1、专业八级-586 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Whom can you trust these days? It is a question posed by David Halpern of Cambridge University, and the researchers at the Downing Street Strategy Unit who take an interest in “social capital“. In intervals they go around ask
2、ing people in assorted 1 nations the question: “Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted?“ The results are fascinated. The conclusion that leaps from the 2 figures and into sensational headlines are that social dislocation, 3 religious decline, public scandals, family fragme
3、ntation and the fear of crime have made us more trusting. Comparative surveys 4 over 40 years suggest that British trustfulness had halved: in the 5 1950s 60 per cent of us answered “yes, most people can be trusted“, in the 1980s 44 per cent, today only 29 per cent. Trust levels also continue to fal
4、l in Ireland and the USmeanwhile, the Norwegians, Swedes, Danes and Dutch express tremendous confidence in one and another“s honesty: levels are actually rising. 6 In Mexico and Japan the level of trust is also increasing, that is 7 interesting if mild bewildering. And the Palme d“Or (金棕榈奖) 8 for mu
5、tual suspect goes to the Brazilianswith less than 3 9 per cent replying “yes“and the Turks with 6.5 per cent The French, apparently, never trusted each other and still don“t. Nevertheless we 10 become less Scandinavian and more French (or Turkish) every year.（分数：30.00）_Some social scientists have cl
6、aimed that divorce harms children for the rest of their lives leading them to form marriages as happy as their parents“. But other recent studies say marital 11 breakups have mixed long-term effects, foster growth in some 12 children and the resolve to build happier marriages of their own. In suppor
7、t of the second viewpoint, a recent Pew Research Center study suggests that when divorced parents remarry, the 13 kids“ own marriages may benefit from the example of a parent“s second, happier union. Indeed, some 60% of children who grow up in stepfamilies say their marriages are closer than that of
8、 their own 14 biological parents, says the Pew survey of 2,691 adults, conduct 15 last October. Also, some 70% of people with step-relatives say they are very satisfied with their family lives, the Pew study shows. The study indicates that the stepkids may be benefiting 16 from a parent“s positive b
9、ond with a stepparent. Still, blood is thicker than water. The 42% of Americans who have at least one step-relative typically feel a strong sense of 17 obligation to their biological parent, child or sibling than their 18 step-relatives, the Pew survey says. Significantly higher percentages of corre
10、spondents said they would feel obligated to 19 provide financial help or care with a biological relative who was in 20 trouble, compared with those who would help a step-relative who was in trouble.（分数：30.00）_People learn languages all the time, and for all kinds of reasons. For example, you probabl
11、y have various reasons to study 21 English than your classmates. But have you ever thought about creating entirely new language from scratch? There“s been a boom 22 in made-up languages recently, driving by the epic “Lord of the 23 Rings“ and other fantasy movies and books. The trend has also fueled
12、 as more and more people venture online. There are 24 websites, discussion boards, and chat rooms that teach how to build a language, others that share new languages, and some that seek collaborators. Made-up languages aren“t restricted on Star 25 Trek fans and Esperanto speakers. It spends time and
13、 determination to create a new language. A 26 creator needs to do more than substitute existing words with invented ones. There“s rhythm and intonation to considerhow does the language sound when spoken? If it“s invented for humans 27 in a movie or book, how does biology change the sound? How does i
14、t represent the culture of the people who speak it? Then there are grammar rules, such as masculine and feminine nouns or verbs, word order, or the use of irregular verbs. Even if a simple language 28 can take years to develop. Yet the new languages don“t have the same sticking power as real languag
15、es like English. As for the made-up languages of today, there are an infinite number of reason behind their creation. 29 Some people do it as a hobby, another as a way to relax. Some just 30 like the challenge.（分数：40.00）_专业八级-586 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Whom
16、can you trust these days? It is a question posed by David Halpern of Cambridge University, and the researchers at the Downing Street Strategy Unit who take an interest in “social capital“. In intervals they go around asking people in assorted 1 nations the question: “Generally speaking, would you sa
17、y that most people can be trusted?“ The results are fascinated. The conclusion that leaps from the 2 figures and into sensational headlines are that social dislocation, 3 religious decline, public scandals, family fragmentation and the fear of crime have made us more trusting. Comparative surveys 4
18、over 40 years suggest that British trustfulness had halved: in the 5 1950s 60 per cent of us answered “yes, most people can be trusted“, in the 1980s 44 per cent, today only 29 per cent. Trust levels also continue to fall in Ireland and the USmeanwhile, the Norwegians, Swedes, Danes and Dutch expres
19、s tremendous confidence in one and another“s honesty: levels are actually rising. 6 In Mexico and Japan the level of trust is also increasing, that is 7 interesting if mild bewildering. And the Palme d“Or (金棕榈奖) 8 for mutual suspect goes to the Brazilianswith less than 3 9 per cent replying “yes“and
20、 the Turks with 6.5 per cent The French, apparently, never trusted each other and still don“t. Nevertheless we 10 become less Scandinavian and more French (or Turkish) every year.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：InAt解析 词汇错误。at intervals 是固定搭配，表示“不时地，每隔一段时间”。_正确答案：()解析：fascinatedfascinating解析 词汇错误。本句主语是 The resu
21、lts，此处应该表明结果是“有趣的，吸引人的”。fascinating 多用来修饰事物，表示“有趣的，吸引人的”，而 fascinated 常用来修饰人，表示“入迷的，被吸引的”，故此处应改为 fascinating。_正确答案：()解析：areis解析 语法错误。本句主语不是 headlines，也不是 figures，而是 conclusion，that leaps from.headlines 是定语从句，用来修饰 conclusion，因此谓语应该用单数 is。_正确答案：()解析：moreless解析 语篇错误。根据下文提到的各国信任度的不断下降，可以推断出此处 more 是不符合语
22、境的。且前半句提到的社会混乱、宗教衰落、公众丑闻、家庭破裂以及对犯罪的恐惧这些负面的因素，应该是造成我们不那么信任的原因。故将 more 改成 less。_正确答案：()解析：hadhas解析 语法错误。suggest 在本句中表示“暗示，说明”，主句是一般现在时，从 over 40 years 可以判断这里强调的是英国的信任度在 40 年来的变化，所以用现在完成时表示动作从过去持续到现在，而不是用过去完成时。_正确答案：()解析：and and 解析 词汇错误。首先 one and another 的表述是不正确的。另外，此处讨论的是各个国家信任度的变化，挪威人、瑞典人、丹麦人、荷兰人对人相
23、互间的诚实正直表示了极大的信心。one another 是固定词组，表示“相互”，故删掉 and。_正确答案：()解析：thatwhich 或thatand解析 语法错误。本句是非限制性定语从句，用 which 指代前面整句话的内容，表明“在墨西哥和日本，信任度也在提高，这个现象虽然有些令人不解，倒也很有趣”。本句也可以在 that 前加连词 and 表并列，that 则变成指示代词，指代前一句话的内容。_正确答案：()解析：mildmildly解析 语法错误。if 后所接的形容词与前面的 interesting 形成语义上的转折。mild 和 bewildering 均为形容词，但两者并非并
24、列关系。此处应将 mild 改为其副词形式 mildly 修饰bewildering，表示程度上的“温和”。_正确答案：()解析：suspectsuspicion解析 词汇错误。suspect 作名词表示“嫌疑人，嫌疑犯”。本句意为“相互猜忌的金棕榈奖非巴西人和土耳其人莫属”，此处是以一种幽默的方式来表明巴西人和土耳其人的信任度较低。“猜疑，怀疑”应该用 suspicion，而不是 suspect。_正确答案：()解析：NeverthelessSo/Therefore解析 语篇错误。斯堪的纳维亚人(Scandinavian)主要指丹麦、挪威、瑞典等北欧国家的人们。该段中间用一系列的数据表明英国
25、人的信任度在直线下降，由此可以判断英国人越来越不像斯堪的纳维亚人，而越来越法国化了。最后一句是对前文的总结，从上下文的语义来判断，句间的逻辑关系应为因果关系。Some social scientists have claimed that divorce harms children for the rest of their lives leading them to form marriages as happy as their parents“. But other recent studies say marital 11 breakups have mixed long-term
26、effects, foster growth in some 12 children and the resolve to build happier marriages of their own. In support of the second viewpoint, a recent Pew Research Center study suggests that when divorced parents remarry, the 13 kids“ own marriages may benefit from the example of a parent“s second, happie
27、r union. Indeed, some 60% of children who grow up in stepfamilies say their marriages are closer than that of their own 14 biological parents, says the Pew survey of 2,691 adults, conduct 15 last October. Also, some 70% of people with step-relatives say they are very satisfied with their family live
28、s, the Pew study shows. The study indicates that the stepkids may be benefiting 16 from a parent“s positive bond with a stepparent. Still, blood is thicker than water. The 42% of Americans who have at least one step-relative typically feel a strong sense of 17 obligation to their biological parent,
29、child or sibling than their 18 step-relatives, the Pew survey says. Significantly higher percentages of correspondents said they would feel obligated to 19 provide financial help or care with a biological relative who was in 20 trouble, compared with those who would help a step-relative who was in t
30、rouble.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：happyunhappy解析 语篇错误。本句开头提到“一些社会科学家曾经声称，离婚会伤害孩子一辈子”，接下来用词组 lead to(导致)表示后果，即结婚后子女们的婚姻会像父母一样不幸，所以 happy在此处不符合上下文语境，应该改为 unhappy。_正确答案：()解析：fosterfostering解析 语法错误。逗号前面提到“但近期另外一些研究表明，婚姻破裂造成的长期影响有好有坏”，逗号后面的内容是对长期影响的进一步解释，即“促进部分子女成长，并使他们下定决心为自己建立更幸福的婚姻关系。”此处应该用现在分词作伴随状语，故改成 fos
31、tering。_正确答案：()解析：whenif解析 语篇错误。本句逗号前面提到“离婚父母各自再婚”。后面说“父母的第二次结合更幸福，可能会成为子女的榜样，从而造福于子女的婚姻。”从句子之间的逻辑关系来判断，此处不是强调动作在时间上的一致性，不能用 when，前者是实现后者的条件，故用 if。_正确答案：()解析：thatthose解析 语法错误。本句将 their marriages(子女的婚姻)与 their own biological parents“ marriages(他们亲生父母的婚姻)作比较，此处指代的是 marriages，应改为复数 those。_正确答案：()解析：con
32、ductconducted解析 语法错误。本句的谓语应该是 says，所以 conduct，只能用非谓语形式，这里 conduct 是用来修饰前面的 Pew survey，并且是被动关系，故用 conduct 的过去分词形式conducted 作后置定语。_正确答案：()解析：the (stepkids) the 解析 词汇错误。本句是说“这项调查说明，继子女或许正受益于亲生父/母与继母/父之间的积极婚姻关系。”后文提到的 a parent 和 a stepparent 都是泛指，因此相应的stepkids 也是泛指，故去掉定冠词 the。_正确答案：()解析：strongstronger解析
33、 语法错误。本句后半部分出现了比较词 than，而从该段开头提到的“血浓于水”可知，此处应该是指对亲生父母的义务感更强烈，故用 stronger。_正确答案：()解析：thanto解析 语法错误。than 后面出现的是 their step-relatives，此处显然不是将主语42%的美国人与继亲作比较，而是将“对亲生父母、亲生子女或亲兄弟姐妹的义务感”与“对继亲的义务感”进行比较，即 obligation to their step-relatives，此处省略 obligation，故应在 than 后面加上介词 to。_正确答案：()解析：correspondentsresponden
34、ts解析 词汇错误。correspondent 表示“记者”，与上下文不符。前一句是在描述调查的结果，与调查有关的应该是“被调查的对象”，用 respondent 比较合适，表示“受访者”，本句是指“相当高比例的受访者说”。_正确答案：()解析：withfor解析 词汇错误。provide sth. for sb. 是常用表达，表示“给某人提供某物”，注意应与 provide sb. with sth. 区分开来，两种表达意思一致，但 sth. 和 sb. 位置不同，所用介词也不同，本题应该把 with 改成 for。People learn languages all the time, and for all kinds of reasons. For example, you probably have various reasons to study 21 English than your classmates. But have you ever thought about creating entirely new language from scratch? There“s been a boom 22 in made-up languages recently, dr
