1、专业八级-581 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Changes in the technology of communication are occurring so rapidly that we human beings now move through a cloud of messages as densely as a locust-storm. Every new device increases 1 the speed and the outreach of the last,
2、and young people are now governed by the gadgets in their hands, which don“t merely contain their lives and also to a great extent dictate them. 2 Of course, the print media still exist. There are old-fashioned people like myself who make a living by writing things, and old-fashioned people like you
3、, who support us by reading, or at any rate buy, what we write. But maybe it“s only people like us 3 who are able really to regret for the changes that are sweeping 4 away so much that we depended upon. The rest of the world is caught up in the torrent of gadgets, each new model is designed to 5 rel
4、ieve its owner of one more source of spiritual exercise or one 6 more obstacle to fun. Memory now exists behind a screen. Very few is stored in our heads, and our recollections drift in cyberspace 7 like asteroids, unconnected to the orbit in which we move. Written letters are a thing of past, and e
5、ssays are downloaded 8 from the sites devoted to them. Research means surfing the web, and as for social lifethis is a matter of tweeting and twittering as one drifts through cyberspace. Facebook friendships bubble up in a moment, and consist of a mutual agreement between strangers to 9 put themselv
6、es on display. More and more does it seem that putting yourself on display is what it is all about, which there is 10 nothing more to love and friendship than being mutually visible.（分数：30.00）_Language is fantastically complex. Its built-in means of combining and recombining (nesting) of its various
7、 levels have 11 suggested to many leading linguists that language is theoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage. 12 It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significant leveling out of language any more than one could detect by observation that the sun is burning i
8、tself out. As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that 13 the restructuring process of language overrides the streamlining process resulted in a qualitative positive development of 14 language. If we decide that language did originally develop, possibly evolving animal communication
9、, we can only do 15 so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle. This type 16 of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-Nineteenth Century “speculative grammar“ which was pre-scientific in modem 17 sense of the word. However, the observable data neither indicate that such a
10、 18 period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they 19 suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or process of simplification that would have to have come into operation at some time after such a pre-historic development. Noam Chomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of th
11、e twentieth century, has indicated that human language and animal communication are not even comparative entities because they 20 are so different.（分数：30.00）_Poetry doesn“t matter to most people. One has to wonder if poetry has any place in the 21st century, when music videos and satellite televisio
12、n offer daunting competition for poems, which demand a good deal of attention and considerate analytic skills, as 21 well as some knowledge of the traditions of poetry. In the 19th century, poets like Scott, Byron, and Longfellow had huge audiences around the world. Their works were best sellers, ye
13、t they were cultural heroes as well. But readers had few 22 choices in those days. One imagines, perhaps false, that people 23 actually liked poetry. It provided them with narratives that entertained and inspired. They gave them words to attach to their 24 feelings. They enjoyed folk ballads, too. I
14、n the sense, music and 25 poetry joined hands. In the 20th century, something went to amiss. Poetry became 26 “difficult“. That is, poets began to reflect the complex of modern 27 culture, its fierce disjunctions. The poems of Ezra Pound, Hilda Doolittle and T.S. Eliot asked a lot of the reader, inc
15、luding a range of cultural references to topics when even in the early 1900s had 28 become little known. To read Pound and Eliot with easy, for 29 instance, one needed some knowledge of Greek and Latin poetry. That kind of learning had been fairly common among educated readers in the past. The same
16、could be said for most readers in the 30 （分数：40.00）_专业八级-581 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Changes in the technology of communication are occurring so rapidly that we human beings now move through a cloud of messages as densely as a locust-storm. Every new device i
17、ncreases 1 the speed and the outreach of the last, and young people are now governed by the gadgets in their hands, which don“t merely contain their lives and also to a great extent dictate them. 2 Of course, the print media still exist. There are old-fashioned people like myself who make a living b
18、y writing things, and old-fashioned people like you, who support us by reading, or at any rate buy, what we write. But maybe it“s only people like us 3 who are able really to regret for the changes that are sweeping 4 away so much that we depended upon. The rest of the world is caught up in the torr
19、ent of gadgets, each new model is designed to 5 relieve its owner of one more source of spiritual exercise or one 6 more obstacle to fun. Memory now exists behind a screen. Very few is stored in our heads, and our recollections drift in cyberspace 7 like asteroids, unconnected to the orbit in which
20、we move. Written letters are a thing of past, and essays are downloaded 8 from the sites devoted to them. Research means surfing the web, and as for social lifethis is a matter of tweeting and twittering as one drifts through cyberspace. Facebook friendships bubble up in a moment, and consist of a m
21、utual agreement between strangers to 9 put themselves on display. More and more does it seem that putting yourself on display is what it is all about, which there is 10 nothing more to love and friendship than being mutually visible.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：denselydense解析 语法错误。此处 as.as结构作后置定语，用来修饰 messa
22、ges，相当于从句 which are as.as，故应该用形容词形式，把 densely改为 dense，此处意为“像蝗虫风暴一样密集的信息。”_正确答案：()解析：andbut解析 词汇错误。此句前面的 merely相当于 only。应该用 not only.but also.结构连接两个谓语 contain和 dictate，表示“他们手中的通讯产品不仅包括了他们的生活而且还在很大程度上控制着他们。”_正确答案：()解析：buybuying解析 词汇错误。此处动词 buy和前面的 reading并列，与介词 by连用作方式状语，而不是和 support并列作谓语，故应改为动名词形式 bu
23、ying。_正确答案：()解析：for for 解析 词汇错误。此处 regret意为“对感到遗憾，后悔”，作及物动词，后面不需要介词，故要删除 for。_正确答案：()解析：is is 或eachand 解析 语法错误。从结构来看，前后两个分句都是完整的句子，需要有一个连词连接，前后两句在意义上是并列的关系，故可以加上连词 and。或者把后一个分句的谓语 is去掉，过去分词 designed和逻辑主语 each new model构成独立主格结构。_正确答案：()解析：spiritualmental解析 词汇错误。spiritual 意为“精神的，心灵的”，与“肉体的”相对而言。mental
24、 意为“智力的，脑力的”，此处要表达的意思是“脑力活动”，故应该把 spiritual改为mental。_正确答案：()解析：fewlittle解析 词汇错误。few 可作名词，用来指代可数名词，little 也可作名词，用来指代不可数名词，此处指代 memory，故应该用 little。_正确答案：()解析：pastthe解析 词汇错误。此处 past作名词，意为“过去”，常和 the搭配使用，此句的意思是“书信已经是陈年往事。”_正确答案：()解析：ofin解析 词汇错误。consist of 意为“由组成”，consist in 意为“存在于”，此句要表达的意思是“网络友谊存在于和陌生人
25、之间的一个协议中，即双方愿意相互展示自己。”_正确答案：()解析：whichthat解析 语法错误。此处的从句和前面的 that从句并列，作句中的表语，且句中不缺少任何成分，应该用从属连词 that引导，故把 which改为 that。Language is fantastically complex. Its built-in means of combining and recombining (nesting) of its various levels have 11 suggested to many leading linguists that language is theore
26、tically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage. 12 It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significant leveling out of language any more than one could detect by observation that the sun is burning itself out. As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that 13
27、the restructuring process of language overrides the streamlining process resulted in a qualitative positive development of 14 language. If we decide that language did originally develop, possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do 15 so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid prin
28、ciple. This type 16 of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-Nineteenth Century “speculative grammar“ which was pre-scientific in modem 17 sense of the word. However, the observable data neither indicate that such a 18 period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they 19 suggest a
29、cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or process of simplification that would have to have come into operation at some time after such a pre-historic development. Noam Chomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentieth century, has indicated that human language and animal communica
30、tion are not even comparative entities because they 20 are so different.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：havehas解析 语法错误。此句的主语核心词为 means，表示“方式，手段”，是单数名词，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词也应该用单数形式，故把 have改为 has。_正确答案：()解析：practicalpractically解析 词汇错误。此处和前面的 theoretically(理论上)相对，用来修饰 so，故应该用副词形式 practically，表示“实际上”。_正确答案：()解析：conscious
31、aware解析 词汇错误。as far as I am aware 为固定短语，表示“就我所知”，相当于 as far as I know。aware 在此处意为“知道的，明白的”，侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”，而conscious侧重“心理感知”，故应该把 conscious改为 aware。注意 as far as I am concerned表示“就我而言”，表达的是自己的观点，而下文是关于语言学家的观点，故不宜改为 concerned。_正确答案：()解析：resultedresulting解析 语法错误。此处分词短语作状语，表示结果，与句子前面的部分是主动关系，相当于 which
32、results in，应该用现在分词形式，故改为 resulting。_正确答案：()解析：evolvingfrom解析 词汇错误。evolve 作“进化”解时，常为不及物动词，此处需加上介词from与后面的 animal communication搭配，表示“由动物语言进化而来”，符合上下文语义。_正确答案：()解析：by by 解析 词汇错误。此句中分词短语 assuming.to be.(假定，认为)作状语，表示条件，相当于 if we assume.，by 在此处是多余的，故应该删掉。_正确答案：()解析：modernthe解析 词汇错误。sense 在此处作名词，意为“意义，意思”，
33、是可数名词，此处特指 evolution这个词的现代意义，故前面应该加上定冠词 the。_正确答案：()解析：HoweverFurthermore/Moreover解析 语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，此段与前段之间应该是递进关系，不是转折关系。前段指出“人类语言是由动物语言进化而来”的观点是一种谬误；本段接着指出观察得到的数据也不能论证人类语言起源于动物语言这一观点，是对前段更进一步的解释说明，故应改为表示递进关系的副词 Furthermore或 Moreover。_正确答案：()解析：theydo解析 语法错误。此句用了 neither.nor.的结构，表示“既不也不”，nor是表示否定意义的
34、连词，放在句首时主谓语应该部分倒装，故此处应该在主语 they前面加上助动词do。_正确答案：()解析：comparativecomparable解析 词汇错误。comparative 意为“比较的，相对的”，comparable表示“可比较的，比得上的”，此句要表达的意思是“人类语言和动物语言甚至都不是可以比较的实体，因为二者之间的差别太大了。”故应该用 comparable。Poetry doesn“t matter to most people. One has to wonder if poetry has any place in the 21st century, when music videos and satellite television offer daunting competition for poems, which demand a good deal of attention and considerate analytic skills, as 21 well as some knowledge of the traditions of poetry. In the 19th century, poets like Scott, Byron,
