1、专业八级-576 及答案解析(总分：-22.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)Besides “American“ characteristicsindividualism, self-reliance, informality, punctuality and direct ness, there are also some “national traits“ could also be identified. Some of the national traits: 1)
2、Being friendly. There are all kinds of friendships for Americans, such as 1 1. 1 2 2) Having many questions. Some of American“s questions are 3 3. 3 4 3) Internationally naive. Many Americans are not very knowledgeable about international geography or world 5 5. 5 6 4) Be nervous about silence. Talk
3、ing about 7 7is always a good way to 7 8 break silence in a conversation. 5) Open and eager to 9 9. 9 10 Cultural rules that make Americans more comfortable with you: 1) Queuing up. 2) Blow their noses into a tissue. It“s considered to be rude to spit, clear phlegm or 11 11. 11 12 3) Avoid to slurp,
4、 chew noisily or open your mouth while chewing. 4) Never asking questions about a person“s age, financial affairs, cost of clothing or personal belongings, 13 13 or sex life. 13 14 5) It“s not common for men to hold hands or link 15 15 in public with other 15 16 men. Some tips on personal safety: 1)
5、 Do not walk alone at night. 2) When you leave your room, apartment, or automobile, make sure that all doors are locked and all windows are 17 17 17 18 3) Do not carry too much cash or wear jewelry of great value. 4) Never accept a ride from a stranger. 5) Be careful of purses and wallets, especiall
6、y in crowded 19 19 19 20 6) Avoid resisting the robbers unnecessarily. （分数：-1.00）三、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)（分数：-1.00）(1).Which word is not used by Norberg-Hodge to describe the Ladakhi people?（分数：-0.20）A.Open.B.Happy.C.Self-protected.D.Humble.(2).Why was the Lad
7、akhi culture damaged?（分数：-0.20）A.Because India and China fought there.B.Because it becomes dependent on the import.C.Because the Indian government regarded this region as the front in war.D.Because the developing ways introduced are against the realities there.(3).As far as tourism concerned, local
8、people _.（分数：-0.20）A.think their culture is being destroyedB.feel it is a pity to lose the paradiseC.have different ideas from the foreignersD.are fully aware of the consequences(4).Ladakhi people think that the Westerns _.（分数：-0.20）A.are not richB.need not to workC.are unintelligentD.have the same
9、lives as those of them(5).Ladakhi people usually _.（分数：-0.20）A.have few interests in the information provided by Norberg-HodgeB.can understand the informationC.feel ashamed of their backwardness after knowing about the outside worldD.know how the outside world is五、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Questions
10、 6 to 8 are(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)（分数：-0.99）(1).How could the researchers explore the mummy now?（分数：-0.33）A.Separate it.B.Use 3-D tech.C.Put something in it.D.Remove something from it.(2).How can we get 3-D images?（分数：-0.33）A.Use CAT and SGI.B.Use photograph.C.Use medicine.D.Use software.(3).With more stud
11、y, we could identify _.（分数：-0.33）A.objects within the wrappingsB.Nesperennub“s ageC.his faceD.A, B and C七、Questions 9 and 10 a(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)（分数：-1.00）(1).The reasons why the church wanted to burn Harry Potter books didn“t include that _.（分数：-0.50）A.it believed that the books were an abhorrence to
12、GodB.it believed that the books would weaken the communication with GodC.it believed that the existence of God had been confused by the bookD.it believed that the books would ruin the lives of many young people(2).Which statement is not true?（分数：-0.50）A.The stories of Harry Potter are criticized in
13、some other cities in U.S except New Mexicon.B.Young people are fascinated with Harry Potter.C.Christian churches hate Harry Potter.D.Pastor Jack Brock planned to burn the Harry Potter books on Sunday.八、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)I cry easily. I once burst into tears whe
14、n the curtain came down on the Kirov Ballet“s “Swan Lake“. I still choke up every time I see a film of Roger Bannister breaking the “impossible“ four-minute mark for the mile. I figure I am moved by witnessing men and women at their best. But they need not be great men and women, doing great things.
15、 Take the night, some years ago, when my wife and I were going to dinner at a friend“s house in New York city. It was sleeting. As we hurried toward the house, with its welcoming light, I noticed a car pulling out from the curb. Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking spacea rar
16、e commodity in crowded Manhattan. But before he could do so another car came up from behind, and sneaked into the spot. “That“s dirty pool.“ I thought. While my wife went ahead into our friend“s house. I stepped into the street to give the guilty driver a piece of my mind. A man in work clothes roll
17、ed down the window. “Hey,“ I said, “this parking space belongs to that guy,“ I gestured toward the man ahead, who was looking back angrily. I thought I was being a good Samaritan, I guessand I remember that the moment I was feeling pretty manly in my new trench coat. “Mind your own business!“ the dr
18、iver told me. “No,“ I said. “You don“t understand. That fellow was waiting to back into this space.“ Things quickly heated up, until finally he leaped out of the car. My God, he was colossal. He grabbed me and bent me back over the hood of his car as if I was a rag doll. The sleet stung my face. I g
19、lanced at the other driver, looking for help, but he gunned his engine and hightailed it out of there. The huge man shook his rock of a fist of me, brushing my lip and cutting the inside of my mouth against my teeth. I tasted blood. I was terrified. He snarled and threatened, and then told me to bea
20、t it. Almost in a panic, I scrambled to my friend“s front door. As a former Marine, as a man, I felt utterly humiliated. Seeing that I was shaken, my wife and friends asked me what had happened. All I could bring myself to say was that I had had an argument about a parking space. They had the sensit
21、ivity to let it go at that. I sat stunned. Perhaps haft an hour later, the doorbell rang. My blood ran cold. For some reason I was sure that the bruiser had returned for me. My hostess got up to answer it, but I stopped her. I felt morally bound to answer it myself. I walked down the hallway with dr
22、ead. Yet I knew I had to face up to my fear. I opened the door. There he stood, towering. Behind him, the sleet came down harder than ever. “I came back to apologize,“ he said in a low voice. “When I got home, I said to myself, “what right I have to do that?“ I“m ashamed of myself. All I can tell yo
23、u is that the Brooklyn Navy Yard is closing. I“ve worked there for years. And today I got laid off. I“m not myself. I hope you“ll accept my apology.“ I often remember that big man. I think of the effort and courage it took for him to come back to apologize. He was man at last. And I remember that af
24、ter I closed the door, my eyes blurred, as I stood in the hallway for a few moments alone.（分数：-1.00）(1).From the passage, we can infer that the author is what kind of person?（分数：-0.20）A.Poor.B.Sensitive.C.Exciting.D.Dull.(2).On what occasion is the author likely to be moved?（分数：-0.20）A.A young perso
25、n cheated of the best things in life.B.A genius athlete breaks a world record.C.A little girl suffers from an incurable disease.D.When the curtain comes down on a touching play.(3).What does “dirty pool“ at the end of the second paragraph mean?（分数：-0.20）A.Improper deeds.B.Bribery.C.Chicanery.D.Dirty
26、 transaction.(4).Why didn“t the writer“s wife and friends ask him what had happened?（分数：-0.20）A.They sensed that something terrible happened, they didn“t dare to ask.B.They were afraid that the writer might lose face if they asked.C.They“ d like to let it be for it was not their business.D.They trie
27、d to calm the writer in this way.(5).What touched the writer in the end?（分数：-0.20）A.The big man“s courage to admit his mistake.B.The big man“s sincerity and confession.C.The big man“s wretched experience.D.The mart at his best.十、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)People are moving to cities in droves. In 1950, t
28、wo-thirds of the world“s population lived in the country side. New York was then the only settlement with more than 10 million people. Today there are 20 such megacities, and more are on their way. Most of these megacities are in developing countries that are struggling to cope with both the speed a
29、nd the scale of human migration. Estimates of the future spread of urbanization are based on the observation that in Europe, and in North and South America, the urban share of the total population has stabilized at 75%- 85%. If the rest of the world follows this path it is expected that in the next
30、decade an extra 100 million people will join the cities of Africa, and 340 million the cities of Asia: the equivalent of a new Bangkok every two months. By 2030 nearly two-thirds of the world“s population will be urban. In the long run, that is good news. If countries now industrializing follow the
31、pattern of those that have already done so, their city-dwellers will be both more prosperous and healthier. Man is gregarious species, and the words“ urbane“ and“ civilized“ both derive from the advantages of living in large settlements. History also shows, though, that the transition can be uncomfo
32、rtable. The slums of Manchester were, in their time, just as awful as those of Nairobi today. But people moved there for exactly the same reason: however nasty conditions seemed, the opportunities of urban life outstripped those of the countryside. The question is how best to handle the change. If t
33、here is one thing that everybody agrees on, it is that urbanization is unstoppable. Migrants attempting to escape poverty, and refugees escaping conflict, are piling into cities in what the executive director of UN HABITAT, Anna, Tibailjuka, describes as“ premature urbanization.“ Dr Tibaijuka believ
34、es it might be possible to slow the pace of migration from the countryside with policies that enhance security and rural livelihoods. There is room for debate, though, over whether better rural development in any form can seriously slow the pace of urbanization- or even whether such a slowdown would
35、 be a good thing. Michael Mutter, an urban planning adviser at the British government“s Department for International Development (DFID), says that the relevant indicators suggest that in many countries the effective“ carrying capacity“ of rural areas has been reached. As happened in Europe in the 18
36、th century, population growth and technological improvements to agriculture are creating a surplus population. That surplus has to go some where to earn its living. Indeed, some people go so far so to argue that governments, international donors and aid agencies spend too much on rural development a
37、nd neglect the cities. Most countries have a rural development policy, but only a few have urban ones. DFID, for example, spends only 5% of its budget directly on urban develop ment. Moreover, these critics point out that, although rural areas often have worse sanitation, illiteracy and homelessness
38、 than cities, such figures are deceptive. Being illiterate, homeless or without access to a flush toilet are far more serious problems in a crowded city than in the countryside. Of the many lessons being learnt from past urban-development failures, one of the most important is that improvements must
39、 involve local people in a meaningful way. Even when it comes to the poorest slum dwellers, some governments and city authorities are realizing that people are their own greatest assets. Slumdwellers International is a collection of “grassroots“ federations of people living in slums. Its idea is sim
40、ple. Slum-dwellers in a particular place get together and form a federation to strengthen local savings and credit schemes, and to lobby for greater co-operation with the authorities. Such federations are having a big impact on slum-upgrading schemes around the world. By surveying local needs and ac
41、ting as voices for slum-dwellers, these federations have been able to show the authorities that slum-dwellers are not simply a homogenous and anonymous mass of urban poor, but are real people in need of real services. They have also been able to apply pressure for improvements in security of tenuree
42、ither through temporary guarantees of residency or, better still, formal ownership. Such secure tenure gives people an incentive to improve their dwellings and is thus the crucial first step to upgrading a slum into a suburb. Over the past six years, South Africa“s government has been pursuing an ac
43、tive programme of housing improvement. The government quickly realized that, with the poor in the majority, providing social housing for all would be impossible. The minister for housing, Sakie Mthembi-Mahanyele, says the approach that has worked so far has been a combination of government, the priv
44、ate sector and the poor themselves. The poor, says Mrs. Mthembi-Mahanyele, have responsibilities, and the government meets them halfway. Those with an income are expected to contribute some of it to the building of their houses. Those without are asked to contribute“ sweat equity“ by helping to buil
45、d with their own hands. South Africa has also transferred ownership of more than 380,000 council houses, worth more than 28 billion rand ($2.7 billion) to private individuals. With these houses as collateral for loans, owners have already started to upgrade and improve their properties. There is sti
46、ll a long way to go. An estimated 2-3 million more houses are needed. She adds that the government is still wrestling with financial institutions to get a better deal for the poor.（分数：-1.00）(1).The passage is mainly concerned with _.（分数：-0.25）A.the side effects of urbanizationB.megacities in develop
47、ing countriesC.the causes behind immigration to citiesD.ways to slow down the pace of immigration(2).It can be inferred from the passage that Nairobi is _.（分数：-0.25）A.a megacity with slumsB.a palace of hunger and conflictC.an industrialized cityD.a rural area with a surplus population(3).Anna Tibaij
48、uka (para. 5) and Michael Mutter (para.7) seem to differ over _.（分数：-0.25）A.the benefits of urbanizationB.the process of urbanizationC.the causes of urbanizationD.the cost of urbanization(4).According to the passage, some slumdwellers are not interested in improving their environments because they _
49、.（分数：-0.25）A.are unsure of their residencyB.dislike urbanizationC.are used to the president environmentD.are homogeneous and anonymous十一、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)If you have ever dreamed of slipping into the comforting softness of a cashmere sweater you should follow the example of the habitual wearers and make sure that it has been knitted in the Scottish Borders nothing else will do for them as it is pure luxury. But what makes Scottish Borders Cashmere so special? To begin with the Border knitters insist on using only the best cashme
