1、专业八级-582 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING this theoretical position 26 regarded the older forms of language to be the pure forms. 27 By the Nineteenth Century there was a severe reaction to the highly speculative nature of the philosophizing about the original language of man which had cha
2、racterized much of the study of language up until then. The interest was still historical, and the 28 goal was not so idealistic. It was a romantic era of a rediscovery of the national past; the mother tongues of nations and families of nations rather than the mother tongue of the whole human race b
3、ecame the focus of attention. The romantic nationalism was a definite influence, but perhaps a more basic cause of the more real 29 goal was the reaction to previously unscientific speculations. 30 （分数：25.00）_Schools throughout the world are experiencing a period of rapid change and, in many cases,
4、are finding that extremely 31 difficult to achieve a balance among a number of critical concerns. Some of the issues that educators and schools are facing include certainty about what academic and cultural knowledge and skills 32 will be needed by students in the future, wholesale revisions of curri
5、cula, experimentation in teaching strategies, the need for teachers and students to become aware and competent in using 33 new technologies, dramatic changes in bureaucratic and legislating 34 policies and regulations, and increased demands on teachers. With the exception of the education system in
6、the United States, perhaps no education system has been studied more 35 intensively than of Japan. In 2001, in a well-balanced presentation 36 of the Japanese model of schooling, including its similarities to and fro differences with that in the United States, Tsuneyoshi 37 characterized the America
7、n approach to education as one that places an emphasis on competitiveness, individual attention from teachers along with individual accomplishment on the part of students, development of cognitive abilities, and separation of teachers in terms of their disciplines. In contrary, the Japanese 38 appro
8、ach (particularly at the elementary school level) focuses on the “whole child“; close interactions between teachers and pupils for long periods of time in cooperative settings with attention to collected goals, tasks, and rewards; and efforts to provide the same 39 or very similar treatment for all
9、students. One advantage of the American approach that is seriously missed in the Japanese 40 approach is the former“s attention to diversity and a sensitivity and concern for minority rights.（分数：25.00）_专业八级-582 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING this theoretical position 26 regarded the older
10、 forms of language to be the pure forms. 27 By the Nineteenth Century there was a severe reaction to the highly speculative nature of the philosophizing about the original language of man which had characterized much of the study of language up until then. The interest was still historical, and the
11、28 goal was not so idealistic. It was a romantic era of a rediscovery of the national past; the mother tongues of nations and families of nations rather than the mother tongue of the whole human race became the focus of attention. The romantic nationalism was a definite influence, but perhaps a more
12、 basic cause of the more real 29 goal was the reaction to previously unscientific speculations. 30 （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：tendedintended解析 词汇错误。tend to do 表示“倾向于做”，intend to do 表示“想要，打算做”，此处要表达的意思是“博物学家想要证明语言的起源与那些直接反映其所指物意义的词相关。”故应把 tend 改为 intend，符合上下文语义。_正确答案：()解析：was was 解析 语法错误。此句的主语核心词：forum 与谓语
13、动词 develop 之间是主动关系，应该用主动语态，意为“第一个语言哲学论坛最终发展成了对语言形式规则性的讨论”，故要把 was 删掉。_正确答案：()解析：mergedemerged解析 词汇错误。merge 意为“合并，相融”，emerge 意为“形成，出现”，此处要表达的意思是“形成了解释语言框架的两大基本理论观点。”故应该用 merge 的形近词 emerge，符合上下文语义。_正确答案：()解析：latterthe解析 词汇错误。前句提到了两种基本的理论观点：语言是规则的和不规则的，此处指第二种观点，表示两者之中的“后者”前面需要加上定冠词 the。_正确答案：()解析：basis
14、that解析 语法错误。此处是同位语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，故需要用从属连词that 引导，且不能省略。_正确答案：()解析：properimproper解析 语篇错误。此句前面说到语言会逐渐出现错误(corrupted)，而此处则说恰当的用法，前后语义矛盾，故应改为反义词 improper，与前面语义保持一致。_正确答案：()解析：purepurer解析 词汇错误。本句前面用了比较级 the older forms，相应地此处也应该用比较级，表示“这种理论观点认为越旧的语言形式越纯正。”故应把 pure 改为 purer。_正确答案：()解析：andbut解析 语篇错误。由上下文语义判断
15、，本句与前半句之间应该是转折关系，不是并列关系，前半句指出人们的兴趣仍然是从历史的角度解释语言，本句则指出目标不是理想主义的，前后形成对照，故应改为表转折关系的连词 but。_正确答案：()解析：realrealistic解析 词汇错误。real 意为“现实的，真实的”，强调真实存在的，realistic意为“实际可行的，现实主义的”，此处和上文的 idealistic goal(理想主义的目标)相对，故应该用realistic，表示“现实主义的目标”。_正确答案：()解析：previouslyprevious解析 词汇错误。previously 为副词，意为“事先，先前”，此处若用来修饰 u
16、nscientific，则语义不对，故应改为形容词形式 previous(先前的，以前的)，作定语，和unscientific 一起修饰 speculations。Schools throughout the world are experiencing a period of rapid change and, in many cases, are finding that extremely 31 difficult to achieve a balance among a number of critical concerns. Some of the issues that educa
17、tors and schools are facing include certainty about what academic and cultural knowledge and skills 32 will be needed by students in the future, wholesale revisions of curricula, experimentation in teaching strategies, the need for teachers and students to become aware and competent in using 33 new
18、technologies, dramatic changes in bureaucratic and legislating 34 policies and regulations, and increased demands on teachers. With the exception of the education system in the United States, perhaps no education system has been studied more 35 intensively than of Japan. In 2001, in a well-balanced
19、presentation 36 of the Japanese model of schooling, including its similarities to and fro differences with that in the United States, Tsuneyoshi 37 characterized the American approach to education as one that places an emphasis on competitiveness, individual attention from teachers along with indivi
20、dual accomplishment on the part of students, development of cognitive abilities, and separation of teachers in terms of their disciplines. In contrary, the Japanese 38 approach (particularly at the elementary school level) focuses on the “whole child“; close interactions between teachers and pupils
21、for long periods of time in cooperative settings with attention to collected goals, tasks, and rewards; and efforts to provide the same 39 or very similar treatment for all students. One advantage of the American approach that is seriously missed in the Japanese 40 approach is the former“s attention
22、 to diversity and a sensitivity and concern for minority rights.（分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：thatit解析 语法错误。此句的宾语是不定式短语 to achieve a balance，这里需要用 it 充当形式宾语，构成 find it difficult to do.结构，而 that 不能充当形式宾语，故要改为 it。_正确答案：()解析：certaintyuncertainty解析 语篇错误。根据上下文语义，上一句提到了很难在诸多问题之间获得平衡，故可以推断教育家和学校对学生将来需要什么知识和技能应该是不确定
23、的，所以才会成为面临的问题之一，需把 certainty 改为 uncertainty，表示“不确定，未知”。_正确答案：()解析：awareof解析 词汇错误。此处 aware and competent 并列充当系动词 become 的表语，此句后面接了动名词短语 using new technologies，故 aware 后面应该加上介词 of，意为“知道的，意识到的”。_正确答案：()解析：legislatinglegislative解析 词汇错误。legislating 为动词 legislate 的现在分词形式，可以充当名词，而此处需要一个形容词与 bureaucratic 一起
24、来修饰 policies and regulations，故应改为形容词形式 legislative，意为“立法的，法制的”。_正确答案：()解析：educationother解析 词汇错误。根据上下文语义，上一句已指出除了美国的教育以外，故此处应该加上限定词 other，说明没有其他的教育制度比日本的受到了更广泛的研究。_正确答案：()解析：ofthat解析 语法错误。此句用了比较级，对其他国家的 education system 和日本的进行比较，故应该加上 that，指代日本的教育制度。_正确答案：()解析：fro fro 解析 词汇错误。短语 to and fro 意为“来来回回”，放
25、在此处不符合句意。这里的to 是与 similarities 搭配，意为“与的相同点”，它们与 and 后的 differences with 共同接宾语that(指代教育模式)，表示“与美国教育模式的相同点和不同点”。由此可知 fro 是多余的，应删掉。_正确答案：()解析：contrarycontrast解析 词汇错误。in contrast 为固定搭配，表示“相反”。故应该把contrary 改为 contrast。_正确答案：()解析：collectedcollective解析 词汇错误。collected 作形容词意为“镇静的，泰然自若的”，collective 意为“共同的，集体的”，此句要表达的意思是“集体的目标、任务和回报”，故应该用collective，符合文意。_正确答案：()解析：missedmissing解析 词汇错误。missed 作形容词意为“错过的”，missing 意为“缺少的；丢失的；失踪的”，此句要表达的意思是“美国教育方式的一个长处，同时也是日本教育方式严重缺乏的一点，那就是注重学生的多元化发展和关注少数人的权利。”故应改为 missing，符合文意。
