1、专业八级-601 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Improving Your Conversation SkillsSome common mistakes we have made in our conversations and the corresponding solutions.1. (1) .Solutions:1) Learn to listen to peoples words;2) Avoid (2) type of questi
2、ons;3) Prod a little further if someone says something like“Oh, I dottknow. “2. Tightening up.Solutions :1) Read the newspaper before leaving home and talk about the(3) ;2) Talk about something in your surroundings, comment on theaquarium at the party, costumes, etc.3. Feeling ill at ease when meeti
3、ng others for the first time.The solution:Assume (4) .Procedures:1) Imagine how you feel when meeting one of your best friends;2) Dont overdo it.4. Poor delivery.Solutions:1) Slowing down;2) (5) ;3) Speaking clearly;4) Using (6) ;5) Improving the body language, e.g. how to hold your drinks, etc. ;6)
4、 Finding a balance between (7) .5. Having to be right.The solution: Avoid arguing and having to be right about (8) 6. Being (9) The solution: End a subject when people are bored.7. Conclusions:1) Choose (10) things in need of improving;2) Work on them every day for three to four weeks;3) Notice the
5、differences.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What is the single largest problem facing the healthcare system today?（分数：1.00）A.It is difficult for individuals to maintain their healthcare coverage.B.It is uncertain for indiv
6、iduals to maintain their healthcare coverage.C.The individuals cant afford the healthcare cost.D.Whether or not the individuals can acquire the healthcare coverage.(2).According to the woman, what is the mans organizations remedy plan basically?（分数：1.00）A.It is a plan to help the poor family.B.It is
7、 a plan to decrease the healthcare coverage.C.It is a plan for broader coverage than what currently exists, mixture of private and public.D.It is a plan to increase the threshold for the healthcare coverage.(3).How many people who are eligible for public programs are NOT on the rolls?（分数：1.00）A.33 m
8、illion.B.10 million.C.11 million.D.12 million.(4).Whats the problem of the middle income people working generally for small employers?（分数：1.00）A.Losing insurance.B.Getting disease.C.Losing jobs.D.Decreasing incomes.(5).Individuals who find themselves working for a number of employers have been very
9、frustrated because（分数：1.00）A.they dont have the coverage.B.they dont have that consistency of coverage.C.they dont have the eligibility of coverage.D.they dont understand why they lose the coverage.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, yo
10、u will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.What is the main purpose of the National Book Festival?（分数：1.00）A.To sell more books to children.B.To introduce more writers to readers.C.To let people enjoy learning through books.D.To let the writers talk about their works.Q
11、uestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The experts advise that women get（分数：1.00）A.more mammograms.B.tested every two years.C.tested from age forty.D.a Pap test yearly.(2
12、).A Pap test（分数：1.00）A.looks for abnormal cervical cells.B.is better to be tested yearly.C.is not advised for girls.D.is useless for discovering cancer.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to
13、 the news.（分数：2.00）(1).College enrollment has reached so high NOT because of（分数：1.00）A.less cost than before.B.high unemployment rate.C.the economic downturn.D.high number of college eligible people.(2)._have had the greatest enrollment increase.（分数：1.00）A.Two-year collegesB.Four-year schoolsC.Train
14、ing companiesD.High schools五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Of all the depressing statistics about a lifetime of consumer existence, this may be the most distressing: each of us is destined to spend roughly 1.2 years on hold. More than a year of your life will be spent on th
15、e phone listening to Musk stations like Aura, Moonscapes, and Tropical Breezes while being serially apologized to by robotic voices better calibrated to taunt than sympathize.As you might have feared, theres nothing random about this common, near-death experience. Modern corporations, with the help
16、of psychologists, have actually made a science out of keeping you on the line, using harmonic soporifics in an effort to subdue your rage. They want you to enjoy the experienceor at least hate it lessin the hope that you will buy what they are selling when you finally get the chance. But where did t
17、he idea that music could be a tonic to calm angry consumers come from? What makes us happier., silence, music, or estimated wait times? And does the practice of interrupting hold music every 30 seconds with a message apologizing for, well, keeping you on hold, make the situation any better?Simon Mor
18、rison, a musicologist at Princeton University, says that we can thank a French composer named Erik Satire for the birth of background music. Though it hardly seems possible that the Musk pumped into malls could actually influence shoppers, the truth is, alas, that it does. James Cellars, a marketing
19、 professor at the University of Cincinnati, says that music can have an impact on a wide array of customers behaviors, changing their perception of time, conditioning them to associate a song with a brand, or limiting their ability to critically analyze a potential purchase due to musical distractio
20、n. Our brains have a finite bandwidth for taking in and processing information, and clogging that bandwidth with music is sometimes enough to prevent us from making rational purchasing decisions, or worrying about the time.An easy-listening version of “Rock and Roll All Nite“ might lower your barrie
21、r to spending $ 30 on gimmicky boxers, but not all music alleviates the frustrating experience of waiting on hold. Kellaris says that while musical distraction often causes time to feel like its passing more quickly, particularly dull, or overly familiar, music can actually make the wait feel longer
22、. Familiar music may act as a sort of “Zip file“, says Kellaris, referring to the common format computers use to compress large volumes of data into a smaller package. “If you hear an excerpt of a familiar piece of music, it might cue recall of the entire piece. “ Kellaris also cautions that numerou
23、s factors, including mindset and settingand in one of his studies, even genderdetermine the effect that background music has on us.Anta Rafaela, a professor at the Israel Institute of Technology, and her former graduate students Nina Munich or and Liad Weiss have looked specifically into what keeps
24、us on the lineand happy when were on hold. In a paper Munich or and Rafaela compared hold music, estimated wait times, and recorded apologies for their effectiveness. In the first of two experiments, Munichor and Rafaeli found that callers who were given information about their place in line reporte
25、d more positive experiences than those who were played background music. And as for recorded apologies? They can make the situation worse, said Rafaeli, since they interrupt background music without providing any useful information. In the second experiment, Munich or and Rafaeli found that the feel
26、ing of progressing toward the front of the line, rather than the perception of a short wait, improved caller reactions the most.Another surprising finding, said Rafaela, is that interactive voice response (IVR) systems can actually assuage our on-hold rage more effectively than music. Again, the mos
27、t important thing is the perception of moving toward a goal. “People like to complain about these Virus,“ said Rafaela, “but usually, I think, the complaints are because the systems are too long and too complicated. “All of which raises some disturbing possibilities. Would it be ethical for a compan
28、y to lie to you about your position in line if it made you feel better and promoted commerce by exposing you to a sales pitch, say, for cheap appetizers when you call the local pizza-delivery joint? What about charging you a fee to jump to the head of the line? The answers are not entirely clear, in
29、 part because the science of being on hold is still young and its ethical concerns largely unexplored.What is clear is that each day we grow more accustomed to life on hold. By the time intelligent robots rise up and become our overlords, they probably wont have to subjugate us, Terminator stylethey
30、ll simply lull us into servitude with Ninjas and pitch-perfect estimates of our place in the queue. Perhaps then well yearn for the good old days, when, at the very least, we got an apology for the inconvenience.（分数：5.00）(1).What does the author mean by saying “theres nothing random about this commo
31、n, near-death experience“?（分数：1.00）A.Music like Aura and Tropical Breezes is carefully chosen for festivals.B.The music is played on purpose to keep consumers on hold.C.Spending 1.2 years of the lifetime on the line is our destiny.D.Modern corporations bring us near-death experience.(2).According to
32、 James Cellars, which of the following is INCORRECT?（分数：1.00）A.Background music may let customers feel time pass more quickly instead of slowly.B.Certain music can lead customers to choose a certain brand of commodity.C.Distracted by background music customers may fail to choose items rationally.D.C
33、ustomers may forget time while shopping with music in the background.(3).According to the experiments by Anta Rafaela and her graduates, which can be the best idea for the benefit of a company?（分数：1.00）A.To play background music to the callers in the purpose of speeding up the process.B.To play read
34、y made robotic apologies to ease the feelings of waiting callers.C.To inform the callers of their position in the phone line.D.To tell the callers that they are moving near to the front of the line.(4).What would happen by the time when smart robots become our rulers?（分数：1.00）A.Robots will force hum
35、an beings to servitude in Terminator style.B.We might be apologized for the inconvenience caused.C.We will have to be completely accustomed to life on hold.D.We might be subject to the robots and follow their orders.(5).What is the authors attitude toward life on hold?（分数：1.00）A.Indignant.B.Worried.
36、C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When European education ministers met in Bologna in 1999 and promised within a decade to forge a common market for universities, it seemed mere Euro-rhetoric. Big obstacles stopped students nipping abroad for a term, or getting degrees recognized. Ma
37、ny countries offered no degree below Masters level. Some examined course modules separately, others all in one go. Under the Erasmus programmed many students traveled to other European countries for between a term and a yearbut they often found their universities reluctant to give them credit for it
38、.Yet on April 28th no fewer than 46 European education ministersfrom the European Union and 19 other countries, including Russia and Turkeywill gather in another ancient university city, Leaven, to declare the “Bologna process“ a triumph. A “European credit-transfer system“ is on its way; next year
39、will bring a “European higher education area“. There will be a standardized “diploma supplement“ giving details of what students have learnt. And three-year Bachelors degrees followed by two-year Masters are now the general rule, with few exceptions.“The big surprise was that the Bologna process wor
40、ked at all,“ says Jean-Marc Rapp, president of the European University Association. Bologna is neither an inter-governmental treaty nor an EU law. It credits the eastern European countries that joined Bologna in 1999 for some of the success. Their governments were itching to reform communist-era uni
41、versities and delighted to have a template for it and their students were wild to travel.Another reason why some governments embraced Bologna was to give cover for reforms they wanted anyway. Shorter, more work-related degrees appealed to the Germans, keen to stop students hanging on for years at ta
42、xpayers expense. In France, changes to university financing have been called “Bologna“. In Spain “Bologna“ is the excuse for introducing fees for Masters degrees.Many students now anathematize “Bologna“ as a capitalist plot. They plan protests in given; already, students have taken to the streets in
43、 France, Italy, Spain and Greece. The resemblance to the Anglo-American system, plus Bolognas emphasis on graduate employability, is big grievances. Some academics fret that the secret aim is to privatize universities. Bolognas endorsement of more autonomy could lead (horrors!) to more freedom for u
44、niversities in hiring, promotion and pay.Europe is littered with historic universities (Bologna is the oldest, founded in 1088). But the paucity of European institutions and the ubiquity of American ones at the top of international league tables are a constant reminder of the gap between glorious pa
45、st and mediocre present. For believers, Bologna shows the way to a future that will be glorious once more.Yet this vision of self-governing universities, footloose students and job ready graduates omits one big reason for European universities decline: money. In America, the gap between what governm
46、ents pay and what universities need is made up privately, mainly by tuition fees. In most of Europe students pay nothing. Even in England, tuition fees are capped by the government at low levels.Europes universities have seen funding per student fall behind wage inflation by 12% a year over three de
47、cades. America devotes far more of its GDP to higher education. Burgle, a Brussels-based think-tank, finds that universities carrying out top-class research and leading league tables have both more autonomy and more money. If Europe delivers only one of these, it may not be enough.（分数：5.00）(1).Which
48、 of the following is CORRECT about Bologna?（分数：1.00）A.It is an ancient university city.B.Bologna process is mere Euro-rhetoric.C.Bologna is an EU law.D.Bologna is the common market for universities.(2).We can infer from the passage that Jean-Marc Rapp（分数：1.00）A.gave full support to the Bologna proce
49、ss in 1999.B.gave credit to the European countries that joined Bologna in 1999.C.did not have much faith in the Bologna process at first.D.intended to make Bologna an inter-governmental treaty.(3).Why do some European governments accept Bologna?（分数：1.00）A.It brings shorter and more work-related degrees.B.These governments all benefit from it in certain ways.C.It saves money for tax
