1、专业八级-558 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Clocks through TimeIt took human being a long time to invent diverse ways for telling time. About 3000 years ago people first made a circle with a stick in the center of it to (1) the passage of time by
2、 noticing various marks on the circle the shadow of the stick fell across.Since these kinds of circles that are called (2) did not work without the sun, men had to find other ways to keep track of time, including a (3) candle on which each stripe took about one hour to melt, a water clock which had
3、a line with a number beside it for every hour and an (4) which followed the invention of glass blowing.The first clock with a face and an hour hand was invented about 600 years ago for few people. With the gradually (5) use of clocks, they were beautifully (6) , though they could not keep correct ti
4、me. Scarcely had clocks been made small enough to be carried when watches came into use.As the beginning of the style of “grandfather clocks, “ which were enclosed in tall wooden boxes, the (7) clock was made in 1657. In 1700, there were clocks with minute and second hands. About 200 years later, a
5、clock is commonly used in every house and a watch is almost used by every (8) gentleman.A newly created clock that shows the time exactly is so - called (9) clock. Nowadays such a clock has more and more complicated functions.(10) as clocks and watches are, time means different things to different n
6、ations.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).How old is the minivan the Lady is looking at?（分数：1.00）A.One year old.B.Three years old.C.Five years old.D.Seven years ol(2).What is the vehicles mileage?（分数：1.00）A.55,000 miles.B.65,
7、000 miles.C.75,000 miles.D.8,5000 miles.(3).What is the problem with the minivans door?（分数：1.00）A.It has several scratches in it.B.It will not open properly.C.It is missing the door handle.D.It has no seats covers.(4).What is one thing the extended warranty would NOT cover on the vehicle according t
8、o the conversation?（分数：1.00）A.A faulty oil pump.B.A malfunctioning gage.C.A worn out brake drum.D.An engin(5).If the manager lowered the price as the salesman suggests, what would the final price be?（分数：1.00）A.15,475.B.15,575.C.15,675.D.15,775.四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)Questions 6 yet the great stum
9、bling block to implementing the second stage of this plan could be thwarted by the corporate sectors inability to find commercial enterprises interested in using recycled goods especially when the cost of exceeds those of virgin materials.Recycling is a crucial link protecting our planet. The three
10、keys mentioned are important to achieving this end.（分数：5.00）(1).What would be the best title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Important Keys to Recycling PaperB.Technological Advances Improve RecyclingC.Steps to Improving RecyclingD.Best Ways to Protect Our Environment(2).According to the article, paper
11、materials that are difficult to recycle include _.（分数：1.00）A.copy paperB.document shredC.food wrappersD.bottles and cans(3).In some cases, recycling could be hazardous to the environment if special precautions are not taken because _.（分数：1.00）A.industrial emissions are sometimes created in the proce
12、ssB.chemical waste is sometimes produced as a resultC.a great deal of energy is expended to create new productsD.there are a lot of bacteria in waste things(4).According to the passage, the demand for recyclable materials in the manufacturing of new products is sometimes sluggish because _.（分数：1.00）
13、A.some governments are unwilling to support expensive recycling methodsB.there is a lack of advanced technology to process the materialsC.businesses do not invest enough money into researchD.people dont like waste things(5).Which is NOT one of the main keys to recycling as mentioned in the passage?（
14、分数：1.00）A.Government regulation of waste.B.A more informed public.C.Better technology.D.More demand for recycled materials.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In the US, poll after poll has shown a majority in favour of animal experimentation, even without statements about its value. Why is opinion in Britain so
15、 different? I think that there are two reasons.The first is the success of antivivisection campaigners in lampooning animal research as outdated, intentionally cruel, “bad“ science, which achieves nothing. All drugs and procedures developed with the help of animal tests are said to be dangerous. The
16、 occasional failure of animal testing to identify a dangerous drug is developed as an argument for abandoning safety tests involving animals altogether-with no mention of the terrible human suffering that this would cause. They say that “alternative“ methods already exist for all animal experiments,
17、 but the fact is that the law specifically forbids animal use if there is any alternative.The second reason is that scientists and doctors have failed to oppose such misrepresentation. In the early 1990s, animal rights campaigning in the US was met with much more forthright defense, not only by the
18、major scientific societies, funding agencies and medical organizations, but also by the US government.To be positive, there are many encouraging features of the New Scientist poll. Interestingly, the public seems to employ the same kind of utilitarian philosophy that underpins the law in Britain-wei
19、ghing potential benefits against the species involved (thus, monkeys are more “valuable“ than mice) and the likelihood of suffering.Clearly, people in Britain do not recognize the essential link between animal research and testing and the medical treatments that they receive. Only 18 percent of thos
20、e who had taken (or had a close family member who had taken) a drug prescribed for a serious illness realized that the drug had been tested on animals, as all drugs are. Obviously, a large majority of those surveyed believe that they can happily benefit from medical treatment without taking advantag
21、e of animal research. No wonder so many people oppose it when asked the straight yes/no question.The views of the public must be respected. But this poll tells us that, while they are open to persuasion, their reaction is based on misunderstanding. The responsibility for providing honest evidence fo
22、r the public lies not just with those who use animals in their research, but with other scientists who depend on that work. It lies with the doctors who benefit from animal research, with the pharmaceuticals and biotech industries, and the medical charities and funding agencies whose work would be c
23、rippled without it. But most of all, responsibility rests with government, which should cultivate serious and transparent debate between those of different opinion, and provide the public-especially young people-with the honest evidence they need and deserve.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first sentence of Par
24、agraph 3, “such misrepresentation“ refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.the idea that other methods can be substituted for animal researchB.the claim that animal experiment is intentionally cruelC.the belief that all drugs developed with animal tests are dangerousD.the fact that scientists and medical organizatio
25、ns support animal experimentation(2).In the authors opinion, why do more people in Britain oppose animal experiments?（分数：1.00）A.Because they are kinder than those in the United States.B.Because they dont know the benefits resulting from animal tests.C.Because most of the medicines dont need animal e
26、xperiments to work well.D.Because some scientists use rare species for their medical experimentation.(3).According to the author how to correct the situation?（分数：1.00）A.Only some animals should be used for research.B.Scientists and doctors should respect the views of the public.C.The benefits of ani
27、mal tests should be made widely known.D.The debate on animal tests be put to s serious public poll.(4).What is the authors attitude towards animal research?（分数：1.00）A.Negative.B.Questioning.C.Neutral.D.Positiv(5).The passage is mainly concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.supporting a positionB.refuting some
28、argumentsC.describing a caseD.presenting a new perspective八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things“-physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used-that a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and
29、 way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things“ in it, of course, are musical instruments We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph (留
30、声机) was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documen
31、ts, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Easteru influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is mate
32、rial culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety becaus
33、e they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation (乐谱) has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.One more important part of musics material cultur
34、e should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette recorder, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information revolution“, a twentieth-century phenomenon
35、 as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations, they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.（分数：5.00）(1).Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _.（分数：1.00）A.it helps produ
36、ce new cultural tools and technologyB.it can reflect the development of the nationC.it helps understand the nations past and presentD.it can demonstrate the nations civilization(2).It can be learned from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near
37、 Eastern and Chinese musicB.Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestraC.the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD.the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of N
38、ear Eastern music(3).According to the author, music notation is important because _.（分数：1.00）A.it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read itB.it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musiciansC.it is the printed version of standardized folk
39、musicD.it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs(4).It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _.（分数：1.00）A.has brought about an information revolutionB.has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computersC.has give
40、n rise to new forms of music cultureD.has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments(5).Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.B.Music cannot be pas
41、sed on to future generations unless it is recorded.C.Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D.The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.九、TEXT D(总题数：1，分数：3.00)The Cultural Revival in the Byzantine EmpireBetween the eighth and elevent
42、h centuries A. D. , the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two - thirds of the territory it had p
43、ossessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased
44、. By the early eleventh century, however the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.To consider the Byzantine mil
45、itary, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth -century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Mo
46、reover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change.The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantine would run like this: when the empire had turned ba
47、ck enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and litera
48、ture. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first. Economic advances second, and in
49、tellectual advances third. In the 860s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empires favor. The beginning of the empires economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to ha
