1、专业八级-452 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails
2、and they despise the sprightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them; they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the m
3、en, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a crossroad it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the ch
4、oice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world“s history obliged us to take the turning we did. （分数：20.00）_2.Finland is an enormous land of lakes and forests; it“s the largest, totally unspoiled area in Europe. Around 65% of Finland is made up of forests. The genius of the
5、 Finns lies in their commitment and coexistence with nature. On the other hand, nature in Finland is such an overwhelming factor that it would be impossible not to adapt oneself to it. With an area of 1, 090 square kilometers, Lake Paijanne is Finland“s second biggest. Its waters are so clean that y
6、ou can drink right from them. The lake is one of the most beautiful in the country and offers one of the most panoramic views, thanks to the many small rises in the land, which allow you to admire the unspoiled and boundless countryside. The population of Finland amounts to fewer than five million i
7、nhabitants. The Finns, who make up the basic nucleus of the population, came originally from the Urals and immigrated to the territory of present-day Finland in the early centuries of the Christian age. For almost a thousand years this people lived organized in tribes, which was family based. （分数：20
8、.00）_3.One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community. If its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. When one of the
9、se non-economic categories is threatened, and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat
10、us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardles
11、s of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. （分数：20.00）_4.But the sun“s rays then reach us after having passed, first, through an enormous thickness of the higher strata of the air, the minute dust of which reflects most of the blue rays away from us, leaving the complementary yellow li
12、ght to pass on. Then, the somewhat coarser dust reflects the green rays, leaving a more orange-colored light to pass on; and finally some of the yellow is reflected, leaving almost pure red. But owing to the constant presence of air currents, arranging both the dust and vapor in strata of varying ex
13、tent and density, and of high or low clouds which both absorb and reflect the light in varying degrees, we see produced all those wondrous combinations of tints and those gorgeous ever-changing colors which are a constant source of admiration and delight to all who have the advantage of an uninterru
14、pted view to the west and who are accustomed to watch for those not infrequent exhibitions of nature“s kaleidoscopic color painting. （分数：20.00）_5.As the Union armies pressed forward Lincoln gave increasing attention to the problem of restoring peace when victory was achieved, it must be done, he sai
15、d in his second inaugural address, “With malice toward none; with charity for all.“ Desiring a speedy reconstruction of a united republic, he set forth a simple plan. Ten percent of the voters in a Confederate state, if they took an oath of allegiance to the United States, could organize a governmen
16、t and resume their old place in the federal union. By 1865 several states were putting the plan into operation. But strong opposition had developed in Congress. Many Republicans believed that such generosity was unrealistic. They felt that there should be more punishment for Southern traitors and mo
17、re protection for fred slaves. The whole question of reconstruction remained unsettled at the time of Lincoln“s death. （分数：20.00）_专业八级-452 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fat
18、e has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the sprightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them; they are good citizens, good h
19、usbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all
20、events we have the illusion of it. At a crossroad it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world“s history obliged us to take the turning we did. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：对于大多数人来说，生活是由环境决定的。他们在命运的拨弄
21、面前，不仅逆来顺受，甚至还能随遇而安。这些人犹如街上的有轨电车，满足于在自己的轨道上运行；而对于那些不时出没于车水马龙间和欢快地奔驰在旷野上的廉价小汽车却不屑一顾。我尊重这些人；他们是守法的公民、尽职的丈夫、慈祥的父亲，当然，总得有人缴纳种种税款；可是，我并不觉得它们使人振奋。另外有些人把生活掌握在自己手里，似乎在按照自己的意愿创造生活，尽管这样的人寥若晨星，他们却深深地吸引了我。自由意志这玩意儿对我们来说也许纯属子虚乌有，但不管怎么说，它确实存在于我们的幻想之中。每逢站在十字路口，我们好像能在左右两条道路中任选其一，可一旦选定之后，却又很难认识到那实际是世界历史的整个进程左右了我们的转折点。
22、 解析 (1)第二句中的 accept.with resignation 为常用词组，该处译为“逆来顺受”。with resignation 表示忍耐，而下文 with good will 则是对于所遇逆境安之若素，比 with resignation 心态更进一步，故译成“随遇而安”。 (2)第三句中，dash in and out of the traffic 译为“穿梭于车水马龙间”。sprightly 和 jauntily 可译为“欢快的”。open country 意思是“空旷的野外，旷野”。 (3)第五句中，翻译时将 who 引导的定语从句前置，成为独立的句子。接着翻译同位语部分
23、few enough in all conscience，把原文主句放最后。在翻译中，适当的调整语序，可以使译文更加符合汉语的表达习惯，使表述更地道。 (4)倒数第二句中，at all events 译为“不管怎么说”。 (5)最后一句中，the whole course of the world“s history 译为“世界历史的整个进程”。Obliged 意为“迫使，强制”，该处译为“左右”。2.Finland is an enormous land of lakes and forests; it“s the largest, totally unspoiled area in Eur
24、ope. Around 65% of Finland is made up of forests. The genius of the Finns lies in their commitment and coexistence with nature. On the other hand, nature in Finland is such an overwhelming factor that it would be impossible not to adapt oneself to it. With an area of 1, 090 square kilometers, Lake P
25、aijanne is Finland“s second biggest. Its waters are so clean that you can drink right from them. The lake is one of the most beautiful in the country and offers one of the most panoramic views, thanks to the many small rises in the land, which allow you to admire the unspoiled and boundless countrys
26、ide. The population of Finland amounts to fewer than five million inhabitants. The Finns, who make up the basic nucleus of the population, came originally from the Urals and immigrated to the territory of present-day Finland in the early centuries of the Christian age. For almost a thousand years th
27、is people lived organized in tribes, which was family based. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：芬兰是一个拥有巨大湖泊和森林资源的国家，也是欧洲最大的未遭破坏的陆地，其中 65%的面积被森林覆盖。芬兰人的才智尽显于与大自然的和谐统一。而另一方面，芬兰的自然之力摄人心魄，让人无法不融入其中。 帕加涅湖是芬兰第二大湖，面积 1090 平方公里，湖水非常清澈，甚至可以直接饮用。帕加涅湖也是芬兰最美丽的湖泊之一，其全景尽收眼底，正是由于陆地平缓的起伏，这片湖区呈现出令人憧憬的纯净无边的美景。芬兰的居民还不到五百万，其中在基督教兴起时代
28、从乌拉尔移民来的芬兰人在当今占绝大多数。一千年以来，这些人居住在以家族为基础的部落里。 解析 (1)第一段前两句介绍了芬兰的国土概况，按照汉语的表达习惯，翻译时通常将此类介绍处理为一个长句。unspoiled 意为“未损坏的，未开发的”。 (2)第一段第三句在翻译时，为使译文语言更加多彩，并更好地反映原文的精神，可将 commitment and coexistence 译为汉语的四字结构“和谐统一”。 (3)第一段最后一句中，suchthat 句型若机械地译为“自然是如此一个的因素，以至于”则显得太过拗口而不雅观，翻译时不必局限于该句型，为使语言表达更加自然，可将 an overwhelmi
29、ng factor 译成四字结构“摄人心魄”。 (4)第二段第三句为复合句，其中包含 which 引导的修饰 small rises 的定语从句，thanks to.引导原因状语从句。由于定语从句较长，翻译时可采用分译法，将其单独翻译成句，其余部分顺译即可。panoramic 意为“全景的”。 (5)第二段倒数第二句中，who 引导定语从句，修饰主语 The Finns。为使译文更加符合汉语表达习惯，翻译时可将时间状语 in the early centuries of the Christian age 前置于句首，将原句的并列谓语came from 和 immigrated to 处理成主
30、语的定语，而把定语从句译为汉语的谓语部分，从而使上下文结构更为流畅。nucleus 本意为“中心，核心”，结合语境可将其译为“大多数”。3.One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community. If its stability depends on i
31、ts integrity, they are entitled to continuance. When one of these non-economic categories is threatened, and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some
32、distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that
33、birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：完全基于经济目的的生态资源保护系统有一个基本的缺点：陆地生物群落的大部分物种没有经济价值。但是，这些物种是生物群落的组成部分。如果生态系统的稳定性依赖于其完整性的话，那么那些物种就有权力继续存在下去。 当这些非经济物种中的某一种受到威胁，且我们碰巧又喜欢它，我们就会想办法来赋予其经济上的重要性。在本世纪之初，鸣禽被
34、认为即将灭绝。科学家们立即拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致是说：如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们(的一切)吃掉。若证据想要有效，就必须具有经济性。 现在来看这些拐弯抹角的理由是让人心痛的。我们没有土地伦理，但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，生存都是它们的固有权利。就食肉动物和捕鱼鸟类而言，也存在这种情况。 解析 (1)第一段第一句，that 引导一个表语从句，由于主语的后置定语较长，翻译时可采用分译法将其单独分译成句，然后用加冒号的方法引出表语从句。 (2)第一段最后一句中，If 引导条件状语从句，主句使用了被动语态。翻译时应将状语从句顺译，
35、将主句的被动语态转换为主动语态“有权利”，以更加符合汉语的表达习惯。 (3)第二段第一句中，When 和 if 分别引导时间状语从句和条件状语从句，翻译时整个句子顺译即可。谓语结构 invent excuses 若直译为“制造借口”则显得拗口不自然，可结合语境译为“想办法”。 (4)第二段倒数第二句中，with some distinctly shaky evidence 作伴随状语，翻译时可直译为动宾结构“拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据”以使译文更加流畅。to the effect that 作 evidence 的同位语从句，该从句中，would eat us up 表示一种假设情况。根据语境
36、，jump to the rescue 中 jump 要表现出一种“着急”的心态，可译作“立即，迅速”。根据后面的搭配词 evidence，此处的 shaky 可译作“不可靠的，站不住脚的”。to the effect that 意为“大意是，含义是”。 (5)第二段最后一句中，of admitting.作 point 的后置定语，其中包含由 that 引导的宾语从句，该句在翻译时可用加冒号的方法译出，让步状语 regardless of 翻译时应前置。Intrinsic 意为“固有的，内在的，本质的”。结合语境，presence or absence 不宜简单译作“出席或缺席”，应译为“有无
37、”。4.But the sun“s rays then reach us after having passed, first, through an enormous thickness of the higher strata of the air, the minute dust of which reflects most of the blue rays away from us, leaving the complementary yellow light to pass on. Then, the somewhat coarser dust reflects the green
38、rays, leaving a more orange-colored light to pass on; and finally some of the yellow is reflected, leaving almost pure red. But owing to the constant presence of air currents, arranging both the dust and vapor in strata of varying extent and density, and of high or low clouds which both absorb and r
39、eflect the light in varying degrees, we see produced all those wondrous combinations of tints and those gorgeous ever-changing colors which are a constant source of admiration and delight to all who have the advantage of an uninterrupted view to the west and who are accustomed to watch for those not
40、 infrequent exhibitions of nature“s kaleidoscopic color painting. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：但是，太阳的光线在到达地面之前首先要穿过厚度极大的高空大气层，其中的细微尘埃把大部分的蓝色光反射掉了，仅让属于互补色的黄色光继续通行。接着，粗粒尘埃又将绿色光反射掉，让偏橙色的光继续通行；最后，部分黄色也被反射掉了，剩下的几乎是纯红色。不过，由于不断出现气流，把尘埃与水汽广度不均、密度各异地分层排列，加上高低空常有云层，不同程度地吸收并反射阳光，我们这才看到各种奇异的色调斑驳陆离，诸多绚丽的色彩变化万千。任何人只要有幸将西
41、天的景致一览无余，只要有心观看大自然不时展现的那一幅幅瞬息万变的彩画，都会为之赞不绝口，喜不自胜。 解析 (1)第一句在翻译时可以考虑将句子拆分重组。译文将谓语部分译成时间状语“在到达地面之前”，而将动名词短语having passed 译成谓语“要穿过”。 (2)最后一句很长，汉译时应采用拆句译法，将 which 引导的定语从句译成独立句，由 who 引导的定语从句则译成条件状语从句。5.As the Union armies pressed forward Lincoln gave increasing attention to the problem of restoring peace
42、 when victory was achieved, it must be done, he said in his second inaugural address, “With malice toward none; with charity for all.“ Desiring a speedy reconstruction of a united republic, he set forth a simple plan. Ten percent of the voters in a Confederate state, if they took an oath of allegian
43、ce to the United States, could organize a government and resume their old place in the federal union. By 1865 several states were putting the plan into operation. But strong opposition had developed in Congress. Many Republicans believed that such generosity was unrealistic. They felt that there sho
44、uld be more punishment for Southern traitors and more protection for fred slaves. The whole question of reconstruction remained unsettled at the time of Lincoln“s death. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：随着联邦军队向前推进，林肯越来越多地考虑胜利后重建和平的问题。他在第二次就职演说中说，“重建和平必须不对任何人怀有敌意，而要让每个人受惠”林肯渴望尽快地重建团结的共和国，提出了一个简便易行的计划。联盟各州中如果有百分之
45、十的人宣誓效忠美国，这些人就可以组成政府，恢复他们在联邦中原有的地位。到 1865 年，已经有好几个州将这个计划付诸实施。但是，对此国会中形成了强烈的反对势力。许多共和党人认为如此宽大是不切实际的，他们觉得南方叛国者应当受到更严厉的惩罚，而被解放的黑奴应当受到更多的保护。在林肯去世时，共和国的重建问题仍未解决。 解析 (1)第一句中，With malice toward Done；with charity for all 根据语境，可译为“不对任何人怀有敌意，而要让每个人受惠”。 (2)第二句中，reconstruction 是指的是美国内战后共和国的重建工作。 (3)第三句中，take an oath of 译为“宣誓”。allegiance 意为“效忠，忠诚”。 (4)倒数第四句中，译文将 strong opposition had developed 译为“形成了强烈的反对势力”就是根据develop 和 opposition 的翻译在汉语中的搭配习惯处理的。 (5)最后一句中，译文对语序进行了处理。根据汉语的表达习惯，将时间状语 at the time of Lincoln“s death 提前，译为“在林肯去世时”。
