1、专业八级-437 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to an
2、swer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).In his research, what did Peter Williams find about training in small firms?（分数：1.00）A.They spend too little on training.B.They are unaware of their training expenses.C.They receive state subsidies for training.D.The
3、y increase their training budgets.(2).Small firms do not have specific training budgets because（分数：1.00）A.they do not want to invest in training.B.they do not have time to provide training.C.they do not plan their training.D.they do not have professional guidance.(3).When calculating the cost of in-
4、house training, many small firms do not include（分数：1.00）A.course fees.B.managers time.C.accountants costs.D.travel expenses.(4).Above all else, small businesses want training that（分数：1.00）A.will answer their short-term needs.B.does not require immediate investment.C.will help their planning procedur
5、es.D.will focus on long-term business needs.(5).The first university courses for small companies will deal with（分数：1.00）A.business growth.B.computing needs.C.structural change.D.managerial skills.四、SECTION C(总题数：4，分数：5.00)1. Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item ,yo
6、u will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.The Philippine government has banned（分数：1.00）A.news reports about the fighting in the Philippines.B.news reports about the fighting in the villages.C.news reports about the fighting on Jolo Island.D.some newspapers.Questions 7
7、 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Where did this accident happen?（分数：1.00）A.In the capital Buenos Aires.B.Near the beach resort of Mar del Plata.C.Near Dolores.D.N
8、ot mentioned.(2).How many people were on the bus?（分数：1.00）A.18.B.50.C.2.D.63.2. Question 9 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item ,you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.What was Barack Obamas response toward Hillarys suggestion?（分数：1.00）A.He
9、 made no comments on Hillarys suggestion.B.He had no choice but to accept Hillarys suggestion.C.He refused to take Hillarys suggestion.D.He decided to quit the election campaign.3. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the ques
10、tion. Now listen to the news.What happened on Thursday?（分数：1.00）A.Israel announced plans to build up to 750 new homes in a Jewish settlement.B.A Palestinian gunman killed eight students at a Jewish seminary.C.Israel stepped up security across the country.D.Olmert promised to fight militants in the W
11、est Bank and Gaza.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Few modern travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir Wilfred Thesiger, who died in 2003. Despising the “drab uniformity of the modern world“, Sir Wilfred slogged across Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on anim
12、als and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. He delighted in killing-lions in Sudan in the years before the second world war, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked “soft“ living and “intrusive“ women and revered murderous savages, to whom be gave guns. He thought educating the worki
13、ng classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of masochistic endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, Arabian Sands, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and The Marsh Arabs, about southern Iraq, have a terse brilliance about them.
14、 As records of ancient cultures on the point of oblivion, they are unrivalled.Sir Wilfreds critics invariably sing the same chorus. They accuse him of hypocrisy, noting that his part-time primitive lifestyle required a private income and good connections to obtain travel permits. They argue that he
15、deluded himself about the motives of his adored tribal companions. In Kenya, where he lived for two decades towards the end of his life, his Samburu “sons“ are calculated to have fleeced him of at least $ 1m. Homosexuality, latent or otherwise, explains him, they conclude, pointing to the photograph
16、s he took of beautiful youths.This may all be true, but it does not diminish his achievements. Moreover, he admits as much himself in his autobiography and elsewhere, in 1938, before his main travels, for example, Sir Wilfred wrote of his efforts to adopt foreign ways:“ I dont delude myself that I s
17、ucceed but I get my interest and pleasure trying.“In this authorised biography, Alexander Maitland adds a little colour to the picture, but no important details. He describes the beatings the explorer suffered at his first boarding school. Quoting from Sir Wilfreds letters, he traces the craggy trav
18、elers devotion to his dead father, his mother and three brothers. At times, Sir Wilfred sounds more forgiving, especially of friends, and more playful than his reputation has suggested. As for his sexuality, Mr. Maitland refers coyly to occasional “furtive embraces“, presumably with men. Wearisome a
19、s this topic has become, Mr. Maitland achieves nothing by skirting it; and his allusion to Sir Wilfreds “almost too precious“ relationship with his mother is annoyingly vague.There may be a reason why Mr. Maitland struggles for critical distance. He writes that he and Sir Wilfred were long-standing
20、friends, but he fails to mention that he collaborated with the explorer on four of his books and later inherited his London flat. If Mr. Maitland found it so difficult to view his late friend and benefactor objectively, then perhaps he should not have tried. An earlier biography by Michael Asher, wh
21、o scoured the deserts to track down Sir Wilfreds former fellow travellers, was better; Mr. Maitland seems to have interviewed almost nobody black or brown.His book is, however, a useful companion to the explorers autobiography, The Life of My Choice. Hopefully, it will also refer readers back to Sir
22、 Wilfreds two great books, and to sentences as lovely as this:“ Memories of that first visit to the Marshes have never left me: firelight on a half-turned face, the crying of geese, duck flighting in to feed, a boys voice singing somewhere in the dark, canoes moving in procession down a waterway, th
23、e setting sun seen crimson through the smoke of burning reed-beds, narrow waterways that wound still deeper into the Marshes./（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE of Sir Wilfred Thesiger?（分数：1.00）A.He enjoyed killing lions, tigers, etc.B.He loved unintrusive women.C.He advocated educating ser
24、vants.D.He longed for primitive life.(2).Sir Wilfred Thesigers behavior has called forth some criticism partly because（分数：1.00）A.his behavior doesnt comfort to his words.B.he lived in Kenya for twenty years.C.he earned $ 1m in Kenya.D.he loved tribal friends.(3).How does Sir Wilfred respond to the c
25、ritics?（分数：1.00）A.He simply ignores their criticism.B.He acknowledges the criticism is well-grounded.C.He doesnt defend himself.D.He tries to establish relationship with foreigners.(4).In Alexander Maitlands writing, Sir Wilfred Thesiger is all but（分数：1.00）A.a devoted son.B.a tolerant friend.C.a cun
26、ning man.D.a naughty man.(5).Which of tile following is mentioned in Alexander Maitlands. writing?（分数：1.00）A.Sir Wilfred Thesigers unhappy college life.B.His good relationship with Sir Wilfred.C.How he contacted Sir Wilfreds former fellow travelers.D.What he inherited from Sir Wilfred.七、TEXT B(总题数：1
27、，分数：6.00)What makes for a successful invasion? Often, the answer is to have better weapons than the enemy. And, as it is with people, so it is with plantsat least, that is the conclusion of a paper published in Biology Letters by Naomi Cappuccino, of Carleton University, and Thor Arnason, of the Uni
28、versity of Ottawa, both in Canada.The phenomenon of alien species popping up unexpected parts of the world has grown over the past few decades as people and goods become more mobile and plant seeds and animal larvae have hitched along for the ride. Most such aliens blend into the ecosystem in which
29、they arrive without too much fuss. (Indeed, many probably fail to establish themselves at allbut those failures, of course, are never noticed.) Occasionally, though, something goes bananas and starts trying to take the place over, and an invasive species is born. Dr. Cappuccino and Dr. Arnason asked
30、 themselves why.One hypothesis is that aliens leave their predators behind. Since the predators in their new homelands are not adapted to exploit them, they are able to reproduce unchecked. That is a nice idea, but it does not explain why only certain aliens become invasive. Dr. Cappuccino and Dr. A
31、rnason suspected this might be because native predators are sometimes “pre-adapted“ to the aliens defences, but in other cases they are not.To test this, they had first to establish a reliable list of invaders. That is not as easy as it sounds. As they observe, “although there are many lists of inva
32、sive species published by governmental agencies, inclusion of a given species in the lists may not be entirely free of political motivation“. Instead, they polled established researchers in the field of alien species, asking each to list ten invasive species and, for comparison, ten aliens that just
33、 rubbed along quietly with their neighbours. The result was a list of 21 species widely agreed to be invasive and, for comparison, 18 non-invasive aliens.Having established these lists, they went to the library to find out what was known about the plants chemistry. Their aim was to find the most pro
34、minent chemical weapon in each plant, whether that weapon was directed against insects that might want to eat the plant, bacteria and fungi that might want to infect it, or other plants that might compete for space, water, nutrients and light. Botanists know a lot about which sorts of compounds have
35、 what roles, so classifying constituent chemicals in this way was not too hard.The researchers then compared the chemical arsenals of their aliens with those of native North American plants, to see if superior (or, at least, unusual) weaponry was the explanation for the invaders success. Their hypot
36、hesis was that highly invasive species would have chemical weapons not found in native plants, and which pests, parasites and other plants would therefore not have evolved any resistance to. The more benign aliens, by contrast, were predicted to have arsenals also found in at least some native speci
37、es.And so it proved. More than 40% of the invasive species had a chemical unknown to native plants, just over 10% of the non-invasive aliens had such a chemical. Moreover, when they looked at past studies on alien plants that had examined how much such plants suffer from the depredations of herbivor
38、ous insects, they found that the extent of the damage reported was significantly correlated with the number of native species with which that alien shared its principal chemical weapon.For alien plants, then, the real secret of successalso as in human warfareis surprise. It is not that the chemicals
39、 concerned are more toxic in any general sense (indeed, successful invaders are often rare in their own native habitats). Rather, it is that the locals just dont see them coming.（分数：6.00）(1).In dozens of years, there are more cases of the invasion of alien species partly because（分数：1.00）A.plant seed
40、s are resistant to antibiotics.B.people tend to hitch a ride.C.there are more circulation of goods.D.animal larvae become stronger.(2).The expression “something goes bananas“ in Paragraph 2 probably means something（分数：1.00）A.gets bananas.B.important happen.C.becomes crazy.D.frightening happen.(3).Th
41、e difference between Dr. Cappuccino and Dr. Arnasons hypothesis and the previous one is that（分数：1.00）A.the former mentions native predators of alien species.B.the former may account for the invasion of certain aliens.C.the latter explains the adaptation of the predators.D.the latter may explore the
42、pre-adaptation of the predators.(4).The researchers didnt refer to the lists of invaders published by governmental agencies due to _ consideration.（分数：1.00）A.financialB.politicalC.academicD.economic(5).Which of the following is TRUE of chemical weapons of invasive species?（分数：1.00）A.It is difficult
43、to find the chemical weapons of invasive species.B.The most prominent chemical weapons of invaders explain their success.C.The less chemical weapons invaders have, the more benign they become.D.Most native plants dont have the same chemical weapons of aliens.(6).According to the text, the success of
44、 invasion lies in the fact that the native plants（分数：1.00）A.are unaware of the invasion of alien species.B.contain more poisonous chemicals.C.are defeated in plant warfare.D.may die out in their own habitats.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Some business books are like a CD recorded by a one-hit-wonder pop st
45、ar. On the CD, the stars original hit is padded with dross hurriedly bundled together to cash in on the stars ephemeral fame. Consumers, at the end of the day, regret not having bought just the original hit song.Work force Crisis grew out of an article by the same authors that appeared in the Harvar
46、d Business Review in March 2004. Called Its Time to Retire Retirement. it achieved fame of a sort when it won the McKinsey Prize, an award granted annually to the “most significant“ article to have appeared in the publication during the previous year. It gained even more fame by association, being j
47、oint winner that year with what turned out to be Peter Druckers last article What Makes an Effective Executive for the publication.Now here is the CD extension of that original hit. It takes the basic thesis of the articlethat the long- standing corporate practice of investing heavily in youth and p
48、ushing out older workers must change, “or companies will find themselves running off a demographic cliff as baby boomers age“-and puffs it out to the 200-plus pages that book publishers demand as a minimum.The authors original article was already on shaky ground in stating that, as baby boomers (peo
49、ple born between 1946 and 1964, the oldest of whom are just now reaching 60) retire, “there wont be nearly enough young people entering the workforce to compensate for the exodus“. An article in the August 2003 issue of Organizational Dynamics, by Peter Cappelli of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, had already knocked that idea on the head. Mr. Cappelli too
