1、专业八级-461 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、The Eclipse of Freud(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.To find articles on ecology.B.
2、To look into some of the specilialized indexes.C.To look for articles published in 297 periodicals.D.To look for articles published from November 10th,1990 to December 28th,2000.A.In the Reading Room.B.In the Reception Room.C.In the Reference Room.D.In the Periodical Reading Room.A.Current issues ar
3、e kept on the shelves.B.Back issues are bound together in volumes.C.The procedure of borrowing a back issue is slightly different from that of a book.D.Current issues of periodicals are put on microfilm.A.“Microfilm“ is a tiny square film no bigger than your thumbnail.B.To borrow a microfilm you do
4、not need to find out the call slip.C.You can read the materials on a microfilm directly.D.You must use a machine to read the material on a microfilm.A.In the Reading Room.B.In the Reference Room.C.In the Reception Room.D.In the Periodical Room.六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions 6 and 7 ar(总题数：1，分
5、数：2.00)A.the US OpenB.the Australian OpenC.the French OpenD.the Hongkong ChampionshipA.The Fans Favourite Award.B.Most Improved Players.C.New Balls Please Player of the Year.D.Sports Most Quotable Player of the Year.八、Questions 8 to 10 ar(总题数：1，分数：3.00)A.The IOC.B.The IOC executive committee.C.The I
6、OCs technical evaluation team.D.The IOC committeA.multibillion - dollar bidB.athlete - oriented focusC.plans for an Olympic parkD.diversity of cultural backgroundA.twoB.threeC.fourD.five九、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、TEXT A(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.According to the passage, which of the following state
7、ments can not be considered as the reason of the “smelly“ house of the poor?（分数：1.00）A.The outdoor privy is smelly.B.The refrigerator has gone out of order.C.The housewife cannot afford the time to clean the mattress.D.It is costy to bury rotting garbag2.According to the passage, which of the follow
8、ing statements is implied?（分数：1.00）A.Poverty means lack of money.B.Poverty means smelly,C.Poverty means tired.D.Poverty means dirty.3.According to the passage the poor is always tired because _.（分数：1.00）A.they had chronic anemia caused from poor dietB.they had many childrenC.they had to work for twe
9、nty-two dallors a weekD.they had no one to take good care of their children4.According to the passage which of the following statements is NOT the reason for “Poverty is dirty“?（分数：1.00）A.Hot water is a luxury.B.The poor had no money for soap.C.Cold water does not help wash the dishes clean.D.The ch
10、ildren of the poor always make their clothes too dirty to be washed clean.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The poor need understanding.B.The poor need empathy.C.The poor are always polite.D.The poor need your pity.十一、TEXT B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)6.What was
11、the most difficult test of her ability?（分数：1.00）A.To read through glass-blindfolded.B.To identify the colour and shape of light on a screen while securely blindfolded.C.To carry out tasks with someone pressing on her eyeballs.D.To work from behind a screen, blindfolded and with a card round her neck
12、.7.The first white man to visit Somoa found men who _.（分数：1.00）A.were not entirely blindB.described things by touching themC.could see with their handsD.could see when they held hands8.Patches are _.（分数：1.00）A.raysB.wavesC.spotsD.lines9.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Very fe
13、w people have the sensitivity of the blind.B.Blind people can manage to see things ,but only vaguely.C.The eyes are not the only way of seeing.D.It is possible to localise the photo sensitive areas of the body.10.Why did Shaefer put the paper under glass?（分数：1.00）A.To make things as difficult as pos
14、sible.B.To stop the reflection of heat.C.To prevent Rose from feeling the print.D.To stop her from cheatin十二、TEXT C(总题数：5，分数：5.00)11.What kind of the spirit we can get from those martyrs?（分数：1.00）A.Devotion to the cause.B.Honored death.C.The birth of freedom.D.The last full measure of devotion.12.Wh
15、o has hallowed this ground?（分数：1.00）A.The brave people.B.The living and the dead.C.The people who are struggling or struggled here.D.The brave people except us all.13.“The government of the people, by the people, for the people“ is the government _.（分数：1.00）A.owned, struggled and enjoyed by the peop
16、leB.owned, run and enjoyed by the peopleC.owned, managed and served by the peopleD.owned, controled and shared by the people14.When was the new nation founded?（分数：1.00）A.Forty-seven years ago.B.Eighty-seven years ago.C.Twenty-eight years ago.D.One hundred and seven years ago.15.The main point of thi
17、s speech is something about _.（分数：1.00）A.fight or battle mobilizationB.the civil war summaryC.the memory of the martyrsD.commemorating the martyrs and encouraging the living十三、TEXT D(总题数：3，分数：3.00)16.As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is _.（分数：1
18、.00）A.enrichment of our understanding of the pastB.broadening of our approaches to social problemsC.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the pastD.that it provides us with various experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply O
19、ur own lives alone17.In the authors opinion, as seen in this passage, one outcome of the influence of the “Life experience“ adherents has been _.（分数：1.00）A.the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schoolsB.a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John DeweyC.a sharp swin
20、g over to “learning through doing“D.an end to rigorous study as a way of learning18.According to the passage the end goal of great literature is_.（分数：1.00）A.the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of charactersB.to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human co
21、nditionC.the teaching of morality and ethical behaviorD.to write about tragedy and despair十四、TEXT E(总题数：2，分数：2.00)19.It can be inferred from the passage that studies of endangered species _.（分数：1.00）A.have revealed little of importance to improve wildlife preservationB.are more likely to be carried
22、out when a financially concerned interest group is involvedC.sometimes endanger the very species they hope to protectD.show that endangered species can never be saved except at great cost20.Which of the followings is neither expressed nor implied in the passage as being a threat posed by mall to wil
23、dlife preservation?（分数：1.00）A.The discharge of chemical wastes into streams as a result of industrial development.B.Large - scale housing development.C.Poor coordination of international efforts at park and refuge management.D.Introduction of species into environments.十五、PART GENERAL KNOWL(总题数：10，分数
24、：10.00)21.linguists give priority to the spoken language not the written language because _.（分数：1.00）A.vocal sounds are derived from writing systemsB.speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC.we have recording devices to study speechD.spoken language precedes written language only in Indo - E
25、uropean languages22.About Britains social welfare, which is the correct discription in the following statements?（分数：1.00）A.From - cradle - to - grave.B.British disease.C.The Great Depression.D.The patient of Europ23.Which descrption is NOT correct about Benjamin Franklin?（分数：1.00）A.Scientist.B.Philo
26、sopher.C.Diplomat.D.Actor.24.Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop?（分数：1.00）A.p.B.m.C.b.D.t25.Which American president witnessed the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Westernization of East European countries?（分数：1.00）A.Carter.B.Reagan.C.Bush.D.Clinton.26.Emerson based
27、his religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called _.（分数：1.00）A.the SpiritB.the OverlordC.the OversoulD.the Self27.According to the law, children in Britain between the ages of should receive efficient fulltime education.（分数：1.00）A.5 and 16B.6 and 17C.7 and 18D.4 and 1528.At t
28、he beginning of A Rose for Emily, Faulkner uses a figurative language to describe the place where Emily lives. The house is a perfect mirror image of the owner who is supposed to be _ and deliberately detaches herself from the communal life in this small town.（分数：1.00）A.friendly and generousB.wealth
29、y and congervativeC.polite and dignifiedD.stubborn and coquettish29.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.（分数：1.00）A.unnaturalB.something to be fearedC.naturalD.abnormal30.One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain a major literary figure in the 19th century Amer
30、ica is his use of _.（分数：1.00）A.vernacularB.interior monologueC.unique point of angleD.photographic description十六、PART PROOFREADDING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十七、Because human anatom(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_32.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_34.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_36.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_
31、37.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_38.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_39.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_40.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_十八、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十九、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)41.有的动物学家和心理学家把现代人比成笼中的狮子。他们认为人们生活在拥挤的城市里，与动物园里的动物很相似。因此，城市的居民变得特别地好斗。如果人口增长速度慢一些，人们会有更多的空间和自由。在史前，大约六十人的群体会有数公里的空间可供漫步和觅食。假如现在还有这样的条件，人类就不会比其他动物更好斗。目前
32、可能多达三万人在同一栋办公室里工作。这样，人们之间变得寻衅好斗也就不足为奇了。实际上，要他们不这样做几乎是不可能的。近年，由于世界人口的增长，人类必定变得更为好斗了。（分数：10.00）_二十、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：1，分数：10.00)42.That day, he went there very early. He was all smile on the way. All things seem benign to him. The ground there was covered with a mist of bluebells, and nearly a
33、score of crabapple trees were in full bloom. He threw himself down on the grass. The change from the buttercup glory and oak - goldened glamour of the fields to this ethereal beauty under the gray for filled him with a sort of wonder; nothing the same, save the sound of running water and the songs o
34、f the cuckoos. He lay there a long time, watching the sunlight wheel till the crab - trees threw shadows over the bluebells, his only companions a few wild bees. He was not quite sane, thinking of that mornings kiss, and of tonight under the apple tree. In such a spot as this fauns and dryads surely
35、 live; nymphs, white as the crab -apple blossom, retired within those trees; fauns, brown as the dead bracken, with pointed ears. lay in wait for them. The cuckoos were still calling when he woke, there was tile sound of running- water; but the sun had couched behind the for, the hillside was cool,
36、and some rabbits had come out. Tonight, he thought. Just as from the earth everything was pushing up, unfolding under the soft insistent fingers of an unseen hand, so were his heart and senses being pushed, unfolded. He got up and broke off a spray from a crab-apple tree.The buds were beautiful, ros
37、e pink, wild, and fresh; and so, too, the opening flowers, white, and wild, and touching. He put the spray into his coat. And all the rush of the spring within him escaped in a triumphant sigh. But the rabbits scurried away. But he had no mind for them. He was looking forward to the exciting hour.（分
38、数：10.00）_二十一、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：20.00)43.With social development, the Chinese families have witness changes, though some basic charactricties retains. Are they totally different?You are to write an essay of approximately 400 words on this subject.In your essay, you should compare the two kinds of
39、 families and tell the differences and similarities. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.（分数：20.00）_专业八级-461 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART
40、LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、The Eclipse of Freud(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_ （正确答案：terminology）解析：听力原文1-10The Eclipse of FreudHe is rightly regarded as the father of modern psychiatry -as revolution a thinker as Darwin, as during an explorer of the interior world as Columbus w
41、as of the exterior. Sigmund Freud not only developed the most profound theory to explain the workings of file human mind, but he also devised much of the terminology-from Odipus complex to penis envy-that has become part of the language. The discipline he found, psychoanalysis, became the worlds mos
42、t famous technique for helping the troubled come to grips with the demons haunting their minds.But with the advent of new drug therapies, Freudian analysis has become almost irrelevant to the treatment of severe depression and schizophrenia. Granted, even the most pharmacology - minded of experts ag
43、ree that the drugs work best in conjunction with some form of therapy. Yet psychiatrist Samuel Perry of Cornell University Medical College estimates that less than 1% of depression sufferers in the U. S. are being treated with traditional psychoanalysis-that is, a long- term series of regular sessio
44、ns with a psychiatrist. Though this technique is still considered suitable for treating neurotics who have trouble coping with everyday stress, not even the moot fanatic Freudians believe psychoanalysis alone can cope with severe cases of schizophrenia or severe depression.Relatively little of Freud
45、s voluminous work is devoted to the empirical study of clinic depression. His writings discuss only four patients who were known for certain to have suffered from major depression, and he published only one paper on the subject-“ Mourning and Melancholia“ (1917)-which contrasted ordinary grief and a
46、cute depression. He were somewhat more extensively about schizophrenia, which he called “paraphrenia“. But he was always doubtful that psychoanalysis would be of much help in treating it. The schizophrenics lack of interest in the external world, Freud wrote, made him inaccessible to transference. T
47、hat is the key psychological process by which a patient redirects unconscious feelings retained from childhood toward an analyst. It was Freuds later disciples, rather than the master himself, who popularized the use of psychoanalysis to treat depression and even schizophrenia.Feminists complain that Freuds view of women, as mercurial creatures with a deficient sense of moral standards, was downright misogynistic. Even some oxthodox Freudians concede that his em
