1、专业八级-683 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Leaving Home(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.PredominanceB.Local characteristics an
2、d customsC.Individual identityD.Potential dividing forcesA.He has Romanian originB.He is a teacher and a set designer in the same timeC.He had a cultural resonance when he first came to the USAD.He couldnt understand why Americans invest so much on entertainment industry but not on artA.He thinks th
3、at teaching doesnt help the artistic sideB.He believes that teaching keeps him energeticC.Teaching shouldnt be totally isolated from politicsD.Teaching frustrates him so many timesA.The students must be the followers of their teacherB.He should work hard to make students believe in their own abiliti
4、esC.Pleasing students is the most necessary factorD.Teacher should have a decisive effect on the personalities of studentsA.Everyone has the access to leadershipB.Leaders create the worst work situationC.Books can help to improve people ability and make someone a leaderD.The real leaders are born六、S
5、ECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions 6 AmericanB.Benjamin Jefferson; A, ericanC.Thomas Moore; EnglishD.Thomas Paine; English二十三、PART PROOFREADDING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二十四、Variations among sta(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_32.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_34.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_36.（分
6、数：1.00）填空项 1:_37.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_38.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_39.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_40.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二十五、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二十六、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)41.幸福可以被描绘成一种积极的情绪和一种愉快的心境。根据最近的民意测验，百分之六十到七十的美国人认为他们自己基本上是幸福的；而每二十个人中有一个人认为自己非常不幸福。心理学家们一直在研究构成幸福的因素。幸福是不可预卜的，而一个处于表面上最理想的环境中的人也不一定就会幸
7、福。理想的环境和他实际的感觉之间可能没有什么关系。（分数：10.00）_二十七、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)42.By the time I began teaching in the early 1970s, everyone already seemed to be in business for himself, looking for the best deal, which meant the least teaching for the most money at the most snobbishly well-regarded sch
8、ools. The spirit of capitalism, for all that might be said on its behalf, wreaks havoc when applied to culture and education. The English novelist David Lodge neatly caught this spirit at work when he created, in two of his academic novels, the character Morris Zapp. A scholar-operator, Zapp, as des
9、cribed by Lodge, “is well-primed to enter a profession as steeped in free enterprise as Wall Street, in which each scholar-teacher makes an individual contract with his employer, and is free to sell his services to the highest bidder. “Said to be based on the Milton-man Stanley Fish, an identificati
10、on that Fish apparently has never disavowed but instead glories in, Morris Zapp is the freebooter to a high power turned loose in academic settings: always attempting to strengthen his own position, usually delighted to be of disservice to the old ideal of aca- demic dignity and integrity. Fish hims
11、elf ended his days with a deanship at the University of Illinois in Chicago for a salary said to be 250, 000, much less than a utility infielder in the major leagues makes but, for an academic, a big number.（分数：10.00）_二十八、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：20.00)43.Some people say that older people should live w
12、ith their adult children. Others say that they shouldnt. Which do you think is good practice. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what yo
13、u have written to a natural conclu- sion with a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, gramanar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instruc- tions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.（分数：20.00）_专业八级-683 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART
14、LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Leaving Home(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_ （正确答案：limitations）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：financially）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：accommodation）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：population）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：disadvantages）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：cheap）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：characters）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：fur
15、niture）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：hanging）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：survive）解析：听力原文Questions-Leaving HomeA persons home reflects his character just as clearly as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Most people have in their minds a picture of their “ideal home“; but in
16、general, and particularly for students or for people just beginning work, there are practical limitations of money and location which may prevent them from finding this ideal home. Not having enough moneys in fact, often means that the only way of getting along when you leave school is to stay at ho
17、me for a while until things improve financially. There are many advantages to staying at home your clothes are usually washed for you, your meals are cooked and you already have your circle of friends around you. Parents are often very generous in asking for only a little help with paying the rent,
18、and you do not usually have to pay the bills for electricity, etc. On the other hand, a lot depends on how you get on with your family. Do your parents like your friends? Are you prepared to be patient when your parents ask you where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back?
19、Do they mind if you throw a party at home? If you decide that you would rather leave home and that you finally have enough money for a place of your own, how can you find somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area, you probably know the possibilities already. Friends and the local
20、newspapers are always a good source of information. If you are going to work in a new area, again there are the newspapers; and there are also accommodation agencies. There are offices which have a list of houses and fiats which you can rent one to talk to, and your room will often be very comfortab
21、le. However, you may find that digs have the same disadvantages of living at home: you cannot invite your friends to visit you freely and if you do not get on with your landlady your life can be rather unhappy. However, this can be an expensive way of finding a flat because you usually have to pay t
22、he agency the same amount as a weeks rent for the flat they show you. For students, many colleges and universities have accommodation officers, whose job is to help you find somewhere to live. Of course you can often live on campus but many students would rather find their own accommodation in the t
23、own. However, in some areas this is difficult because there is a large student population and many house-owners are not happy about renting rooms to students. But what sort of accommodation is available?If you like the idea of living with a family then digs might be the answer. Living in digs means
24、having one room in someones house. Your landlord or usually your land-lady cooks your meals and may wash your clothes if you are lucky. You always have some one to talk to, and your room will often be very comfortable. However, you may fred(that digs have the same disadvantages as living at home: yo
25、u can not invite your friends, to visit you freely, and if you do not get, on with your landlady your life can be rather unhappy. Sharing a flat with some other students may seem a better answer. This can be very cheap there are no old people watching over you and telling you what to do, and the hou
26、sework cane in theory be shared with your flatmates. However there may be problems if your characters are different. One person may spend hours on the telephone or taking hot, deep baths; while another never telephones anyone and likes cold showers. Then who pays the bills in this case? One of your
27、flatmates may like playing music very loudly perhaps while you are trying to study. And can you ask the other to go out if you want to see a friend alone?If you think that having other people around all the time will not be pleasantperhaps you should try a bedsitter (one room which you use as a bedr
28、oom and sitting room combined). A bedsitter is nots very expensive; it is easy to keep clean and cheap, to heat since it is only one room; and, by putting up pictures on the walls and perhaps buying some furniture of your owns you can make it feel like a real home. The disadvantages are that you hav
29、e to cook in the rooms so it may be always full of food smells; you may have to have your wet clothes hanging all round the room to dry; and it can be very lonely at first if you have moved to a new area. If all this makes you think that it would be better to stay in the safety of your parents homes
30、 remember that thousands of students move into their own accommodation every year and survive.四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.PredominanceB.Local characteristics and customs C.Individual identityD.Potential dividing forces解析：听力原文Questions-Interview with Nick Ularu Ab
31、out leadership and teambullding in arts and cultureReporter: Welcome Nick, our audience must be eager to know your ideas about leadership and teambuilding in arts and culture. Nick: Thanks. I think everybody who wants to pursue a successful career, specially in the arts, have to consider himself/ he
32、rself a world citizen from the beginning. I think one of the most dangerous notions in the contemporary society is the provin- ciaiism. I was trying always to keep my Romanian roots but I felt always the need to connect myself to whats happen in the world. I can understand the fears of loosing the i
33、dentity but due to the development of the technology and information it is practically impossible to ignore some of the advantages of the scary globalization. Reporter: But now, because we got together again here, in this amazing and-I might say-unbelievable country as USA, lets talk a little about
34、your experience here, first. Then, because I know that you are teacher and a set designer in the same time, maybe you can tell me how can you handle this. Nick: I had a cultural choke in my first six months in the USA It is hard to accept that the American administration doesnt subsidize the arts as
35、 the majority of the European governments do, specially because the USA is the most developed country in the world. It is amazing to see an artist as Robert Wilson doing his experimental projects in Europe, with European money, with budgets one cannot dream to have here in the USA outside of enterta
36、inment industry, and coming to present these performances in the USA. Speaking about evil, it is still hard for me to associate the concept of industry with the concept of arts, like the film industry or entertainment industry. I was wondering always if directors like Fellini or Bergman would exist
37、or survive as artists in the American film industry, and how their films will look like. Thanks God, the American art survive based on the private sponsorship and on the artists ambitions and frustrations. Reporter: Is your career as a teacher helping the artistic side?Nick: To be honest it was more
38、 easy to handle this in Europe. My career as a teacher is occupying almost all my time over the academic year. It is frustrating to refuse some of the project proposals just because I dont have the physical time to do it. But this was always a major problem for me. I think I need more lives to do wh
39、at I want or at least days of 36-48 hours. I like teaching because I have the feeling that keeps me young. . . Working with young artists is as wonderful and painful as the love is. I hate teaching in an environment where there are more concerns about the politics, political correctness, power, etc.
40、 than education. Reporter: Do you feel that your students are going to become your followers? What is your teaching technique, basically? Is it just listen to me, and do that or (the one that Ive get myself from you) the far more difficult lets see what you have to say about the issue?Nick: My philo
41、sophy of teaching is that the students must be the followers of their own talents, not mine. All I try to do is to develop their own personality, to make them open and confident in their powers. In my opinion a teacher must be first of all, honest with his / her students. One cannot do education by
42、pleasing always your students in order to have good evaluations for your tenure. . . ?Reporter: What about the teamwork both in classes and at the theatre-is something different from other countries, in term of relationship between the members?Nick: The teamwork is crucial in the theatre. One cannot
43、 do theatre without collaboration and discipline. What about actors coming late to the performances they are involved in? What about not having the costumes or sets in time? Every aspect of the theatre production is as important as the entire production. We can easily transgress this to a teamwork.
44、Actually I will suggest theatre classes / notions to any business school. Reporter: How do you see yourself as a leader? Do you think that this should be a natural ability, or something you can learn in time? What is your greatest quality as a leader? When and how did you realize that about yourself
45、?Nick: Ive been in this position for some many years at different levels and I can say by my experience that the leadership is not for everybody. Actually I think that the worst work situations are created by the people who have the power but are not leaders. You can find a lot of books teaching you
46、 to improve your career, to become a millionaire, to become a leader or to loose 20 pounds by night . but how many people become millionaires by reading those books? I truly believe that you can learn a lot of tricks in how to deal with people/situations but a really leader is born not made from boo
47、ks. Speaking about myself I think one of the qualities I tried to improve in time is to see the situation I am dealing with, from different perspectives. As much as Im getting older as much I begun to be less radical in my opinions. Reporter: It is a theory, saying: “no matter how well people are doing, they can do better. I remember that you use to have something very similar to me as a
