1、专业八级-562 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author among things that are inherited from ancestors?（
2、分数：1.00）A.Complexion.B.Diseases.C.Adaptation ability.D.Intelligenc(2).People are likely to have a higher cholesterol level in winter because（分数：1.00）A.they tend to take in less vitamin D in that season.B.they do less exercise and become weaker than usual.C.they need to eat much more greasy food to k
3、eep warm.D.they get less sun to convert cholesterol into vitamin(3).Which of the following is TRUE about eye protection from sunburn?（分数：1.00）A.We can drink celery juice to prevent our eyes from being tanned.B.We should wear sunglasses after 10-munite exposure to the sun.C.We can do without eyewear
4、when we go out on a sunny day.D.We should put on sunglasses as soon as we go out in the sun.(4).Which of the following is NOT the authors view?（分数：1.00）A.Asians are at a higher risk of alcoholism.B.Organic vegetables are not always safer.C.We may rust from absorbing too much iron.D.Moderate amount o
5、f sun exposure is goo(5).Whats the main content of the book Survival of the Sickest?（分数：1.00）A.It gives conventional account for medicine.B.It introduces the dietary regime for the sick.C.It sees various medical issues in new light.D.It offers tips on survival in the wilderness.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：
6、5.00)Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What is Mr. Sarkozys purpose of visiting Westminster Abby?（分数：1.00）A.To address both Houses of Parliament.B.To enjoy a glitter
7、ing state banquet.C.To honor the unknown soldier.D.To meet Prince Charles and his wif(2).Which of the following indicates the exact sequence of the places Sarkozy will visit?（分数：1.00）A.Windsor CastieWestminster AbbyRoyal GalleryB.Royal GalleryWestminster AbbyWindsor CastleC.Westminster AbbyWindsor C
8、astleRoyal GalleryD.Westminster AbbyRoyal GalleryWindsor CastleQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What is the main idea of the news item?（分数：1.00）A.Seals have been r
9、uthlessly hunted in Canada.B.EU considers measures against Canada on seal hunt.C.Canada encourages hunters to take pelts from seals.D.EU has already banned Canadian seal products.(2).What has been the major concern of EU over a wider ban since the 1983 barring?（分数：1.00）A.It might affect hunters and
10、their communities.B.It might destroy free trade within ELI.C.It might invite retaliation from Canada.D.It might be criticized by animal activists.1. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.Whic
11、h of the following is TRUE about the explosion?（分数：1.00）A.9 people were in critical condition.B.Some sport utility vehicles were damaged.C.2 people were wounded by the blast.D.A small patch of sand was burnt black.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Margaret Spellings, the secr
12、etary of education, announced a pilot reform to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), George Bushs education law, which was passed in 2002 Up to ten states, she said, would be allowed to target their resources at the most severely struggling schools, rather than at the vast number needing improvement
13、. The change drew a predictable mix of praise and censure. Above all, though, it was a reminder of utter inaction elsewhere.Congress, which was supposed to re-authorize the law last year, has made little progress. On the campaign trail, concerns over Iraq and the economy have made education a minor
14、issue. Contrary to appearances, the laws main tenets are unlikely to be abandoned completely. But for the Democratic candidates in particular, a proper debate on NCLB is to be avoided like political quicksand.Most politicians agree that the law has the right goalsto raise educational standards and h
15、old schools accountable for meeting them. NCLB requires states to test pupils on math and reading from third to eighth grade (that is, from the ages of eight to 13), and once in high school. Some science testing is being added. Schools that do not make “adequate yearly progress“ towards meeting stat
16、e standards face sanctions. Pupils in failing schools can supposedly transfer to a better one or get tutoring.Most also agree that NCLB has big flaws that must be fixed. Few pupils in bad schools actually transferless than 1% of those eligible did so in the 200304 school year. Teachers unions say th
17、e tests are focused too narrowly on math and reading, fail to measure progress over time and encourage “teaching to the test“. They also complain that the law lacks proper funding. The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, a conservative policy group, has exposed wide gaps in state standards. Test-data refl
18、ect this. In Mississippi 90% of fourth-graders were labeled “proficient“ or better in the state reading test in 2006-07. Only 19% reached that level in a national test.John McCain, the Republican presidential nominee, offers NCLB tepid support but fails to elaborate. At Democratic rallies, NCLB is l
19、ittle more than a whipping-boy. Hillary Clinton proclaims that she will “end the unfunded mandate known as No Child Left Behind“. But though she and Barack Obama deride NCLB publicly, each endorses the idea of accountability. They favor using more sophisticated “assessments“ in place of tests, want
20、to value a broader range of skills, punish schools less and support them more. How these ideas would be implemented remains unclear.Not surprisingly, more controversial proposals can be found among those not running for president. Chester Finn of Fordham thinks the federal government needs greater p
21、ower to set standards, while states should have more leeway in meeting them. A bipartisan commission on NCLB has issued a slew of proposals. Particularly contentious is a plan to use pupils test scores to help identify ineffective teachers as in need of retraining.Of course, standards alone do not i
22、mprove education. Both Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Obama propose a host of new programs for schools, described on their websites if rarely on campaign. But accountability is likely to remain a big part of school reform. Last April a group of philanthropists announced a $60m effort to make education the top
23、 domestic issue of 2008. So far, it looks like money iii spent.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, NCLB mainly aimed to（分数：1.00）A.provide tests for pupils on maths and reading from third to eighth grade.B.add some science testing in schools for pupils aged from 8 to 13.C.enhance teaching standard
24、s which schools should be responsible for meeting.D.transfer pupils in falling schools to a better one or get them some tutorin(2).The word “sanctions“ in the third paragraph means（分数：1.00）A.approval.B.punishment.C.support.D.decre(3).Which of the following is NOT a weakness of NCLB?（分数：1.00）A.The la
25、w has been properly funded.B.Only a few pupils in bed schools transfer.C.The tests are focused on nothing but maths and reading.D.The tests actually encourage “teaching to the test“.(4).From the descripton in the passage, we learn that（分数：1.00）A.controversial proposals can be found only among the pr
26、esidential nominees.B.using pupils test scores to identify ineffective teachers has been widely accepted.C.both Democratic presidential nominees support the idea of accountability.D.neither the Republican nor the Democratic presidential nominees favor NCL七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When catastrophic floo
27、ds hit Bangladesh, TNTs emergency-response team was ready. The logistics giant, with headquarters in Amsterdam, has 50 people on standby to intervene anywhere in the world at 48 hours notice. This is part of a five-year-old partnership with the World Food Program (WFP), the UNs agency that fights hu
28、nger. The team has attended to some two dozen emergencies, including the Asian tsunami in 2004. “Were just faster,“ says Ludo Oelrich, the director of TNTs “Moving the World“ program.Emergency help is not TNTs only offering. Volunteers do stints around the world on sec-ondment to WFP and staff are e
29、ncouraged to raise money for the program (they generated enro2.5m last year). There is knowledge transfer, too: TNT recently improved the school-food supply chain in Liberia, increasing WFPs efficiency by 15-20%, and plans to do the same in Congo.Why does TNT do these things? “People feel this is a
30、company that does more than take care of the bottom line,“ says Mr. Oelrich. “Its providing a soul to TNT.“ In a 2006 staff survey, 68% said the pro-bono activities made them prouder to work at the company. It also helps with recruitment: three out of four graduates who apply for jobs mention the WF
31、P connection. Last year the company came top in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.TNTs experience illustrates several trends in corporate philanthropy. First, collaboration is in, especially with NC, Os. Companies try to pick partners with some relevance to their business. For.TNT, the food program
32、 is a good fit because hunger is in part a logistical problem. Standard Chartered, a bank, is working with the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee on microfinance and with other NGOs on a campaign to help 10m blind people.Coca-Cola has identified water conservation as critical to its future as th
33、e worlds largest drinks company. Last June it announced an ambitious collaboration with WWF, a global environmental organization, to conserve seven major freshwater fiver basins. It is also working with Greenpeace to eliminate carbon emissions from coolers and vending machines. The co-operation is s
34、trictly non-financial, but marks a change in outlook. “Ten years ago you couldnt get CocaCola and Greenpeace in the same room,“ says Neville Isdell, its CEO.Second, what used to be local community work is increasingly becoming global community work. In the mid-1990s nearly all IBMs philanthropic spe
35、nding was in America; now 60% is outside. Part of this involves a corporate version of the peace corps: young staff get one-month assignments in the developing world to work on worthy projects. The idea is not only to make a difference on the ground, but also to develop managers who understand how t
36、he wider world works.Third, once a formal program is in place, it becomes hard to stop. Indeed, it tends to grow, not least because employees are keen. In 1996 KPMG allowed its staff in Britain to spend two hours a month of their paid-for time on work for the community. Crucially for an accountancy
37、firm, the work was given a time code. After a while it came to be seen as a business benefit. The program has expanded to half a day a month and now adds up to 40,000 donated hours a year. And increasingly it is not only inputs that are being measured but outputs as well. S, a software firm, tries t
38、o measure the impact of its volunteer programs, which involved 85% of its employees last year.All this has meant that straightforward cash donations have become less important. At IBM, in 1993 cash accounted for as much as 95% of total philanthropic giving; now it makes up only about 35%. But cash s
39、till matters. When Hank Paulson, now Americas treasury secretary, was boss of Goldman Sachs, he was persuaded to raise the amount that the firm chipped in to boost employees charitable donations. Now it is starting a philanthropy fund aiming for $1 billion to which the partners will be encouraged to
40、 contribute a share of their pay. No doubt that is good for the banks soul.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, TNT offers all of the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.emergency help in the floods in Bangladesh.B.emergency help in the Asian tsunami in 2004.C.volunteer work for World Food Program.D.conser
41、vation of seven major freshwater river basins.(2).From the third paragraph, we get the impression that TNTs pro-bono activities（分数：1.00）A.take care of the bottom line.B.help improve corporate image.C.are mentioned by all job applicants.D.are the main concern of the company.(3).Which of the following
42、 is NOT an NGO)?（分数：1.00）A.The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee.B.WWF.C.Goldman Sachs.D.Greenpeac(4).An the followings describe the trends in corporate philanthropy EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.collaborations with NGOs.B.globalized community work.C.growth trend of formal programs.D.increase of both input
43、and output(5).This passage is mainly about（分数：1.00）A.corporate culture.B.corporate philanthropy.C.corporate financing.D.corporate imag八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Vibrations in the ground are a poorly understood but probably widespread means of communication between animals.It seems unlikely that these an
44、imals could have detected seismic “pre-shocks“ that were missed by the sensitive vibration-detecting equipment that clutters the worlds earthquake laboratories. But it is possible. And the fact that many animal species behave strangely before other natural events such as storms, and that they have t
45、he ability to detect others of their species at distances which the familiar human senses could not manage, is well established. Such observations have led some to suggest that these animals have a kind of extra-sensory perception. What is more likely, though, is that they have an extra sensea form
46、of perception that people lack. The best guess is that they can feel and understand vibrations that are transmitted through the ground.Almost all the research done into animal signaling has been on sight, hearing and smell, because these are senses that people possess. Humans have no sense organs de
47、signed specifically to detect terrestrial vibrations. But, according to researchers who have been meeting in Chicago at a symposium of the society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, this anthropocentric approach has meant that interactions via vibrations of the ground (a means of communication
48、 known as seismic signaling) have been almost entirely over-looked. These re- searchers believe that such signals are far more common than biologists had realizedand that they could explain a lot of otherwise inexplicable features of animal behavior.Until recently, the only large mammal known to pro
49、duce seismic signals was the elephant seal, a species whose notoriously aggressive bulls slug it out on beaches around the world for possession of harems of females. But Caitlin OConnell-Rodwell of Stanford University, who is one of the speakers at the symposium, suspects that a number of large terrestrial mammals, including rhinos, lions and elephants also use vibration
