1、专业八级-503 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to an
2、swer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).The Knowledge mentioned in the interview is _.（分数：1.00）A.a test about the traffic rules and the routes taxi drivers will run in LondonB.the law on taxis in LondonC.a test about the routes taxi drivers will run in six-
3、mile radius in LondonD.a driving test(2).How much lime does it take Jack to learn the Knowledge?（分数：1.00）A.9 months.B.19 months.C.2 to 3 years.D.3 years.(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.The taxi has to be thoroughly examined and repaired every year.B.In London taxi-drivers ta
4、ke the Knowledge test instead of a driving test.C.The license is annually renewed.D.The law on taxi in London is more or less the same as in other places.(4).Jack sees himself as a Londoner because _.（分数：1.00）A.he has been in London a lot longerB.he has got a typical London Cockney accentC.he was bo
5、rn in LondonD.he enjoys being a taxi driver in London(5).The interview is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.the laws on taxis in LondonB.the life of Jack, a taxi driver in LondonC.how to be a taxi driver in LondonD.body-building in London四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following
6、 news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What is the purpose of Pope John Pauls visit to Germany?（分数：1.00）A.To solve the conflict between Church and Germany.B.To defend the churchs role during the Hitler regime.C.To
7、relax his opposition to birth control.D.To ease the historic division between Catholics and Protestants.(2).How many Catholics in Germany signed a petition last year to relax the Popes opposition to birth-control?（分数：1.00）A.One million.B.Ten thousand.C.One thousand.D.One hundreQuestions 9 to 10 are
8、based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What will probably happen to the British diplomat in Congo Kinshasa?（分数：1.00）A.He will be expelled from Congo.B.He will be released immediately.C.He will
9、 be serving many years of imprisonment in Congo.D.He will be detained in a police station if he doesnt admit his spying activities.(2).What did Britain do after its diplomat was arrested?（分数：1.00）A.It appealed to neighboring countries for help.B.It threatened economic restriction against Congo, Kins
10、hasa.C.It called for the Congolese government to release its personnel.D.It called for the Congolese government to guarantee the safety of its embassy personnel.1.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to
11、 the news.Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Government officials say they fear UNITA rebels will take control of border areas with Congo Kinshasa.B.UNITAs military vehicles are entering the Angolan border area every day.C.Explosive devices will be buried in that area in order to p
12、revent the UNITA rebels from entering the region.D.Government troops have fled the cities of Malanje and Kuito.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The main idea of these business-school academics is appealing. In a world where companies must adapt to new technologies and source
13、 of competition, it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder. Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas. How can firms get the most out of people ff the
14、y can no longer offer them protection and promotion?Many bosses would love to have an answer. Sumantra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business School think they have one: “Employability.“ If managers offer the right of training and guidance, and change
15、their attitude towards their underlings, they will be able to reassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good jobeven ff it is with a different company.Unfortunately, they promise more than they deliver. Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should
16、 accomplish are hard to quarrel with: encourage people to be creative, make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the must of them, keep the organization from getting stale and so forth. The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firm
17、s might actually create such an environment. At its nub is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers, and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine.The authors offer a few inspiring example of companie
18、sthey include Motorola, 3M and ABBthat have managed to go some way towards mating such organizations. But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it, and leave the biggest questions unanswered, How do you continuously train people, without diverting them from their everyday job of makin
19、g the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value, and not simply on those they enjoy? Must of their an
20、swers are platitudinous, and when they are not they are unconvincing.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the passage that in the past an employee _.（分数：1.00）A.had job security and opportunity of promotionB.had to compete with each other to keep his jobC.had to undergo training all the timeD.had no diffic
21、ulty climbing the corporate ladder(2).What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett?（分数：1.00）A.Very instructive.B.Very inspiring.C.Hard to implement.D.Quite hars(3).In their work, Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss（分数：1.00）A.changes in business organizationsB.contracts be
22、tween employers and employeesC.employment situationD.management ideas(4).This passage seems to be a(n) _（分数：1.00）A.book reviewB.advertisementC.news reportD.research paper(5).According to Chritopher Bartlett what will improve “employability“?（分数：1.00）A.Ability to lay out ones talents to employers.B.S
23、kills and knowledge accumulated from school education.C.Training opportunity and guidance offered by company.D.Being creative and ready to share collective wisdom.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Languages will continue to diverge. Even if English were to become the universal language, it would still take man
24、y different forms. Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesnt vary hugely alongside a large number of variants used by local peoples.We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and not just for reasons of practicality. Lea
25、rning a language is good for your mental health; it forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education will develop a more rational approach to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so many people beli
26、eve its no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline. But you can argue that learning another language well is more taxing than, say, learning to play chess wellit involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rule
27、s, and also to context.Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may, for instance, alleviate the drudgery that a vast translation represents. But no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can substitute for knowledge of the different langu
28、ages. A machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important. Languages come wi
29、th heavy cultural baggage tooin French or German if you missed the cultural references behind a word youre very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to a computer.All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the worlds populatio
30、n in the 21st century. I dont think foreign languages will really become less important, but they might be perceived to beand that would in the end be a very bad thing.（分数：5.00）(1).From the first paragraph we can infer that _.（分数：1.00）A.English is the universal languageB.Chinese would become the uni
31、versal languageC.languages always take kinds of formsD.English has no variants, but Chinese does(2).Which of the following is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.If a language is not good for practicality, we can drop it.B.We can understand another cultural and intellectual system by learning language.C.Time devoted to
32、 language teaching has never declined.D.We should spend more time in learning language than playing chess.(3).Why cant a computer translation substitute for knowledge of different languages? Because _.（分数：1.00）A.computer can alleviate much drudgeryB.computer is always behind the timesC.computer cant
33、 get the inner meaning of wordsD.computer has no sensation(4).What does the author mean by “that would in the end be a very bad thing“ in the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Less and leas people will use English.B.Foreign languages will become less important.C.Foreign languages will be perceived less impo
34、rtant.D.We must realize the importance of foreign languages.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Learning Foreign Languages.B.Language Continuing to Diverge.C.The Limitation of Technology in Learning Foreign Language.D.The Inner Meaning of Words.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.
35、00)Rewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and preserve cultural values. In all cultures, parents must teach their children to avoid danger and to observe the communitys moral precepts. Adults also condition each others observance of socia
36、l norms, using methods ranging from mild forms of censure, such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark, to imprisoning or executing individuals for behavior considered deviant or dangerous. The caning of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore for vandalism in 1994 brought wid
37、e media attention to cultural differences in the application of punishment. Faced with increasing violence at home, many Americans endorsed Singapores use of corporal punishment to maintain social order. Was Fays punishment effective? Whether he subsequently avoids vandalism is unknown, but the puni
38、shment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singaporewhich he left promptly.The operant techniques societies use to maintain social control vary in part with the dangers and threats that confront them. The Gusii of Kenya, with a history of tribal warfare, face threats not only from outsiders but
39、also from natural forces, including wild animals. Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on rewards in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children. Caning, food deprivation, and withdrawing shelter and protection are common forms of punishment.In contrast, the Mix
40、tecans of Juxtlahuaca, Mexico, are a highly cohesive community, with little internal conflict, and social norms that encourage cooperation. Their social patterns appear adaptive, for the Mixtecans are dominated by the nearby Spanish Mexicans, who control the official government and many economic res
41、ources in their region. The Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or jarl sentences or use physical punishment to deter aggression in either adults or children. Rather, they tend to rely on soothing persuasion. Social ostracism is the must feared punishment, and social ties within the community ar
42、e very strong, so responses that reinforce these ties are effective in maintaining social order.In the United States, fear of social ostracism or stigma was once a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior, especially in small communities. Today, even imprisonment does not
43、appear to be an adequate deterrent to many forms of crime, especially violent crime. Although one reason is the inconsistent application of punishment, another may he the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the intense stigma it once had, so that prison is no longer as an effective punishment.（
44、分数：5.00）(1).The best title of this passage would be _.（分数：1.00）A.Crime and PunishmentB.Reward and PunishmentC.Social OrderD.Two Case Studies: Gnsti of Kenya and Mixtecans of Juxtlshuaca(2).According to the passage, whet is a universal cultural norm in maintaining social order?（分数：1.00）A.Children mus
45、t he obedient to their parents.B.People must publicly complain when someone misbehaves.C.People should do their parts to ensure that others comply with social rules.D.People should publicly humiliate the wrongdoers.(3).What can he inferred from the Michael Fay case?（分数：1.00）A.Many Americans were opp
46、osed to the corporal punishment that Michael Fay received in Singapore.B.The American media did not pay any attention to cultural differences until 1994.C.The caning was effective because Michael Fay subsequently refrained from vandalism.D.Michael Fay left Singapore immediately after the caning puni
47、shment.(4).What would a Gusii mother from Kenya most likely do to punish her children?（分数：1.00）A.To stop giving them pocket money.B.To persuade them in a gentle way.C.To verbally humiliate them.D.To threaten to expel them from the hom(5).The word “stigma“ (Line 5, Par（分数：1.00）A.4) most probably mean
48、s _.A. ironyB. verbal abuseC. persuasionD. bad reputation九、TEXT D(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student body. Higher education leaders ov
49、erwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by must selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Educations Office of Civil Rights to investigate questionable policies. “were talking about admissions programs, scholarships,
