1、专业八级-561 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)American Jazz Musician Louis ArmstrongArmstrong was born in New Orleans. He was so poor during his childhood that sometimes (1) garbage cans for supper. The spirit of Armstrongs world not (2) by:1) the
2、(3) of poverty and2) the dangers of wild living. Armstrongs life before 1920s:1) Armstrongs dancing for pennies and (4) for his supper with a strolling quartet of other kids.2) Having his dreams like other American boys, regardless of his point of social (5) .3) The places he played and the people h
3、e knew were sweet and (6) at one end of the spectrum and rough at the other.4) Experiences, pomp, humor, erotic charisma, grief, majesty, the profoundly gruesome and monumentally spiritual came into his (7) . Armstrongs life from 1920 on:1) Armstrong would be angry if somebody intended to challenge
4、him.2) Musicians were used to have “cutting sessions“: battles of (8) and stamina.3) The melodic and rhythmic vistas Armstrong (9) solved the mind-body problem.Louise Armstrong was so great that the big bands sounded like him, their featured improvisers took direction from him, and every school of j
5、azz since has had to address how he (10) the basics of the idiom-swing, blues, ballads and Afro-Hispanic rhythms.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What subject is Mr. Pitt good at?（分数：1.00）A.Art.B.French.C.German.D.Chemistry
6、.(2).What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare time?（分数：1.00）A.Doing a bit of acting and photography.B.Going to concerts frequently.C.Playing traditional jazz and folk music.D.Travelling in Europe by hitch-hiking.(3).When asked what a managers role is, Mr. Pitt sounds_.（分数：1.00）A.confidentB.hesitantC.r
7、esoluteD.doubtful(4).What does Mr. Pitt say he would like to be?（分数：1.00）A.An export salesman working overseas.B.An accountant working in the company.C.A production manager in a branch.D.A policy maker in the company.(5).Which of the following statements about the management trainee scheme is TRUE?（
8、分数：1.00）A.Trainees are required to sign contracts initially.B.Trainees performance is evaluated when necessary.C.Trainees starting salary is 870 pounds.D.Trainees cannot quit the management scheme.四、SECTION C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you w
9、ill be given 10 seconds to answer the question.（分数：5.00）(1).Around how many tons of hazardous waste does the world produce each year?（分数：1.00）A.150 million.B.1.50 million.C.15 million.D.50 million.(2).Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 1
10、0 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news.Now the U.S. economy growth rate is_.（分数：1.00）A.higher than 1995 to 2000B.lower than 1973 to 1995C.as good as 1995 to 2000D.the same as 1993 to 1995(3).Dale Jorgenson points out that the 2.78 grow rate will be continued in th
11、e next_.（分数：1.00）A.2 yearsB.10 yearsC.20 yearsD.5 years(4).Question 9 is based on the following news. At the end of the. news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the newsA family business can be anything but _.（分数：1.00）A.selling candy barsB.hotel chainsC.pass down
12、 from generationsD.run by the state(5).Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.How do the fireflies control the blinking?（分数：1.00）A.By their nerve cells.B.They blink automatically.C.By seeing
13、the mates.D.By the gas nitric oxide.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Scientists have long believed that constructing memories is like playing with neurological toys. Exposed to a barrage of sensations from the outside world, we connect together brain cells to form new patter
14、ns of electrical connections that stand for images, smells, touches and sounds.The most unshakable part of this belief is that the neurons used to build these memory circuits are depletable resource, like petroleum or gold. We are each given a finite number of cells, and the supply gets smaller each
15、 year. That is certainly how it feels as memories blur with middle age and it gets harder and harder to learn new things. Maybe its time for this notion to be forgotten-or at least radically revised.In the past two years, a series of confusing experiments has forced scientific researchers to rethink
16、 this and other assumptions about how memory works. The perplexing results of these experiments remind scientists how much they have to learn about one of the last great mysteries-how the brain keeps a record of our individual passage through life, allowing us to carry the past inside our head.This
17、much seems clear: the traces of memory-or engrams as neuroscientists call them-are first forged deep inside the brain in an area called the hippocampus. This area stores the engrams temporarily until they are transferred somehow (perhaps during sleep) to permanent storage sites throughout the cerebr
18、al cortex. This area, located behind the forehead, is often described as the center of intelligence and perception. Here, as in the hippocampus, the information is thought to reside in the form of neurological scribbles, clusters of connected cells.Until now our old view of brain functionality has b
19、een that these patterns ate constructed from the supply of neurons that have been in place since birth. New memories dont require new neurons-just new ways of connecting the old ones together. Retrieving a memory is a matter of activating one of these circuits, coaxing the original stimulus back to
20、life.6. The picture appears very sensible. The billions of neurons in a single brain can be arranged in countless combinations, providing more than enough clusters to record even the richest life. If adult brains were cranking out new neurons as easily ad skin and bone from new cells, it would serve
21、 only to scramble memorys delicate ornamental pattern.Studies with adult monkeys in the mid-1960s seemed to support the belief that the supply of neurons is fixed at birth. Therefore the surprise when Elizabeth Gould and Charles Gross of Princeton University reported last year that the monkeys they
22、studied seemed to be producing thousands of new neurons a day in the hippocampus of their brain. Even more surprising, Gould and Gross found evidence that a steady stream of the fresh cells may be continually moving to the cerebral cortex.No one is quite sure what to make of these findings. There ha
23、d already been hints that spawning of brain cells, a process called neurogenesis, occurs in animals with more primitive nervous systems. For years, Fernando Nottebohm of Rockefeller University has been showing that canaries create a new batch of neurons every time they learn a song, then slough them
24、 off when its time to change tunes.But it was widely assumed that in mammals and especially primates this manufacture of new brain parts had long ago been phased out by evolution. With a greater need to store memories for a long time, these creatures would need to ensure that the engrams werent disr
25、upted by interloping new cells.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the old view of memory?（分数：1.00）A.The neurons used to build the memory are a depletable resource.B.The reason of memory loss as one grows older is that the neurons are worn out with the increase of age.C.New memo
26、ries do not need the supply of new neurons in the brain.D.All of above.(2).How does the brain function according to the old view?（分数：1.00）A.The traces of memory are made in an area called hippocampus.B.The hippocampus stores long-term memory.C.The hippocampus is located behind the forehead.D.The inf
27、ormation is stored in only the hippocampus, not in cerebral cortex.(3).We used to think that the neurons_.（分数：1.00）A.need to be constructed in new patterns to store the new informationB.can be arranged to forge countless new cells to record informationC.can be produced easily as skin and bone grow n
28、ew cellsD.all of above(4).What did the experiments of Gould and Gross and Fernando show according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The old notion of memory is wrong.B.The results of these experiments support the old view of neurons.C.Animals have lost the ability to manufacture new brain parts.D.The new br
29、ain cells will disrupt engrams.(5).What is the right meaning of the phrase “phase out“ in Para.9?（分数：1.00）A.Interlope.B.Stop.C.Improve.D.Arrange.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the
30、 reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of peo
31、ple who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in t
32、he current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.When Dr Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. (Well, she had writt
33、en to “other quality newspapers“ too.) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didnt file copy on time; some who did send too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr Nieholls.There remains the dinner-pa
34、rty game of whos in, whos out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr J
35、ohn Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Chris
36、ties entry in Missing Persons)notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America).It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists
37、 and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: “Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manus
38、cript painter attest to his versatility.“ Then there had to be more women, too (12 per cent, against the original DBNs 3), such as Roy Strongs subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: “Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her techniq
39、ue remained awkward, thin and often cursory.“ Doesnt seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J.W.Clerke as a contributor, though, as a lat
40、er edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, “except for the entry in the List of Contributors there is no trace of J.W. Clerke/（分数：5.00）(1).The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume _.（分数：1.00）A.because it is not worth the priceB.because it has fewer entries than beforeC
41、.unless one has all the volumes in his collectionD.unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly(2).On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that _.（分数：1.00）A.the editors had clear rules to followB.there were too many criminals in the entriesC.the editors clearly
42、 favoured benefactorsD.the editors were irrational in their choices(3).Crippen was absent from the DNB _.（分数：1.00）A.because he escaped to the U.S.B.because death sentence had been abolishedC.for reasons not clarifiedD.because of the editors mistake(4).The author quoted a few entries in the last para
43、graph to _.（分数：1.00）A.illustrate some features of the DNBB.give emphasis to his argumentC.impress the reader with its contentD.highlight the people in the Middle Ages(5).Throughout the passage, the writers tone towards the DNB was _.（分数：1.00）A.complimentaryB.supportiveC.sarcasticD.bitter八、TEXT C(总题数
44、：1，分数：5.00)If you traveled on one of the nations Interstates in these last few days before Memorial Day, you might have encountered an unusual sight; bikers by the dozens stretched half a mile down the highway, their motorcycles flying military banners and spewing exhaust.They are an intimidating bu
45、nch. Sheathed in leather from the neck down, they look like physical extensions of their bikes. But these riders are no motley crew. They are members of Rolling Thunder, a nationwide network of veterans and their supporters. Their destination: the Rolling Thunder Memorial Day rally on the National M
46、all in Washington.Rolling Thunder, which has thousands of members, was founded in 1987 when some Vietnam veterans and advocates for P. O. W. s and M. I. A. s befriended one another on the mall. They were looking for a special way to promote their cause. Ray Manzo of Hoboken, N. J. , now a former mar
47、ine, suggested motorcycles. The idea grabbed them. Masses of bikes descending on Washington would literally sound like Rolling Thunder, the code name for the bombing campaign over North Vietnam.In its first year, the Memorial Day rally drew 2,500 bikers. Now, nearly two decades later, hundreds of th
48、ousands of bikes join in.“When you put 200,000 bikes together,“ said Michael DePaulo, a Vietnam veteran from Berkley, Mass. who helps organize and run the rally, “it sounds like a B-52 strike.“One rider is Steve Britton, a former marine from Dillon, Colo. With his leather vest, cowboy boots and griz
49、zled mutton chops, he resembles a sheriff in a western county. And like many of his comrades, Mr. Britton is very much a modern cowboy. “I love the freedom and the air and the bugs in my teeth,“ he said of his attraction to motorcycles.Riding also renews Mr. Brittons sense of self-worth, which he said he lost after he received hostile and indi
