1、专业八级-588 (1)及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The period of adolescence, i.e., the person between childhood and adulthood, may be long or
2、 short, depending on social expectations and on society“s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child l
3、abor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one“s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are
4、the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society. In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer
5、is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step i
6、mplies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It
7、is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train,
8、airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now
9、 can obtain a driver“s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the a
10、ge of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can write; he can buy liquor; he can enter into financial contracts; and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age alter majority status has been attained. No
11、ne of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.（分数：5.00）(1).The length of adolescence is decided by all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.the definition of maturity and adulthoodB.change in social and econom
12、ic conditionsC.industrialization of the societyD.development of science and technology(2).What can be a substitute for adolescence ceremonies?（分数：1.00）A.steps leading to recognitionB.increased social-economic statusC.adult privileges and responsibilitiesD.behavioral changes(3).In modern society, one
13、 can fully enjoy his adulthood privileges when he is no less than _ years old.（分数：1.00）A.12B.16C.18D.21(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE about a 22-year-old young man?（分数：1.00）A.He can get more basic rights than those of 21.B.He will get more and more rights as he grows older and older.C
14、.He has no more basic rights than when he was 21.D.He will enjoy more rights granted by society.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.one begins to be considered as an adult since 12B.one has to pay full fare before he is free from the restrictions of child labor lawsC.one begins
15、 to lose childhood privileges when he can obtain a driver“s licenseD.one can“t marry without parental permission until he can enter into financial contracts七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The trade and investment relationship between the European Union and the United States is the most important in the world
16、. Despite the emergence of competitors, Europe and America are the dynamo of the global economy. This economic relationship is a foundation of our political partnership, which we all know has been through a difficult patch. The identity of interest between Europe and America is less obvious than dur
17、ing the cold war. But while the trans-Atlantic relationship is becoming more complex, that does not make it less important. As European commissioner for trade, I do not agree that European and American values are fundamentally diverging, or that our interests no longer coincide. We still share a bel
18、ief in democracy and individual freedoms, and in creating opportunity and economic openness. We face the same security challenges. We look ahead to shared global problems: poverty, migration, resource crises, climate change. We need commitment and vision to redefine our relationship. I want to see a
19、 stronger and more balanced partnershipone in which Europe is more united, more willing to take its role in global leadership and one where the United States is more inclined to share leadership with Europe. We need to find ways to complement each other, not compete in the political arena. We will n
20、ot achieve either side of this equation without the other. Europe needs to build stronger foreign policies and to be ready to act on the world stage. But equally, the body language we see from America has a huge impact on how Europeans view the partnership. Our common interest requires a strong Euro
21、pe, not a weak and divided one. I hope that the United States will reinforce its historical support for European integration. I am fortunate now to take over an area of policy in which Europe is highly effective: trade. Our top trade priority on both sides of the Atlantic must be to put our weight b
22、ehind the multilateral Doha development agenda. Concluding this negotiation in a way that lives up to its ambition will bring enormous benefits. Collectively, we took a major step in reaching the framework agreement in Geneva last July, following the lead taken by the E.U. on agriculture export subs
23、idies. We now look to the United States and others to follow that lead, and we need to accelerate work in other areason industrial tariffs and servicesto achieve a balanced result. The Doha round of talks differs from any other in its focus on development. Europe and the United States must ensure th
24、at poorer countries are fully engaged and derive benefits. But the issues we need to tackle to stimulate growth and innovation in trans-Atlantic trade are not those on the Doha agenda. Our markets are relatively open and highly developed. We need to concentrate on removing regulatory and structural
25、barriers that inhibit activity. This is about cutting international red tape. Our regulatory systems and cultures are different, but that is where real gains can be made. As E.U. trade commissioner I want to develop an ambitious but practical trans-Atlantic agenda. I am not inclined to set rhetorica
26、l targets or launch lofty initiatives. I want a set of achievable goals. Work on trans-Atlantic deregulation will also contribute to the central goal of the new European Commission: promoting growth and jobs in Europe. I am not naive. I am not turning a blind eye to the inevitable disputes in trans-
27、Atlantic trade. They are relatively small as a proportion of total trade, but they make the headlines. They reflect the huge volume of our trade and investment flows. That is good. They also reflect our readiness to settle disputes in the World Trade Organization. That is also good. The WTO is the b
28、est example of effective multilateralism that the world has so far invented. I hope we will work together to uphold it. If multilateralism is to be worthwhile, it has to be effective and that goes for every part of the relationship between Europe and America.（分数：5.00）(1).The word “dynamo“ in the fir
29、st paragraph means _.（分数：1.00）A.machineB.powerC.sourceD.center(2).Why does the author long for the U.S.“s support for European integration?（分数：1.00）A.Because this is the need of both sides“ interests.B.Because the U.S. has long had a good relationship with Europe.C.Because the U.S. always takes its
30、role in global leadership.D.Because this could help build a strong partnership.(3).It can be inferred that trade barriers should be removed in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.earn more moneyB.make the markets more organizedC.ensure poorer countries“ engagementD.activate the trans-Atlantic trade(4).Which of th
31、e following is the aim of this article?（分数：1.00）A.To launch lofty initiatives.B.To settle the disputes in trans-Atlantic trade.C.To get a better understanding on the regulatory system and culture of America.D.To develop a practical trans-Atlantic agenda.(5).Which category of writing does the passage
32、 belong to?（分数：1.00）A.Narration.B.Description.C.Persuasion.D.Exposition.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)We know that he was baptized on April 26, 1564, so that somewhere between April 20 and April 23, four hundred years ago, was born an Englishman who possessed what was probably the greatest brain ever encas
33、ed in a human skull. William Shakespeare“s work has been performed without interruption for some three hundred and fifty years everywhere in the world. Scholars and students in every land know his name and study his work as naturally as they study their holy booksthe Gospels, the Torah, the Koran, a
34、nd the others. For centuries clergymen have spoken Shakespeare“s words from their pulpits; lawyers have used his sentences in addressing juries; doctors, botanists, agronomists, bankers, seamen, musicians, and, of course, actors, painters, poets, editors, and novelists have used words of Shakespeare
35、 for knowledge, for pleasure, for experience, for ideas and for inspiration. It is hard to exaggerate the debt that mankind owes. Shakespeare“s greatness lies in the fact that there is nothing within the range of human thought that he did not touch. Somewhere in his writings, you will find a full-le
36、ngth portrait of yourself, of your father, of your mother, and indeed of every one of your descendants yet unborn. The most singular fact connected with William Shakespeare is that there is no direct mention in his works of any of his contemporaries. It was as though he knew he was writing for the a
37、udiences of 1964 as well as for the audiences of each of those three hundred and fifty years since his plays were produced. On his way to the Globe Theater he could see the high masts of the Golden Hind in which Sir Francis Drake had circumnavigated the globe. He lived in the time of the destruction
38、 of the Spanish Armada, the era in which Elizabeth I opened the door to Britain“s age of Gloriana, and he must have heard of Christendom“s great victory at Lepanto against the Turks which forever insured that Europe would be Christian. Shakespeare“s era was as momentous as our own. Galileo was born
39、in 1564, the same year in which Shakespeare was born, and only a few years before John Calvin laid the foundation for a great new fellowship in Christianity. And yet Shakespeare in the midst of these great events, only seventy years after the discovery of America, did not mention an explorer or a ge
40、neral or a monarch or a philosopher. The magic of Shakespeare is that, like Socrates, he was looking for the ethical questions, not for answers. That is why there are as many biographies of a purely invented man Hamlet, as there are of Napoleon, Abraham Lincoln, or Franklin D. Roosevelt. We are not
41、sure of many things in this life except that the past has its uses and we know from the history of human experience that certain values will endure as long as there is breath of life on this planet. Among them are the ethics of the Hebrews who wrote the Decalogue, the Psalms, and the Gospels of the
42、Holy Bible, and the marble of the Greeks, the laws of Romans, and the works of William Shakespeare. There are other values which may last through all the ages of manBritain“s Magna Carta, France“s Rights of Man, and America“s Constitution. We hope so, but we are not yet sure. We are sure of Shakespe
43、are. Ben Johnson was a harsh critic of Shakespeare during his lifetime. They were contemporaries and competitors. Johnson, a great dramatist, did not like it when his play Cataline had a short run and was replaced by Shakespeare“s Julius Caesar, which had a long run. Yet when Shakespeare died, Johns
44、on was moved to a eulogy which he called “Will Shakespeare“: Triumph my Britain Thou has one to show To whom all scenes of Europe Homage owe. He was not of an age, but for all time.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, Shakespeare“s works _.（分数：1.00）A.are more popular among certain professionsB.hav
45、e words serious enough to be used in the courtC.have been popular for centuriesD.were not so popular at his time as they are today(2).In Shakespeare“s work, you can find portraits of all EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.people of the same time period with himB.ordinary people with different characteristicsC.your
46、 relatives and yourselfD.your unborn offspring(3).The word “momentous“ in the sixth paragraph means _.（分数：1.00）A.short-livedB.popularC.changeableD.eventful(4).The author mentioned the Holy Bible and the laws of Romans probably to _.（分数：1.00）A.summarize great works carrying everlasting human valuesB.
47、demonstrate the importance of ethical questionsC.illustrate Shakespeare“s works are of equal importanceD.compare Shakespeare“s works with them(5).The passage aims to _.（分数：1.00）A.present a brief introduction to ShakespeareB.comment on Shakespeare contributionC.appreciate Shakespeare“s worksD.discuss
48、 Shakespeare“s writing style九、TEXT D(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Many things make people think artists are weirdthe odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. But the weirdest may be this: artists“ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. Art today can gi
49、ve you anomie, no problem. Bittersweetness? You got it. Tristesse? What size you want that in? But great art, as defined by those in the great-art-defining business, is almost never about simple, unironic happiness. This wasn“t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boringin Tolstoy“s words, “All happy families are alike.“ We went from Wordsworth“s daffodils to B
