1、专业八级-453 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.In 1931 Roosevelt won the democratic presidential nomination and began his national campaign for the president. It was a typically vigorous one in which the candidate traveled widely; in the process he saw something of the misery wh
2、ich the Great Depression caused. The depths of the depression were reached during 1932 and early 1933 and the Republican candidate, President Herbert Hoover, was increasingly unpopular. In his speeches Roosevelt offered little of the way of specific programs, preferring instead to contrast the activ
3、e approach which he would take to the country“s economic problems with what he saw as the overly cautious Hoover administration. He also thought that candidates and officials should tell people frankly that things were bad rather than insist that they weren“t and were getting better. In view of the
4、enlarged federal budgets and the policy of deficit spending authorized by the Roosevelt administration, it“s interesting to note that during this first campaign for president the Democratic candidate accused President Hoover of allowing excessive spending and a dangerously unbalanced budget. （分数：20.
5、00）_2.President Carter has been calling his closest advisers together for what is called as a hard reappraisal of his administration“s troubles, but who will tell him the truth? You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “honest criticism“ from their aides
6、, but seldom get it, and usually don“t follow it when they do. The reasons for this are not obscure. The Oval Office is the most frightening room in America. It imposes a kind of respect on most visitors, and even those legislative lions who roar against the President on Capital Hill tend to usually
7、 lower their voices and follow their prepared speeches when they walk through the White House door. （分数：20.00）_3.With wounded pride, the US, which is leading the war to safeguard peace, should be supported by the rest of the world. While no organization has claimed responsibility for the attacks, ac
8、tions against terrorism must remain consistent and the intensity must not dwindle too. Every country that advocates peace must be on the alert. More important, they should put aside their prejudices and selfish interests to root out terrorism collectively and relentlessly. It has been noted that the
9、 influence of religious militancy has been growing in the region. Some terrorist forces have even become threats to some ASEAN members by openly opposing the governments of these countries. Without strong backing, it is doubtful that these terrorists could have been so bold and brutal. This is a war
10、 about the very survival of mankindthere is no room for wavering and indecision. People who are blinded by humanitarianism and thus against war are in fact helping to create a situation favorable to terrorists. Nobody wants war. But if we retreat when the battle lines are drawn, we are bowing to evi
11、l forces. Do not misinterpret the meaning of humanitarianism and be bogged down by concern over the loss of lives which may be inevitable. To allow terrorists to grow stronger is to invite worse disasters for ourselves and cause even greater loss of lives. （分数：20.00）_4.Most ironic was the image of g
12、overnment that was born of these experiences. As any scholarly treatise on the subject will tell you the great advantage bureaucracy is supposed to offer a complex, modern society like ours is efficient, rational, uniform and courteous treatment for the citizens it deals with. Yet not only did these
13、 qualities not come through to the people I talked with, it was their very opposites that seemed more characteristic. People of all classesthe rich man dealing with the Internal Revenue Service as well as the poor woman struggling with the welfare departmentfelt that the treatment they had received
14、had been bungled, not efficient; unpredictable, not rational; discriminatory, not uniform; and, all too often, insensitive, rather than courteous. It was as if they had bought a big new car that not only did not run when they wanted it to, but periodically revved itself up and drove all around their
15、 yards. （分数：20.00）_5.Every successful business is built on superior sensesof timing, opportunity, responsibility, and, not infrequently, humor. None, however, is more critical than the ability to sense the market. A senior executive“s instinctive capacity to empathize with and gain insights from cus
16、tomers is the single most important skill he or she can use to direct technologies, product and service offerings, indeed, all elements of a company“s strategic posture. People like Bill Gates brought this ability to the enterprises they founded. Without it, their ventures might have been short-live
17、d or at least far less successful. But many top level managers, particularly those at industrial companies, consider customer contact the bailiwick of sales and marketing staff. And even if they do believe that market focus is a priority, most retain only limited contact with consumers as their orga
18、nizations grow, relying instead on subordinates“ reportssecond-or-third-hand informationto define and sense the market for them. （分数：20.00）_专业八级-453 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.In 1931 Roosevelt won the democratic presidential nomination and began his national campaign
19、for the president. It was a typically vigorous one in which the candidate traveled widely; in the process he saw something of the misery which the Great Depression caused. The depths of the depression were reached during 1932 and early 1933 and the Republican candidate, President Herbert Hoover, was
20、 increasingly unpopular. In his speeches Roosevelt offered little of the way of specific programs, preferring instead to contrast the active approach which he would take to the country“s economic problems with what he saw as the overly cautious Hoover administration. He also thought that candidates
21、and officials should tell people frankly that things were bad rather than insist that they weren“t and were getting better. In view of the enlarged federal budgets and the policy of deficit spending authorized by the Roosevelt administration, it“s interesting to note that during this first campaign
22、for president the Democratic candidate accused President Hoover of allowing excessive spending and a dangerously unbalanced budget. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：1931 年，罗斯福获得民主党总统候选人的提名后就在全国范围内开始了总统竞选活动。在这种一向轰轰烈烈的竞选活动中，候选人四处巡回演讲；在此期间，他看到了大萧条所造成的某些困苦。1932年和 1933 年初，经济萧条到了最严重的时候。共和党候选人胡佛总统也越来越不受欢迎。罗斯福在演讲里并未提出多
23、少具体的计划，而更愿意将他解决国家经济问题的积极态度与他所看到的缩手缩脚的胡佛政府相对照。他认为，候选人和政府官员应当如实地告诉人民经济状况很糟糕，而不该硬说情况尚好或正在好转。罗斯福政府曾下令增加联邦预算并采取了赤字支出的政策，但有趣的是，这位民主党候选人在竞选活动初期曾指责胡佛总统容许开支过大使收支严重失衡，这倒是值得注意。 解析 (1)第一句中，national campaign for the president 译为“总统竞选活动”。 (2)第二句中，typically 是用来修饰形容词 vigorous 的，该词的意思包括“具有代表性的，典型的；一向，向来”。因为要和“轰轰烈烈”搭
24、配，所以译为“一向”更恰当。 (3)第三句中，the depths of the depression 应译为“经济萧条最严重的时候”。 (4)倒数第三句中，overly cautious 表层意思为“过分小心的”，该词形容的是胡佛政府，所以选用“缩手缩脚”更为恰当。 (5)最后一句中，the policy of deficit spending 译为“赤字支出的政策”。2.President Carter has been calling his closest advisers together for what is called as a hard reappraisal of his
25、 administration“s troubles, but who will tell him the truth? You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “honest criticism“ from their aides, but seldom get it, and usually don“t follow it when they do. The reasons for this are not obscure. The Oval Office
26、is the most frightening room in America. It imposes a kind of respect on most visitors, and even those legislative lions who roar against the President on Capital Hill tend to usually lower their voices and follow their prepared speeches when they walk through the White House door. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：(
27、)解析：卡特总统近来不断把他最亲近的顾问召集到一起，以便对他的政府的棘手问题进行一次称之为“不留情面的重新评价”，可是谁会向他说真话?你几乎可以把这一点看成首都的一种惯例：历届总统都经常请他们的助手提出“直率的批评”，可是他们听不到什么批评，而且即使听到了，通常他们也不照着去做。出现这种情况的原因倒并非不清楚。白宫椭圆形办公室是美国最令人生畏的一个房间。它使多数进入这间房子的人产生一种需要尊敬的感觉，甚至在国会上对总统咆哮如雷的议员们跨进白宫大门后，也往往把声音压低一些，按照事先准备好的稿子讲话。 解析 (1)第一句中，has been calling 运用的是现在完成进行时，表示动作的已经发
28、生并持续进行，所以在翻译时可以增译“不断的”。a hard reappraisal 根据句意可译为“不留情面的重新评价”。 (2)第二句的翻译需要注意 do 的理解。结合整句话的句意分析，they 和 usually don“t follow it 的主语是一致的，即 presidents。do 也不能理解为实义动词“做”，而应是代动词，指代 has not had an active mind。 (3)倒数第二句中，The Oval Office 是专有名词，译为“白宫椭圆型办公室”。 (4)最后一句中，impose.on.意思是“施加影响于”，此处可意译为“给人的感觉”。legislati
29、ve lions 运用了比喻的说法，把议员们比作狮子，因此可以意译为“咆哮如雷的议员们”。3.With wounded pride, the US, which is leading the war to safeguard peace, should be supported by the rest of the world. While no organization has claimed responsibility for the attacks, actions against terrorism must remain consistent and the intensity m
30、ust not dwindle too. Every country that advocates peace must be on the alert. More important, they should put aside their prejudices and selfish interests to root out terrorism collectively and relentlessly. It has been noted that the influence of religious militancy has been growing in the region.
31、Some terrorist forces have even become threats to some ASEAN members by openly opposing the governments of these countries. Without strong backing, it is doubtful that these terrorists could have been so bold and brutal. This is a war about the very survival of mankindthere is no room for wavering a
32、nd indecision. People who are blinded by humanitarianism and thus against war are in fact helping to create a situation favorable to terrorists. Nobody wants war. But if we retreat when the battle lines are drawn, we are bowing to evil forces. Do not misinterpret the meaning of humanitarianism and b
33、e bogged down by concern over the loss of lives which may be inevitable. To allow terrorists to grow stronger is to invite worse disasters for ourselves and cause even greater loss of lives. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：我们也注意到宗教极端主义逐渐在本地区扩张影响力，一些恐怖组织甚至在一些东盟成员国内公然对抗当地政府，形成威胁势力。如果不是背后有强有力的支持，这些恐怖主义分子恐怕不会如此猖狂凶
34、残。这是一场全人类休戚与共的生存战，不容丝毫迟疑与动摇。一些人基于盲目的人道主义立场，逢战必反，反而把事态引向对恐怖主义分子有利的局面。 没有人期待战争，但在战线拉开时退却，恰恰是向恶势力低头的行为。如果曲解了人道主义的精神，执著于一兵一卒的损失，只会使让恐怖分子做大，将导致更大的悲剧，造成更多人的死难。 解析 (1)划线部分第一段第一句中，根据不同国家的文化差异，英美人重认知和客观事实，故一般以客观事物或抽象概念为句子主语；汉语重人道，主语多由人来充当。考虑到这种差异，该句中暗含的主语应加以明晰化，译为“我们”，同时将被动语态转为主动语态，译为“我们也注意到”则更加符合汉语表达。 (2)第一
35、段第二句中，ASEAN 的全称是 Association of Southeast Asian Nations，常译作东南亚国家联盟，简称东盟。 (3)英语行文的基本要求之一是要避免不必要的重复。第一段围绕恐怖主义展开，并使用了不同的指称概念，如：religions militancy；terrorists；terrorist forces；evil forces 和 terrorism。在翻译时要注意这种变化，在译语中体现出不同概念所蕴含的意义差别。 (4)第二段第一句中，This is a war about the very survival of mankind 一句中的 very 起
36、到加强名词 survival 语气的作用。为达到与原文相似的效果，在翻译时根据语境可增译新的语义成分“休戚与共”。 (5)第二段第二句中，将 who 引导的定语从句处理为小句体现了结构的变化，将 are blinded by 译为“基于盲目的”是将被动化为主动，将 are against 译为“逢战必反”是将状态变为动作，in fact 译为“反而”体现了词类转换，将 are helping to create a situation favorable to terrorists 译为“把事态引向对恐怖主义分子有利的局面”是采取了一定程度上的意译，以使意义更加明晰。 (6)最后一段前两句合译
37、可使句子间的逻辑关系更为紧密。由于汉语为意合语言，是否出现主语有较大的自由，因此在翻译 But if we retreat when the battle lines are drawn, we are bowing to evil forces 时，主语 we 可不译出。 (7)最后一段最后两句在逻辑关系上隐含了条件和结果，在翻译时可对原文结构进行调整，并用连接词“如果只会”来明示其逻辑关系，这种着眼于逻辑关系的句式调整和变通可使译文层次明晰，意义连贯，是一种应当掌握的重要翻译策略。be bogged down 本意为“陷入困境，停顿”，在这里可转译为“执着于”。4.Most ironic
38、was the image of government that was born of these experiences. As any scholarly treatise on the subject will tell you the great advantage bureaucracy is supposed to offer a complex, modern society like ours is efficient, rational, uniform and courteous treatment for the citizens it deals with. Yet
39、not only did these qualities not come through to the people I talked with, it was their very opposites that seemed more characteristic. People of all classesthe rich man dealing with the Internal Revenue Service as well as the poor woman struggling with the welfare departmentfelt that the treatment
40、they had received had been bungled, not efficient; unpredictable, not rational; discriminatory, not uniform; and, all too often, insensitive, rather than courteous. It was as if they had bought a big new car that not only did not run when they wanted it to, but periodically revved itself up and drov
41、e all around their yards. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：这些经历给人们的政府形象是最有讽刺意味的。任何一篇论述这个问题的学术论文都会说，对一个像我们这样复杂的现代化社会，官僚机构应当提供的一大优点是在和公民打交道时表现出富有效率，合乎情理，公平一致和文明礼貌的办事方法。但是，和我谈过话的人并没有感觉到这些品质，倒是恰恰相反的情况似乎更具有代表性。各阶层的人，从与税收部门打交道的富人到与福利部门交涉的可怜的妇人，都觉得他们受到的对待是糟糕的，而不是有效的；是捉摸不定的，而不是合情合理的；是带有歧视的，而不是公平的；而且经常是冷漠的，而不是礼貌的。就像是买了一
42、辆新的大轿车，不仅要它走的时候不走，而且不时会自行加速，在院子里到处乱跑。 解析 (1)第一句中，在翻泽时，要注意汉语语序的调整。其次要注意对 be born of 的理解。 (2)第二句中句式较复杂，首先应拆分句子，正确理解句意。将 a complex, modern society like ours的译文“对一个像我们这样复杂的现代化社会”提到句首，更符合中文的表达习惯。对于efficient，rational，uniform and courteous 这四个词的翻译，译文均采用四字短语，分别为“富有效率，合乎情理，公平一致和文明礼貌”，整齐工整，选词恰当。 (3)第四句中，要注意一些
43、词语的翻译。其中 deal with 译为“打交道”。struggle with 译为“交涉”。原文中“bungled, not efficient.courteous”包含一系列有着相似结构的省略句，在翻译时要注意正确理解意思，采取排比句式翻译。 (4)第五句中，revved itself up 意为“自行加速”。5.Every successful business is built on superior sensesof timing, opportunity, responsibility, and, not infrequently, humor. None, however, i
44、s more critical than the ability to sense the market. A senior executive“s instinctive capacity to empathize with and gain insights from customers is the single most important skill he or she can use to direct technologies, product and service offerings, indeed, all elements of a company“s strategic
45、 posture. People like Bill Gates brought this ability to the enterprises they founded. Without it, their ventures might have been short-lived or at least far less successful. But many top level managers, particularly those at industrial companies, consider customer contact the bailiwick of sales and
46、 marketing staff. And even if they do believe that market focus is a priority, most retain only limited contact with consumers as their organizations grow, relying instead on subordinates“ reportssecond-or-third-hand informationto define and sense the market for them. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：每一个成功的工商企业都是建立在一些卓越的意识之上的，即懂得审时度势，抓住机遇，承担责任，并不乏幽默感。但这一切都没有比对市场了解的能力更为重要。高级管理人员的一个非常重要的本事是能很自然地设身处地为客户着想，并从他们那里获得真知灼见。他们利用这种能力来指导技术、产品和售后服务，乃至公司战略计划的各个方面。比尔盖茨之类的成功者就曾把这种本事带进他们各自创立的企业中。没有这种能力，他们的事业或许只是昙花一现，至少没有像今天这样成功。但是许多高层经理，特别是工业公司的高层经理，把与顾客接触看成是销售和市场营销人员的事。即便他们确实也认为市场是公司的重心，但随着公司的发展，他们中大多数人
