choices五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Since the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers i
25、n the United States have been trying to improve productivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through costcutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is definding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity- the value of goods manufactured divided b
26、y the amount of labor input- did not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to impleme
27、nt costcutting, the more they lost their competitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became dear to me that the costcutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a“ 40, 40,20“ rule, roughly 40 percent of any
28、 manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20
29、percent rests on implementing conventional costcutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach- including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder-do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another
30、problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in costcutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers
31、 under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured, production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This
32、dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implement
33、inga manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in diffe
34、rent markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach, within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufactur
35、ing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.（分数：4.00）(1).The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachC.comparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions(2).The authors attitude toward the culture is mos
36、t factories in best described as _.（分数：1.00）A.cautiousB.criticalC.disinterestedD.respectful(3).in the passage, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.a business principleB.a definition of productivityC.an example of a successful companyD.an illustration of a process technology.
37、(4).The author suggests that implementing manufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is _.（分数：1.00）A.flawed and ruinousB.shortsighted and difficult to sustainC.popular and easily accomplishedD.useful but inadequate七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：3.00)At last her efforts bore fruit. Burton was appointed to S
38、antos, in Brazil, where Isabel might also go. They made their farewell rounds and Isabel learnt Portuguese while she packed up. At Lisbon three-inch cockroaches seethed about the floor of their room. Isabel was caught off her guard, but Burton was brutal,“ I suppose you think you look very pretty, s
39、tanding on that chair and howling at those innocent creatures.“ Isabels reaction was typical. She reflected that of course he was right; if she had to live in a country full of such creatures, and worse, she had better pull herself together. She got down and started lashing out with a slipper. In tw
40、o hours she had got a bag of ninety-seven.On arrival in Brazil she found that Portuguese fauna had been nothing. Now there were spiders, as big as crabs. In the matter of tropical diseases it seems to have ranked with darkest Africa; there were slaves, too, and in a society where men drank brandy fo
41、r breakfast, no one condemned the habit of chaining mad slave to the roof-top as a sort of domestic pet, or clown. There was cholera too, and the less dramatic but agonizing local boils, “so close you could not put a pin through them.“The Emperor found the new Consul and his wife a great addition to
42、 the country, and once again Burtons wonderful conversation held his audience spellbound. But chic Brazilians looked askance at Isabel wading barefoot in the streams, bottling snakes, painting and doing up a ruined chapel, or accompanying Richard on expeditions to the virgin interior. There were gym
43、nastics and cold baths, and Mass and market,“ helping Richard with Literature“ (his writing was always in capitals to her) and the wearisome pages of Foreign Office reports she was always so loyal and dutiful in copying out for him.About now, a note of sadness creeps into Isabels letters home. We se
44、nse an immense loneliness behind the courage with which she always faced life. Richard was going through a particularly trying phase. The explorer was dying hard, strangled in office tape. He would cut loose and disappear for weeks at a time, returning as bitter and restless as when he left. It was
45、she who held everything together and kept up the facade, both with the Foreign Office, who were constantly making the most awkward enquiries, and the local society, who were equally curious. There were few diversions for her.Richard preferred discussing metaphysics and astronomy with the Capuchin mo
46、nks to going to the local dances. She was learning now to be self-sufficient, to manage, unobtrusively, the practical side of their lives, and to rough it, both physically and emotionally. She had to combine the shadow-like devotion of the Oriental woman with a fighting spirit seldom found in women,
47、 and certainly not in most Victorian women.（分数：3.00）(1).We can conclude that Isabel Burton _.（分数：1.00）A.had been trying to get her husband a job in a place where she could go with him.B.had been trying to get her husband a job in Brazil.C.was always trying to plant fruit trees from Brazil.D.was alwa
48、ys trying to make great efforts in Brazil.(2).When her husband laughed at her reaction, Isabel decided _.（分数：1.00）A.to hit her husband with a slipper.B.to carry on calmly with what she was doing.C.to pull herself towards the chair she was standing on.D.to calm down and behave sensibly.(3).Although he was employed by Foreign Office, Richard Burton was _.（分数：1.00）A.interested in becoming a monk or an emplorer.B.very interested in his work and a number of other things.C.bored by his work and his duties.D.bored by his work and his many other intere
