1、专业八级-549 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)White neighborhoods are becoming darker in (1) _ and more expensive. (1) _.Analysts say that soaring house prices and booming car sales are being fueled by an (2) _ mobile black middle class (2) _.emerg
2、ing from the ashes of (3) _. (3) _.Blacks, who make up about 75 percent of South Africas 46.6 million people, are moving from the (4) _ of the economy into the mainstream (4) _.thanks to policies aimed at redressing decades of injustice. Statistics compiled by the independent Human Sciences Research
3、 Council (HSRC. show that the black middle class has (5) _ to 7.8 percent of the total population in 2000 from 3.3 percent in 1994. (5) _.“The development of a black middle class was deliberately stunted under segregation and apartheid,“ said the HSRCs Roger Southall. Although official figures are n
4、ot (6) _, (6) _.analysts say the black middle class is behind the retail sales boom and strong house price growth.Before 1994, blacks were (7) _ by legislation from owning properties in suburbs exclusively reserved for whites and had limited access to bank credit. (7) _.But the face of the former wh
5、ite suburbs has changed as blacks (8) _ move from the townships in search of security and better municipal services. (8) _.Living in posh suburbs is seen by many as a status symbol. “The black middle class is (9) _ strongly to the growth of the property market and other sectors of the economy,“ says
6、 Jacques du Toit, an economist at banking group Absa. (9) _.House prices rose by an (10) _ of 30.3 percent in real terms in 2004, (10) _.the highest since 1967, and business is also booming for auto traders, with a growing number of sales attributed to black buyers.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
7、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the conversation you will be give 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is true?（分数：1.
8、00）A.Andrew prefers filling the bad tooth to taking it out.B.Jackie prefers to have the bad tooth filled rather than pulled.C.Neither Andrew nor Jackie likes to have a tooth filled.D.Jackie and Andrew would rather have a tooth fille(2).Jackie complained that nobody was doing anything to _.（分数：1.00）A
9、.prevent people from having trouble with teethB.stop teeth from falling outC.put men on the moonD.transplant hearts and other organs(3).According to the context tooth transplanting _.（分数：1.00）A.will not be realized in the near futureB.is still at a trial periodC.is but a dreamD.has been widely pract
10、iced(4).Why did Jackie think Andrew was making up the story?（分数：1.00）A.She was sure Andrew was joking.B.She had never heard about it.C.She thought it totally impossible.D.It had never been mentioned anywher(5).This dialogue is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.Andrews toothacheB.teeth made of plasticsC.toot
11、h transplantingD.the Georgetown University Hospital四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：3.00）(1).How do the scientists measure the pit
12、ch?（分数：1.00）A.According to the movement and vibrations of hot gassesB.The trade winds blow on EarthC.The riversD.The sound travel through the space(2).We should when we want to glimpse inside the sun.（分数：1.00）A.answer questions about its temperatureB.translate the sounds into imagesC.know how gases
13、inside ebb and flowD.measure the pitch(3).What did they find out?（分数：1.00）A.An equatorial belt of faster moving material.B.The solar sound.C.A sun orbiting satellite.D.An other plantet.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to an
14、swer each of the following questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Which one was not mentioned in the conclusion document issued by the summit?（分数：1.00）A.the EU would develop a strategic partnership with ChinaB.the EU had decided to lift the arms ban later this yearC.the EU would try to resolv
15、e the trade dispute with China quicklyD.the EU promised to intensify dialogue in all areas(2).According to Asselborn, which would lay down a solid road for the lifting?（分数：1.00）A.the strategic partnership between the EU and ChinaB.the dialogue in all areasC.the British effort to strike a deal on the
16、 EU code of conduct on arms exportsD.the US-EU relationship五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those wh
17、o continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays -not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something
18、about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for env
19、ironmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the dif
20、ference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead th
21、e charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective make the objective decisions. We must express our vi
22、ews clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment
23、and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars tru
24、ly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _.（分数：1.00）A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic int
25、erestsC.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures(2).The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _.（分数：1.00）A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.to arous
26、e public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC.to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD.to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards(3).The word tunnel-versioned (Line 2, Par（分数：1.00）A.4) most probably means _.A. narrow-mindedB. blind to
27、the factsC. short-sightedD. able to see only one aspect(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?（分数：1.00）A.Legislation and government intervention.B.The industrys understanding and support.C.The efforts of environment
28、al health professionals.D.The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.(5).According to the text, why destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur?（分数：1.00）A.inevitable phenomenon of social developingB.few people are aware
29、 of itC.the tax exerted on manufacturer is too heavyD.difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on the people who caused the problem七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The United States has a major racial problem on its hands. True, Britain is facing a similar problem, but for the time being it is in America t
30、hat it is graver. The only way to solve it is through education. Negroes should know about the contributions that black individuals and groups have made towards building America. This is of vital importance for their self-respect, and it is perhaps even more important for white people to know. For i
31、f you believe that a man has no history worth mentioning, it is easy to assume that he has no value as a man.Many people believe that, since the Negros achievements do not appear in the history books, he did not have any. Most people are taken aback when they learn that Negroes sailed with Columbus,
32、 marched with the Spanish conquerors of South America and fought side by side with white Americans in all their wars. People are astonished when you tell them about Phillis Wheatley, who learned English as a slave in Boston and wrote first-class poetry. They have never heard of Benjamin Banneker, a
33、mathematician and a surveyor, who helped to plan the city of Washington.There has been a tendency all along to treat the black man as if he were invisible, little has been written about the 5,000 American Negroes who fought in the Revolution against the British, but they were in every important batt
34、le. In the Anglo-American war of 1812, at least one out of every six men in the U. S. Navy was a Negro. In the Civil war, more than 200,000 black troops fought in the Union forces. How, then, did the image of the Negro as a valiant fighting man disappear? To justify the hideous institution of slaver
35、y, slaveholders had to create the myth of the docile, slow- witted Negro, incapable of self-improvement, and even contented with his lot. Nothing could be further from the truth. The slave fought for his freedom at every chance he got, and there were numerous uprisings. Yet the myth of docility pers
36、isted.There are several other areas where the truth has been twisted or concealed. Most people have heard of the Negro. Carver, who invented scores of new uses for the lowly peanut. But whoever heard of Norbert Rillieux, who in 1846 invented a vacuum pan that revolutionized the sugar-refining indust
37、ry? Or of Elijah McCoy, who in 1872 invented the drip cup that feeds oil to the moving parts of heavy machinery? How many people know that Negroes are credited with inventing such different items as ice creams, potato chips, the gas mask and the first traffic light? Not many. As for the winning the
38、West, the black cowboy and the black frontiersman have been almost ignored, though film producers are becoming more aware of their importance. Yet in the typical trail crew of eight men that drove cattle from Texas to Kansas, at least two would have been Negroes. The black troops of the Ninth and Te
39、nth Cavalry formed one-fifth of all the mounted troops assigned to protect the frontier after the Civil War. What difference does it make? You may ask. A lot. The cowboy is the American folk-hero. Youngsters identify with him instantly. The average cowboy film is really a kind of morality play, with
40、 good guys and bad guys and right finally triumphing over wrong. You should see the amazement and happiness on black youngsters faces when they learn that their ancestors really had a part in all that.（分数：5.00）(1).From the passage we know that Negroes _.（分数：1.00）A.have no self-respect.B.have no hist
41、ory.C.need to have an interest in history.D.need to learn what they have done for Americ(2).People are surprised to learn that _.（分数：1.00）A.Negroes achievements are not shown in history books.B.Phillis Wheatley learned English.C.Negroes are good at mathematics.D.Negroes have a very long history in A
42、meric(3).How were the Negroes treated in the history books?（分数：1.00）A.They were-ignored.B.They were condemned.C.They were belittled.D.They were praise(4).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.That Negroes were docile was denied by the slaveholders.B.That Negroes were docile was not qu
43、ite true.C.That Negroes were docile was a lie fostered by their masters.D.That Negroes were docile was sheer nonsens(5).According to the passage what is unknown to many people is that（分数：1.00）A.the drip cup benefited light industry.B.the truth about carver was twisted or concealed.C.sugar-refining o
44、wes a lot to a Negro.D.a Negro invented the frying pan.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Ever since it appeared on the cultural scene, the Enlightenment has had its passionate critics. Philosophers as well as politicians have criticized its rationalism, its individualism, its cosmopolitanism, its faith in scie
45、nce and technology, its humanism, and its lack of respect for established traditions. Some have criticized individual aspects of it, others have condemned it in its entirety. At times Enlightenment thinking was all but eclipsed, as during the later part of the period of literary Romanticism, while a
46、t other times it re-surfaced with renewed vigor. In varying ways it has had a challenged and challenging presence in Western thought to this day.In recent decades Enlightenment thinking has been the target of critical endeavors once more. This time it is its individualism and cosmopolitanism that ha
47、ve come under persistent attack from various quarters, together with its attempt to find and formulate universally valid norms and values. Anti-Enlightenment initiatives have surfaced inside the United States as well as worldwide. They are often launched in the name of “multiculturalism, “ “ethnic i
48、dentity,“ the supposed importance of “roots,“ and the general importance of “difference“ as opposed to peoples common humanity. With respect to social integration, advocates of ethnic separateness prefer cultural and racial “salad bowls“ to the traditional American “melting pot.“An issue is the Enlightenment idea that ideally every individual should not only have the right, but even the obligation to determine for himself or herself who he or she wants to be, what sort of life he or she wants to live, or with whom he or she wants to associate more closely. An individu
