1、专业八级-447 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.When I first read this line by England“s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not for
2、get it. Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear. Active happinessnot mere satisfact
3、ion or contentmentoften comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of ey
4、eglasses correcting your spiritual vision. Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall. Happy, the wall crumbles. （分数：20.00）_2.When did sport begin? If sport is, in
5、essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much, older than humankind, for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm w
6、restlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animalspast, present, and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run, wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh (or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears
7、 to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of life in earnest. Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experiment
8、ally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim tha
9、t the origins of our highest accomplishmentsliturgy, literature, and lawcan be traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the nondatable,
10、trans-species play impulse. （分数：20.00）_3.I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work, a life“s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist befor
11、e. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by t
12、he young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand where I am standing. Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spir
13、it. There is only one question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat. （分数：20.00）_4
14、.In a calm sea every man is a pilot. But all sunshine without shade, all pleasure without pain, is not life at all. Take the lot of the happiestit is a tangled yarn. Bereavements and blessings, one following another, make us sad and blessed by turns. Even death itself makes life more loving. Men com
15、e closest to their true selves in the sober moments of life, under the shadows of sorrow and loss. In the affairs of life or of business, it is not intellect that tells so much as character, not brains so much as heart, not genius so much as self-control, patience, and discipline, regulated by judgm
16、ent. I have always believed that the man who has begun to live more seriously within begins to live more simply without. In an age of extravagance and waste, I wish I could show to the world how few the real wants of humanity are. To regret one“s errors to the point of not repeating them is true rep
17、entance. There is nothing noble in being superior to some other man. The true nobility is in being superior to your previous self. （分数：20.00）_5.One must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an
18、 enormous numbers of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centers of research and to meet each other in conferences. From these meetings come
19、 the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost schemes of cooperation. But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate th
20、e incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advantages in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflect
21、ed in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences. （分数：20.00）_专业八级-447 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.When I first read this line by England“s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that
22、the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not forget it. Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, a
23、nd without the blind spots caused by fear. Active happinessnot mere satisfaction or contentmentoften comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friend
24、s are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision. Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall.
25、Happy, the wall crumbles. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：终于，我似乎领会了他的意思，并意识到这行诗意义深远。快乐带来的睿智存在于敏锐的洞察力之间，不会因忧虑而含混迷惑，也不会因绝望和厌倦而黯淡模糊，更不会因恐惧而造成盲点。 积极的快乐并非单纯的满意或知足，他们通常不期而至，就像四月里突然下起的春雨，或是花蕾的突然绽放。然后，你就会发觉与快乐结伴而来的究竟是何种体验。草地更为青翠，鸟吟更为甜美，朋友的缺点也变得更能让人理解、更可宽恕。快乐就像是一副眼镜，可以矫正你的精神视力。 快乐的视野并不仅限于你周围的事物。当你不快乐时，你的思维陷入情感上的悲哀，你的眼界
26、就像是被一道墙给阻隔住了。而当你快乐时，这道墙就会砰然倒塌。 解析 (1)划线部分第一段第一句中，根据上文可知，here 在句中指的是英国桂冠诗人作的一行诗，故应译为“这行诗”。 (2)第一段第二句中，“not fogged.nor dimmed., and without the blind spots.”为排比结构，因此在翻译时也应该采用同样的排比句式。 (3)第二段第一句话中的明喻(simile)使行文更加生动，译文中同样需要注意语言的生动表达，同时将comes suddenly译作成语“不期而至”使得译文更符合汉语的表达习惯。 (4)第二段第二句话中，wisdom 在文中特指快乐给人带
27、来的非同寻常的感官体验，即下文中的“草地更为青翠，鸟吟更为甜美，朋友的缺点也变得更能让人理解、更可宽恕”，此处将 wisdom译为“体验”，与后文中的“精神视力”形成了前后呼应。 (5)第二段第四句话中，correcting your spiritual vision 英语中的后置定语在翻译时应处理为前置定语，但有时为了使行文更加简洁，更符合汉语的表达习惯，并强调该定语的内容，可以将其译为独立分句。因此可以泽为“快乐就像是一副眼镜，可以矫正你的精神视力”。 (6)最后一段第二句话中，turn in upon 意为“全神贯注于，陷入”，英文释义为“to become preoccupied wi
28、th.”。根据语义逻辑，在翻译时应适当使用增译法，添加被省略的主语。2.When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much, older than humankind, for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurab
29、le games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animalspast, present, and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run, wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh (or so it
30、seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of life in earnest. Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our b
31、asic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a gran
32、d conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the origins of our highest accomplishmentsliturgy, literature, and lawcan be traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, nonfatali
33、stic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the nondatable, trans-species play impulse. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：特别是幼兽，它们翻筋斗、追逐、奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑(或者看起来是如此)，即使筋疲力尽，还是摇头摆尾。他们的玩耍，同我们的一样，似乎没有别的目的，只是带给游戏者愉悦，暂时将我们从严肃生活的痛苦中拉出来。一些哲学家称嬉戏是人类本性中最崇高的部分，按他们比较宽泛的概念来看，无害的、实验性的游戏可以激发我们的创造力、幻想和想象力。游戏把人们从永不间断亦不可避
34、免的生活悲剧与匮乏和衰退进行的枯燥的抗争中解脱出来。这是一个令人兴奋、给人启发的伟大见解。持这种见解的人宣称，我们的最高成就如宗教典礼、文学、法律的起源可以追溯到游戏的冲动，但令人不解的是，我们看到只有幼兽和小孩子才最纯粹地享受着这种冲动。 解析 (1)划线部分第一句中，分析句子可知，本句使用了一系列动词来描写幼兽嬉戏时的各种动作。为使其动作性得以延续，并明晰其中蕴含的逻辑关系，可将介词词组 to the point of delighted exhaustion译为“即使筋疲力尽，还是摇头摆尾”；其中将 delighted译为“摇头摆尾”，使译文更加生动形象。 (2)第二句中，no othe
35、r.than 通常译作“除外没有”。如：The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender译作“被打败的敌人只得投降”。 (3)第三句和第四句合译为一句，根据句子间蕴含的逻辑关系，将句子合并，可使文章结构更加紧凑，语义更加连贯。put.into action 本义为“使开动，使开始”，为了与“创造力、幻想和想象力”相搭配，此处可转译为“激发”。 (4)第五句中，分析句子可知，Play is release.为判断句。按照汉语的表达习惯，在翻译时应调整句子语序，将 release表示的内容后置并译成汉语的“把”字句，化名词为动词，从而使“
36、解脱出来”成为句子的信息焦点和注意中心，也更加贴近原文大意。 (5)划线部分倒数第二句中，excite 和 provoke通常用作及物动词，在本句中作不及物动词使用。根据上下文可将它译作“令人兴奋的、给人启发的”。 (6)划线部分最后一句中，包含由 which引导的定语从句 which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children，由于句子较长且内容相对独立，故可将其处理为独立的分句作为对 a play impulse的补充说明，译作“但令人不解的是，我们看到只有幼兽和小孩子才最纯粹地享受着这种冲
37、动”。paradoxically 本意为“自相矛盾地，似是而非地”，在这里可转译为“但令人不解的是”。3.I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work, a life“s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not
38、 exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be list
39、ened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand where I am standing. Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems
40、 of the spirit. There is only one question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.
41、（分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：我感到这份奖赏不是授予我个人而是授予我的工作的授予我一生从事关于人类精神的呕心沥血的工作。我从事这项工作，不图虚名，更不为一己之利，而是为了从人的精神原料中创造出一些从前不曾有过的东西。因此，这份奖赏只不过是托我保管而已。要做出与这份奖赏原本的目的和意义相符、又与其奖金等价的献词并不困难，但我还愿意利用这个时刻，利用这个举世瞩目的讲坛，向那些可能听到我说话并已献身于同一艰苦劳动的男女青年致敬。他们中肯定有人有一天也会站到我现在站着的地方来。我们今天的悲剧是人们普遍存在一种生理上的恐惧，这种恐惧存在已久，我们已经习以为常了。现在不存在精神上的问题，唯一的
42、问题是：“我什么时候会被炸得粉身碎骨?”正因如此，今天从事写作的男女青年已经忘记了人类内心的冲突。而这本身就能成就好作品。因为这是唯一值得写、值得呕心沥血地去写的题材。 解析 (1)第一段第一句句子很长，在翻译时可根据句意将其进行拆分处理。其中，a life“s work.是 my work的同位语，翻译时可采用加破折号的方法。agony and sweat 字面意思为“痛苦和汗水”，将其处理成形容词“呕心沥血的”作 work的定语，可使译文更加顺畅。并列介词短语 not for.but to.作a life“s work的后置定语，由于这两个后置定语较长，翻译时可采用“分译法”将其单独翻译成
43、句。 (2)第一段第二句中，in trust 作 mine的后置定语，意为“被托管”，将其译为“托我保管”则更符合汉语的表达习惯。 (3)第一段第三句中，commensurate 意为“相等的，相称的”，常与 with搭配，表示“与相应，与相当”。 (4)第一段最后一句是一个多重复合句，句式较复杂。acclaim 本义为“喝彩，称赞”，根据下文可知，do the same with the acclaim在本句中的意思是“给台下的青年以同样的称赞”，将其处理成“向致敬”可使语言更加通顺、精炼。pinnacle 本义为“顶峰，顶点”，此处结合语境可意译为“举世瞩目的讲坛”。anguish and
44、 travail 词义相近，不必分开来译，将其合译为“艰苦劳动”即可传达出原文的意思。whom 引导的定语从句较长，应单独翻译成句。 (5)第二段第一句中，需注意后置定语 so long sustained.的翻译，此处可采用分译法处理使译文更加简单流畅。要注意的是，由于该后置定语是修饰 fear的，因此在拆译时应补充被修饰词“这种恐惧”以使句子脉络更加清晰。同时，过去分词 sustained在翻译时应将其被动意义转换为主动意义，译为“存在已久”则更加符合汉语的表达习惯。 (6)第二段最后一句也是一个多重复合句，句子较长。翻译的难点在于后置定语中嵌套的定语从句，这部分通常可单独翻译成句。in
45、conflict with itself 作 human heart的后置定语，在翻译时可处理成human heart的宾语，译为“人类内心的冲突”，使句子更加通顺。because 引导的原因状语从句顺译即可。4.In a calm sea every man is a pilot. But all sunshine without shade, all pleasure without pain, is not life at all. Take the lot of the happiestit is a tangled yarn. Bereavements and blessings,
46、one following another, make us sad and blessed by turns. Even death itself makes life more loving. Men come closest to their true selves in the sober moments of life, under the shadows of sorrow and loss. In the affairs of life or of business, it is not intellect that tells so much as character, not
47、 brains so much as heart, not genius so much as self-control, patience, and discipline, regulated by judgment. I have always believed that the man who has begun to live more seriously within begins to live more simply without. In an age of extravagance and waste, I wish I could show to the world how few the real wants of humanity are. To regret one“s errors to the point of not repeating them is true repentance. There is nothing noble in being superior to
