1、专业八级-678 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Rise of RPHistorical reasonsReceived Pronunciation (RP) was originally associated with a (1) spoken in the region between central England and London, including Oxford and Cambridge.Its survival was
2、due to its use by the (2) in the 14th century and by university students in the (3) .Its rise in importance resulted from its application in government and official documents.The prestige of its (4) pattern of pronunciation came about with its use in (5) in the 19th century.As a result, its (6) is a
3、ccepted by Television and the radio, the professions and teaching English as a foreign language.Three characteristics of RP1) its speakers dont regard themselves as connected with any geographical region;2) RP is largely used in England;3) RP is a “class“ accent, associated with (7) social classes.I
4、ts present statusDecline in the prestige of RP is the result of a) loss of monopoly of education by the privileged; b) (8) of higher education in the post-war period.However, it still retains its eminence among certain professional people.There is a rise in the status of all (9) We are moving toward
5、s the (10) position: general acceptance of all regional accents and absence of a class accent that transcends all regions.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Mr Brown is making inquiries about（分数：1.00）A.full parking facilities
6、.B.leaving his car in the U. K.C.having his car serviced.D.hiring a car abroa(2).The clerk informs the customer that he should pay（分数：1.00）A.6.5 pounds.B.23.10 pounds.C.24.75 pounds.D.243 pounds.(3).Mr Brown should deliver his car to Gatwick Parking Limited（分数：1.00）A.at 11.00.B.at 11.10.C.at 11.20.D
7、.at 11.30.(4).Mr Browns reaction to the questions he has to answer is（分数：1.00）A.completely indifferent.B.fairly relaxed.C.quite annoyed.D.rather impatient.(5).Mr Brown leaves in a hurry in order to avoid（分数：1.00）A.losing his licence.B.being severely fined.C.losing his parking space.D.being arrested
8、by the traffic warden.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.The disappearance of the A-10 jet was due to（分数：1.00）A.unknown reasons.B.a training flight.C.the training formation.D.four bombs.(1).Salman Rushdie is _ by origin.（分数：1.00）A.BritishB.AmericanC.IndianD.Iranian(2).President Clinton received Salman Rush
9、die probably because（分数：1.00）A.Salman Rushdie is a professor at M.I.T.B.Salman Rushdie is a peace-loving fighter.C.the US is against the government of Iran.D.the US is against state-supported murder.(1).The three American officials arriving in Baghdad（分数：1.00）A.were allowed to work unimpeded.B.were
10、forbidden to work at all.C.were asked to leave.D.were promptly detaine(2).With appeals from other countries, Baghdad leadership（分数：1.00）A.may cooperate with the UN.B.will stop driving out Americans.C.may permit the UN arms inspection.D.will still defy the UN arms inspection team.五、PART READING COMPR
11、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got
12、Mr Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Har
13、lem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August
14、 afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem the New York Amsterdam News when a tourist asking directions to Sylvias, a prominent Harlem restaurant
15、, penetrates my daydreaming. Hes carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr Michauxs bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: “World History Book Out
16、let on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples.“ An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest corner of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlems powerful political electricity seems unplugged - alth
17、ough the streets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hard-working southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and 30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America.
18、From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power Americas cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and 80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Banglades
19、h. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life.Now, you want to shout “Lookin good!“ at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a ni
20、ne-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone“-a federal designation aimed at fostering ec
21、onomic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contri
22、buted to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.（分数：5.00）(1).At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem（分数：1.00）A.has remained unchanged all these years.B.has undergone drastic changes.C.has become the capital of Black America.D.has remained a symbol of the dangers of inner-city lif(2)
23、.When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of（分数：1.00）A.indifference.B.discomfort.C.delight.D.nostalgi(3).Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 30s mainly because of its（分数：1.00）A.art and culture.B.immigrant population.C.political enthusiasm.D.distinc
24、tive architectur(4).From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author（分数：1.00）A.has strong reservations about the changes.B.has slight reservations about the changes.C.welcomes the changes in Harlem.D.is completely opposed to the changes.(5).Which of the following is NOT an appropri
25、ate depiction of the present-day Harlem?（分数：1.00）A.Harlem is now seen as a tourist attraction.B.Harlem is becoming an expensive place to live in.C.Harlem has transformed into a place of entertainment.D.Harlems crime rate remains the same as ever.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Pundits who want to sound judic
26、ious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of cat
27、astrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each case investors-mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans - all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a combined banking
28、 and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments h
29、ad no good options. If they let their currencies plunge, inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden, and recession
30、. In practice, countries split the difference-and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase “crony capitalism“ has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and busine
31、ss really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed se
32、nsible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the right track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong; now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The International Mone
33、tary Fund points to Koreas recovery - and more generally to the fact that the sky didnt fall after all-as proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia - which refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opin
34、ion by imposing capital controls also seems to be on the mend. Malaysias Prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news - even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of th
35、e policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMFs advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, banking reform - whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no more money to run, the natural recuperative power
36、s of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what yo
37、u mean by “full“. South Koreas industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to grow
38、th, but one that brings the regions performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.（分数：5.00）(1).“Pundits“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to（分数：1.00）A.economists.B.bankers.C.industrialists.D.financiers.(2).According to the pas
39、sage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion?（分数：1.00）A.Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B.Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C.Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D.Most governments chose one of the two options.(3).The writer th
40、inks that those Asian countries（分数：1.00）A.well deserved the punishment.B.invested in a senseless way at the time.C.were unduly punished in the crisis.D.had bad relationships between government and business.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations（分数：1.00）A.were far fro
41、m a panacea in all cases.B.were feasible in their recipient countries.C.failed to work in their recipient countries.D.were rejected unanimously by Asian countries.(5).At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is（分数：1.00）A.due.B.remote.C.imaginativ
42、e.D.unpredictabl八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)We live in southern California growing grapes, a first generation of vintners, our home adjacent to the vineyards and the winery. Its a very pretty place, and in order to earn the money to realize our dream of making wine, we worked for many years in a business
43、 that demanded several household moves, an incredible amount of risk-taking and long absences from my husband. When it was time, we traded in our old life, cinched up our belts and began the creation of the winery.We make small amounts of premium wine, and our lives are dictated by the rhythm of nat
44、ure and the demands of the living vines. The vines start sprouting tiny green tendrils in March and April, and the baby grapes begin to form in miniature, so perfect that they can be dipped in gold to form jewelry. The grapes swell and ripen in early fall, and when their sugar content is at the righ
45、t level, they are harvested carefully by hand and crushed in small lots. The wine is fermented and tended until it is ready to be bottled. The vineyards shed their leaves, the vines are pruned and made ready for the dormant months - and the next vintage.It sounds nice, doesnt it? Living in the count
46、ry, our days were spent in the ancient routine of the vineyard, knowing that the course of our lives as vintners was choreographed long ago and that if we practiced diligently, our wine would be good and wed be successful. From the start we knew there was a price for the privilege of becoming a wine
47、making family, connected to the land and the caprices of nature.We work hard at something we love, we are slow to panic over the daily emergencies, and we are nimble at solving problems as they arise. Some hazards to completing a successful vintage are expected: rain just before harvesting can cause
48、 mold; electricity unexpectedly interrupted during the cold fermentation of white wine can damage it; a delayed payment from a major client when the money is needed.There are outside influences that disrupt production and take patience, good will and perseverance. (For example) the Bureau of Alcohol
49、, Tobacco and Firearms regulates every facet of the wine business. A winerys records are audited as often as two or three times a year and every label-newly written for each years vintage must be approved .(But) The greatest threat to the winery, and one that almost made us lose heart, came out of a lawyers imagination. Our little winery was served notice that we were named in a law
