1、专业八级-513 及答案解析(总分：100.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：12，分数：100.00)Was the summit a success? It depends on the standards you use to measure it. Certainly by the standards of previous G8 summits this one has achieved a great deal, despite the disruption caused by the bombings in London, writ
2、es BBC economics reporter Steve Schifferes in an analysis piece. It is unprecedented to reach substantive dealssuch as the $50bn (28.8bn) Africa aid boost and debt-cancellation dealat such meetings. The G8 summit also agreed to renew efforts to forge a trade deal, pledged $3bn for the Palestinian au
3、thority, and said it would increase access to Aids treatment, Schifferes notes. The summit broke new ground by bringing poverty campaigners and leaders from developing countries face to face with the world“s eight most powerful leaders. In the words of Tony Blair: “It isn“t the end of poverty in Afr
4、ica, but it is the hope that it can be ended.“ Of course, the various deals fall far short of what many campaigners wanted. But they have set an important precedent which could lead to further developments over the course of the year, when other key negotiating meetings are taking place. Schifferes
5、also points out that of course the G8 summit did not solve all the world“s problems. But there are, he writes, three key meetings later this year where campaigners and others will be able to test the G8“s real resolve. In September, the UN meets in a special session in New York to consider reform an
6、d progress towards reaching the millennium development goals. Will the major powers pledge the same increase in aid ($25bn) for non-African countries that is required to lift their poor out of poverty by 2015? In December, the trade issues will be confronted head-on, as the world trade talks resume
7、in Hong Kong in a last-ditch effort to reach a deal after four years of wrangling. Will rich nations be prepared to eliminate their agricultural subsidies in order to open their markets to the poor countries? And how much will they try to force the poor countries to open their markets first? Also in
8、 December, the contracting parties to the UN framework convention on climate change will meet in Montreal to discuss what should happen when the Kyoto protocol runs out in 2012. Will they be able to agree a new regime to regulate global emissions that will include both developing countries and the U
9、S? None of these issues is easy to resolve. But the political will shown at the G8 does at least give some of these negotiations a fighting chance, Schifferes concludes. Also on the summit, an editorial in the Business Times Singapore notes that last week“s G8 summit, unlike most past meetings of th
10、is wealthy nations grouping, achieved some small measure of progress. In a departure from the past, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, the host, got the leaders to personally sign the final communiqu last week which covered some of the broadest issues such as aid to Africa, climate change and world
11、trade. It adds that while aid to Africa is important, the G8 leaders would have done more if they had resolved to tackle the issue of subsidies to their own farmers which places poor countries at a disadvantage. The World Bank reckons that a bold tariff reduction could inject funds 10 times the aid
12、flows into the African continent. But when it came to setting time-tables for farm subsidy cuts in their own countries, the leaders“ commitment wore thin. They merely spoke about the need to stop government support for agricultural exports. The tariff issue will come up at the Hong Kong meeting of t
13、he World Trade Organization in December and the world will see how far the same leaders will go on that issue, points the editorial. On the issue of climate change, the failure was more glaring. The rest of the leaders drew a blank with President Bush, even though seven out of the eight nations have
14、 ratified the Kyoto protocol. Though Mr. Blair wanted G8 countries to take the lead on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the communiqu avoided setting targets or time tables as set out in the 1997 protocol. For what it“s worth, the US which has consistently challenged the science behind climate cha
15、nge was finally forced to admit that global warming is caused by human activity. The editorial concludes that it is increasingly clear that summits have to go beyond mere statements of intent and rich countries must avoid backsliding on their commitments. Last Thursday“s terrorist attacks in London,
16、 which cast a shadow on discussions at Gleneagles, underscore the need for bold action for the development of strong and stable economies in the rest of the world.（分数：6.00）(1).One new point in this G8 meeting is to _.（分数：2.00）A.settle all the world“s problems to end the poverty in poor countriesB.co
17、mmunicate between the poverty campaigners and world leadersC.eliminate agricultural subsidies to open more markets for poor countriesD.regulate the emissions involving both developed and developing countries(2).The following issues were covered in G8 summit EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.aid to AfricaB.world t
18、radeC.climate changeD.anti-terrorist action(3).From the description in the passage, we learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.this G8 meeting enabled advanced countries to cut their agricultural subsidiesB.this G8 summit is only a statement of zeal to meet all the powerful leadersC.this G8 summit is of great succe
19、ss to some extent in spite of little achievementD.G8 countries all played a leading role in reducing carbon dioxide emissionsScotland Yard“s top fingerprint expert, Detective Chief Superintendent Gerald Lambourne had a request from the British Museum“s Prehistoric Department to force his magnifying
20、glass on a mystery somewhat “outside my usual beat.“ This was not a question of Whodunit, but Who Was It. The blunt instruments he pored over were the antlers of red deer, dated by radio-carbon examination as being up to 5,000 years old. They were used as mining picks by Neolithic man to hack flints
21、 and chalk, and the fingerprints he was looking for were of our remote ancestors who had last wielded them. The antlers were unearthed in July during the British Museum“s five-year-long excavation at Grime“s Graves, near Therford, Norfolk, a 93-acre site containing more than 600 vertical shafts in t
22、he chalk some 40 feet deep. From artifacts found in many parts of Britain it is evident that flint was extensively used by Neolithic man as he slowly learned how to farm land in the period from 3,000 to 1,500 B.C. Flint was especially used for ax-heads to clear forests for agriculture, and the quali
23、ty of the flint on the Norfolk site suggests that the miners there were kept busy with many orders. What excited Mr. G. de G. Sieveking, the museum“s deputy director of the excavations, was the dried mud still sticking to some of them. “Our deduction is that the miners coated the base of the antlers
24、 with mud so that they could get a better grip,“ he says. “The exciting possibility was that fingerprints left in this mud might at last identify as individuals as people who have left few relics, who could not read or write, but who may have had much more intelligence than had been supposed in the
25、past.“ Chief Superintendent Lambourne, who four years ago had “assisted“ the British Museum by taking the fingerprints of a 4000-year-old Egyptian mummy, spent two hours last week examining about 50 antlers. On some he found minute marks indicating a human handthat part of the hand just below the fi
26、ngers where most pressure would be brought to bear the wielding of a pick. After 25 years“ specialization in the Yard“s fingerprints department, Chief Superintendent Lambourne knows all about ridge structurestechnically known as the “tri-radiate section“. It was his identification of that part of th
27、e hand that helped to incriminate some of the Great Train Robbers. In 1995 he discovered similar handprints on a bloodstained tee-maker on a golf-course where a woman had been brutally murdered. They eventually led to the killer, after 4,065 handprints had been taken. Chief Superintendent Lamboure h
28、ad agreed to visit the Norfolk site during further excavations next summer, when it is hoped that further hand-marked antlers will come to light. But he is cautious about the historic significance of his findings. “Finger prints and hand prints are unique to each individual but they can tell nothing
29、 about the age, physical characteristics, even sex of the person who left them,“ he says. “Even the Finger prints of gorilla could be mistaken for those of a man. But if a number of imprinted antlers are recovered from given shafts on this site I could at least determine which antlers were handled b
30、y the same man, and from there might be deduced the number of miners employed in a team.“ “As indication of intelligence I might determine in which way the miners held the antlers and how they wielded them.“ To Mr. Sieveking and his museum colleagues any such findings will add to their dossier of wh
31、at might appear to the layman as trivial and unrelated facts but from which might emerge one day an impressive new image of our remote ancestors.（分数：8.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.Chief Superintendent Lambourne was willing to accept the requestB.Chief Superintendent
32、 Lambourne was familiar with the task he was asked to doC.the task this time was quite different from what he did beforeD.he is one member of the British Museum“s Prehistoric Department(2).According to the passage, the antlers were used to _.（分数：2.00）A.plough the fields for cultivationB.cut the wood
33、s for agricultureC.obtain useful tools for workD.mine more coals(3).According to the passage, Chief Superintendent Lambourne _.（分数：2.00）A.was a great archaeologist to discover the world“s mysteryB.had visited the Norfolk site in order to study the antlersC.could determine the intelligence of Neolith
34、ic man by the fingerprintsD.once helped solve a murder case by discriminating the fingerprints(4).The attitude of Chief Superintendent Lambourne towards the findings is _.（分数：2.00）A.optimisticB.prudentC.suspiciousD.emotional“All right, boys and girls, who“d like to see some magic?“ Twice a day the f
35、erry Arahuraand it is greeted with cries of “Me!“ from children, and with sighs of relief from parents, glad to find something to occupy their kids for at least half an hour of the three-hour trip. The parental savior in question is Nigel Kennedy, a professional magician who has been working in the
36、ferry for the past seven years. The facilities aren“t greatthere is no designated performance space, and he has to conjure more or less in a corridorbut there is room enough to wave a wand and wow an audience more captive than most. Kennedy, 33, thrives on the work, which guarantees him a level of e
37、xposure he would not readily find elsewhere. The Arahura carries thousands of people each day in the holiday season. “Every time I travel“ says Jonathan Morgan, manager of passenger services for the ferry line, “he is ringed with kids, like the Pied Piper.“ The key to what Morgan refers to as Kenned
38、y“s stunning success is audience participation: every show, he ropes in four kids to help, although they usually wind up being the butt of his tricks. Wands are apt to wobble, droop, squeak or vanish; lossies and hankies turn up in unexpected places. Kennedy is a dab hand with balloons, too, twistin
39、g them at top speed into crowns, swords, worms, ducks and donkeys. The children“s work, he says, is his bread and butter, although it is not without its hazards. “Adults are very predictable to perform for as an audience. They will always clap in the same place, always laugh in the same place. But k
40、ids, you can“t predict what they“re going to say or do. Sometimes you“re going to have a little five-year-old who“s going to sit there with his arms folded and say this trick“s absolutely patheticsome word he“s learnt from his parents.“ Kennedy was drawn to magic in the classic manner. “I got given
41、a magic book when I was eight years old and that started me on it. From then on, I was putting on shows in Mum and Dad“s garage and plastering up flyers on lampposts and letterboxes around the streets, probably to their embarrassment. And it just developed from there.“ “I remember vividly a magician
42、 in a touting show. I remember sitting watching him in this little seat on my own. I don“t know how old I would have been, but I was just rapt. He threw this big hula hoop at me and I had to examine it. I thought, wow, I feel so special.“ Since turning professional in 1989, Kennedy has made what he
43、calls a good living from magic. But the business is not what it was. He can remember doing cabaret every Friday and Saturday night, plus a round of conferences, dine-and-dances and garden parties. He still does conferences, but these days, “rather than having a set stage show with illusions, they“re
44、 more inclined to hire me for an hour or two, having me walk around the tables, do a little trick in somebody“s hand, which is what they call close-up magic.“ He augments his income by running an air order business for aspiring magicians, but admits that the average age of his clients is climbing: f
45、ewer and fewer children are taking up the craft. “It“s the competition. Nowadays they can push a computer screen and a magic effect happens: why learn a magic trick? People come along to a magic club and, if they can“t see a person in half on the first evening, they lose interest.“ Kennedy“s skill i
46、s acknowledged by fellow magicians who have recently voted him best children“s entertainer. Butyou have to askdo people confuse him with the other Nigel Kennedy, the internationally famous violinist? Well, yes, and Kennedy shamelessly plays up to it: “Whenever Nigel is touting in this area, I make t
47、he most of it. I come on stage with a violin case while Vivaldi“s The Four Seasons plays in the background. Then I pull out a magic wand from the violin case and everyone laughs.“ There are no plans for a name change, and in any case the confusion is worth it to overhear, as Kennedy once did, someon
48、e say: “This must be what that violinist does in the off-season.“（分数：6.00）(1).The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that _.（分数：2.00）A.both present Kennedy“s performance sitesB.each presents one side of the magicianC.the first generalizes the second with examplesD.the first intr
49、oduces the second with more details(2).It can be inferred from the passage that Kennedy was all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.persistentB.humorousC.confusingD.diligent(3).From the description in the passage, we learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.Kennedy has a fixed stage on the ferry to perform his magic for childrenB.Kennedy“s career is now on the decline because some children learn itC.Kennedy runs a mail-order business for those interested in magicD.the magician often performs on the stage with Kennedy, the violinistThe Norwegian gover
