1、专业八级-411 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fiction and RealityThe relationship between fiction and reality1. Fiction: the(1) _reflection of reality (1) _.Reality: the(2) _of the creation of fiction (2) _.e.g. Why Tortoises Shell Is Not SmoothThe
2、 writers purpose: to reveal(3) _ (3) _.2. Fiction: the(4) _recreation of reality (4) _.-it gives us the impression of(5) _ (5) _.e.g. Carton in A Tale of Two CitiesRebecca in Vanity Fair-Fiction: the reflection of life based on their(6) _thought and judgment (6) _.-Typical characters: an element(7)
3、_the art of fiction (7) _.3.Fiction:(8) _on reality (8) _.e.g. Robinson Crusoe: the(9) _of conqueror, adventure and expansion (9) _.Robinson Complex: a great(10) _driving peoples pursuit of happiness (10) _.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总
4、题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the interviewee Mrs, Sutter, the mason for limiting population is that _.（分数：1.00）A.p
5、opulation is directly related to consuming food and other resources which are being run outB.underdeveloped countries have great problems in increasing productivity to produce more materialsC.people are destroying living environmentD.there is less space for people to live in(2).Why is it necessary t
6、o limit population even in Europe and America?（分数：1.00）A.They can save more to meet the needs of underdeveloped world.B.Europe and America shouldnt shirk the responsibility of the whole world.C.The number of people in Europe and America is no less than that in underdeveloped world.D.Europe and Ameri
7、ca consume a far greater proportion of the worlds resources and foo(3).Under what circumstances is it possible to increase population?（分数：1.00）A.We increase productivity and produce more food.B.We eat less food and use less material.C.We find another planet to live on.D.The developed world is willin
8、g to help the underdeveloped worl(4).Free birth control technique should be compulsory for all the people EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.upper-middle class peopleB.high IQ intelligentsiaC.those who have less than 3 childrenD.those who have more than 3 children(5).What is this interview mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.
9、The need to control population both in underdeveloped and developed world.B.How to control population in Europe.C.Scarcity of food in the world.D.Population and Environment.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20
10、seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to a top Ethiopian official, the border war will continue _.（分数：1.00）A.unless Eritrea stops fightingB.unless both countries agree to the peace planC.unless Ethiopia has seized all the land it lost beforeD.unless a peace pl
11、an is proposed(2).What were the Ethiopians doing during the gathering?（分数：1.00）A.They are being encouraged to take arms and fight for their country.B.They were only listening to a speech delivered by the ministration.C.They are making a declaration of war.D.They are celebrating a victory.Question 9
12、to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item. you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What happened to Sonny?（分数：1.00）A.He was injured in the head.B.He hit a tree.C.He was lost.D.He died in a car accident.(2).Mr. Bono was all of
13、the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.a press secretaryB.an entertainerC.a congress manD.a popular singer1.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item. you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.The politician who was killed was _.（分数：1.00）A.Mal
14、aysias Prime MinisterB.Malaysias Minister of CultureC.the speaker of a State AssemblyD.the spokesman of the Prime Ministers office五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)As we have seen in earlier chapters, the American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a
15、 higher material standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that Americans have valued education for its monetary value. The belief is wide spread in the United States that the more schooling people have, the more money they will earn when they leave school. The belief is strongest regardi
16、ng the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a professional degree such as medicine or law following the undergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees in “nonprofessional“ fields such as art, history, or philosophy is not as great.This belief in the monetary value of edu
17、cation is supported by statistics on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, estimated that in the course of a lifetime a man with a college degree in 1972 would earn about￥380. 000 more than a man with just a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain Survey findings which showed that A
18、mericans who wished they had led their lives differently in some way regretted most of all that they did net get more education.The regret is shared by those who have made it to the top and by those who have not. Journalist Richard Reeves quotes a black worker in a Ford automobile factory.“When I wa
19、s in the ninth grade, I was getting bad grades and messing around. My father came home in the kitchen one night with a pair of Ford work punts and he threw them in my face. Put these on, he said, because youre going to be wearing them the rest of your life if you dont get an education. “Douglas Fras
20、er, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, regretted not finishing high school so much that he occasionally lied about it. He told Richard Reeves about his pride in graduating from high school, but then a few minutes later he said:“I wasnt telling the truth about high school. I never finish
21、ed. I quit in the twelfth grade to take a job. Its funny after all these years, I still lie about it. Because the fact is, I still think it was a stupid thing to do. I should have finished my education.“Even a man like Fraser, a nationally known and successful leader, was troubled by regrets that he
22、 did not climb higher on the educational ladder.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Americans place a high value on education.B.Americans believe it is possible, though difficult, to be successful without an advanced degree.C.Americans believe that the more the education, t
23、he higher the salary.D.A basic American value is acquiring material wealt(2).Which of the following degrees would probably be most valued by Americans?（分数：1.00）A.A masters degree in literature.B.A masters degree in specialized fields.C.A masters degree in pure maths.D.A masters degree in anthropolog
24、y.(3).The survey conducted by Ben suggested that people _ regretted most having not got more education.（分数：1.00）A.who hoped to teachB.who were not content with their own way of livingC.who were proud of their social positionsD.who had quit high schools too early(4).When the factory worker in the thi
25、rd paragraph was a teenager, his father _.（分数：1.00）A.wanted him to start earning a livingB.wanted him to study harderC.wanted him to work with him at the Ford plantD.wanted him to stop wearing such messy clothes(5).Which of the following is TRUE about Douglas Fraser?（分数：1.00）A.He was proud to have f
26、inished high school education.B.He became a successful leader thanks to his education.C.He wished he hadnt dropped out of school.D.He was a liar.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot
27、 be gained from societys present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the pa
28、st, as Homers epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myth
29、s by which they live are based on all of these, But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that make
30、s for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modem man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his person
31、al worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for“. There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as ate found in totalitarian socie
32、ties, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more th
33、an societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth-a vision-about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear th
34、at life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purp
35、oselessness -in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.（分数：5.00）(1).In the authors view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in the _.（分数：1.00）A.lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social lifeB.non-existence of unanimity on the form
36、s the society should takeC.general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to beD.public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms(2).Homers epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact that _.（分数：1.00）A.the present is varying too fast to be caught up easilyB.the
37、future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictableC.the past can help to shape a consensus in the presentD.the past determines social moralities for later generations(3).The asocial personality of Americans results from _.（分数：1.00）A.the multiracial constituents of the US societyB.the absence of a co
38、mmon religion and ancestryC.the want of shared myths they possess in lifeD.the obstruction of achieving a general agreement(4).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Christopher Lasch is most probably _.（分数：1.00）A.an earnest nationalistB.an advanced psychologistC.a radical reformerD.a social histo
39、rian(5).The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans _.（分数：1.00）A.bring about the uniformity of their cultureB.diminish their great individual differencesC.avoid the sense of being isolated and anxiousD.regain the feelings of social values and morale八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)On an ave
40、rage of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect
41、 an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“, is a
42、 crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most often in the “passive“ form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a someti
43、mes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to b
44、e gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.Reasons for the latest sur
45、ge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, women to almost 80. As Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of “rational euthanasia“ says, “lingering chronic diseases have replaced critic
46、al illnesses as the primary cause of death.“And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have the right to “die with dignity“, by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization.
47、Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia has argued that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life.That right is unlikely to get legal re
48、cognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safeguards.（分数：5.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.“Active“ euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.B.The doctor who carried out euthanasia will be charged.C.An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.D.“Active“ euthanasia executives will be sentenced to 12 years imp
