1、专业八级-402 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to the hostess, what is the reason for increased competition in clothing industry?（分数：1.00）A
2、.The increased cost of raw materials.B.The booming market for fast fashion.C.Consumers needs for luxury fashion.D.The increased cost of human resources.(2).According to James, the Ethical Consumer Research Association aims to_.（分数：1.00）A.provide information that might reveal the company ethicsB.stud
3、y the ethical aspect of consumers while shoppingC.do research on ethical consumers behavior and valuesD.give consumers useful information on quality of products(3).According to James, which of the following does NOT make an ethical shopper?（分数：1.00）A.He/she is concerned about the human labor involve
4、d in the product.B.He/she wonders whether the company in involved in armaments.C.He/she wonders whether the company manages to make ends meet.D.He/she wants to know which party the company financially supports.(4).According to James, how can one become an ethical shopper?（分数：1.00）A.One should be wea
5、lthy enough.B.One should buy cheap things.C.One should buy everything second-hand.D.One should buy less.(5).According to James, what is his attitude toward the future development of ethical shopping?（分数：1.00）A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Ambiguous.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 9 and 10 are
6、 based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).An armed gang attacked buses on the border between Congo and_.（分数：1.00）A.TogoB.CabindaC.AngolaD.Zaire(2).According to the news, which of the following s
7、tatements is INCORRECT?（分数：1.00）A.The bus driver has been killed by the armed gang.B.The number of the injured has remained unknown.C.The minister for Cabinda said rebels carried out the attack.D.No organization has claimed responsibility for the incident.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following
8、 news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).US president Obama met with Russian Prime Minister Putin for_.（分数：1.00）A.the first timeB.the second timeC.the third timeD.the fourth time(2).What can be inferred from the news
9、?（分数：1.00）A.US President Obama has only focused on the world security issues in his speech.B.US President Obamas visit to Moscow aims to build better relations with Russia.C.Russia and America have reached consensus on most world security and economic issues.D.US President Obama has delivered a spee
10、ch to graduates of a polytechnic institut1.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.What is the main idea of the news?（分数：1.00）A.People suffering from the oil spill will be compensated by BP.B.B
11、P oil spill has brought a serious natural disaster in the Gulf.C.BP has already paid $700 million since the start of the disaster.D.The fund to help victims of BP oil spill plans to pay claims quickly.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Considering how jazz is transcribed in Ch
12、inese (jueshi), you may be misled into assuming that it is an aristocratic cultural form. Nothing could be further from the truth. It originated among black Americans at the end of the 19th century, at a time when they occupied the very bottom of the American social heap.So how has something that wa
13、s created by a once downtrodden and despised minority acquired a central place in todays American culture? Mr. Darrell A. Jenks, director of the American Center for Educational Exchange, and also a drummer in the jazz band Window, analyses the phenomenon for us here.Perhaps the essence of America is
14、 that you could never get two Americans to agree on just what that might be. After thinking about it for a while, we might chuckle and say, “Hmm, seems like being American is a bit more complicated than we thought. “ Certainly things like individualism, success (the “American Dream“), innovation and
15、 tolerance stand out. But these things come together because of our ability to work with one another and find common purpose no matter how diverse we might be.Some, like African-American writer Ralph Ellison, believe that jazz captures the essence of America. For good reason, for in jazz all of the
16、characteristics I mentioned above come together. The solos are a celebration of individual brilliance that cant take place without the group efforts of the rhythm section. Beyond that, though, jazz has a connection to the essence of America in a much more fundamental way. It is an expression of the
17、African roots of American culture, a musical medium that exemplifies the culture of the Africans whose culture came to dominate much of what is American.Thats right, in many respects Americas roots are in Africa. Read Ralph Ellisons perceptive description of the transformation of separate African an
18、d European cultures at the hands of the slaves:“. the dancing of those slaves who, looking through the windows of a plantation manor house from the yard, imitated the steps so gravely performed by the masters within and then added to them their own special flair, burlesquing the white folks and then
19、 going on to force the steps into a choreography uniquely their own. The whites, looking out at the activity in the yard, thought that they were being flattered by imitation and were amused by the incongruity of tattered blacks dancing courtly steps, while missing completely the fact that before the
20、ir eyes a European cultural form was becoming Americanized, undergoing a metamorphosis through the mocking activity of a people partially sprung from Africa. “ (Ralph Ellison, Living with Music, pp 83-84).Jazz brought together elements from Africa and Europe, fusing them into a new culture, an expre
21、ssion unique to the Americans.Out of this fusion came an idea that we Americans believe central to our identity: tolerance. Both cultures represented in Ellisons passage eventually came to realize each others value. Americans acknowledge that in diversity is our strength. We learn every day that oth
22、er cultures and peoples may make valuable contributions to our way of life. Jazz music is the embodiment of this ideal, combining elements from African and European cultures into a distinctly American music.Jazz reflects two contradictory facets of American life. On the one hand it is a team effort,
23、 where every musician is completely immersed in what the group does together, listening to each of the other players and building on their contributions to create a musical whole. On the other hand, the band features a soloist who is an individual at the extreme, a genius like Charlie Parker who exp
24、lores musical territory where no one has ever gone before. In the same sense, American life is also a combination of teamwork and individualism, a combination of individual brilliance with the ability to work with others.We hope that many Chinese friends can bring their own unique contributions to o
25、ur music, adding their own culture to our American heritage. As Ralph Ellison said of the US, “We have the Bill of Rights, the Constitution, and we have jazz. /（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following words in Paragraph 1 CANNOT serve to indicate the statement “Nothing could be further from the truth. ”?
26、（分数：1.00）A.aristocraticB.bottomC.misledD.heap(2).What does the first sentence of Paragraph 3 imply?（分数：1.00）A.Americans could hardly agree with each other.B.Its hard to define what is the essence of America.C.Never have two Americans agree on what is the essence of America.D.The essence of America m
27、ight be the diversity of ideas.(3).Why do the black people imitate the dancing steps of their masters?（分数：1.00）A.To mock their masters.B.To show their respect.C.To learn new dance steps.D.To fit into a new cultur(4).Whats the function of citing Ralph Ellisons description of the slaves dancing?（分数：1.
28、00）A.To illustrate the transformation of African and European cultures.B.To illustrate how a strong culture conquers an underprivileged culture.C.To illustrate the formation of American culture.D.To illustrate the formation of Jazz musi(5).What characteristic in Americans is revealed in Ellisons pas
29、sage?（分数：1.00）A.Tolerance.B.Individualism.C.The American dream.D.Innovation.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Vibrations in the ground are a poorly understood but probably widespread means of communication between animals.It seems unlikely that these animals could have detected seismic “pre-shocks“ that were m
30、issed by the sensitive vibration-detecting equipment that clutters the worlds earthquake laboratories. But it is possible. And the fact that many animal species behave strangely before other natural events such as storms, and that they have the ability to detect others of their species at distances
31、which the familiar human senses could not manage, is well established. Such observations have led some to suggest that these animals have a kind of extra-sensory perception. What is more likely, though, is that they have an extra sensea form of perception that people lack. The best guess is that the
32、y can feel and understand vibrations that are transmitted through the ground.Almost all the research done into animal signalling has been on sight, hearing and smell, because these are senses that people possess. Humans have no sense organs designed specifically to detect terrestrial vibrations. But
33、, according to researchers who have been meeting in Chicago at a symposium of the society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, this anthropocentric approach has meant that interactions via vibrations of the ground (a means of communication known as seismic signalling) have been almost entirely o
34、ver-looked. These researchers believe that such signals are far more common than biologists had realizedand that they could explain a lot of otherwise inexplicable features of animal behaviour.Until recently, the only large mammal known to produce seismic signals was the elephant seal, a species who
35、se notoriously aggressive bulls slug it out on beaches around the world for possession of harems of females. But Caitlin OConnell-Rodwell of Stanford University, who is one of the speakers at the symposium, suspects that a number of large terrestrial mammals, including rhinos, lions and elephants al
36、so use vibration as a means of communication. At any rate they produce loud noises that are transmitted through both the ground and the airand that can travel farther in the first than in the second. Elephants, according to Dr. OConnell-Rodwell, can transmit signals through the ground this way for d
37、istances of as much as 50km when they trumpet, make mock charges or stomp their feet.A seismic sense could help to explain certain types of elephant behaviour. One is an apparent ability to detect thunderstorms well beyond the range that the sound of a storm can carry. Another is the foot-lifting th
38、at many elephants display prior to the arrival of another herd. Rather than scanning the horizon with their ears, elephants tend to freeze their posture and raise and lower a single foot. This probably helps them to work out from which direction the vibrations are travellingrather as a person might
39、stick a finger first in one ear and then in the other to work out the direction that a sound is coming from.In the past decade, many insects, spiders, scorpions, amphibians, reptiles and rodents, as well as large mammals, have been shown to use vibrations for purposes as diverse as territorial defen
40、se, mate location and prey detection. Lions, for example, have vibration detectors in their paws and probably use them in the same way as scorpions use their vibration detectorsto locate meals.Dr. Hill herself spent years trying to work out how prairie mole crickets, a highly territorial species of
41、burrowing insect, manage to space themselves out underground. After many failed attempts to provoke a reaction by playing recordings of cricket song to them, she realized that they were actually more interested in her own footfalls than in the airborne music of their fellow crickets. This suggests t
42、hat it is the seismic component of the song that the insects are picking up and using to distribute themselves.Whether any of this really has implications for such things as earthquake prediction is, of course, highly speculative. But it is a salutary reminder that the limitations of human senses ca
43、n cause even competent scientists to overlook obvious lines of enquiry. Absence of evidence, it should always be remembered, is not evidence of absence.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the basic difference between animals and men in perception?（分数：1.00）A.Animals can detect seismic “pre-shocks“.B.Animals can det
44、ect storms before they take place.C.Animals can sense others of their species at distances.D.Animals can sense vibrations transmitted through the groun(2).Which of the following mammals is sure to use vibration as a means of communication?（分数：1.00）A.Elephant seal.B.Elephant.C.Rhino.D.Lion.(3).Why do
45、es an elephant raise and lower a single foot before another herd arrives?（分数：1.00）A.To detect the direction of the sound.B.To detect the direction of the vibrations.C.To hear more clearly.D.To better sense the vibration.(4).Vibration is used to serve all of the following purposes EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.
46、to detect changes in the environmentB.to find their partnersC.to locate their preysD.to protect themselves(5).What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Earthquake prediction is highly possible.B.The limitations of human sense will lead to the limitations of humans ability.C.Some scien
47、tists have overlooked some hidden abilities in human.D.Being lacking in evidence doesnt mean its absenc八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Early in the film “A Beautiful Mind“, the mathematician John Nash is seen sitting in a Princeton courtyard, hunched over a playing board covered with small black and white pi
48、eces that look like pebbles. He was playing Go, an ancient Asian game. Frustration at losing that game inspired the real Nash to pursue the mathematics of game theory, research for which he eventually was awarded a Nobel Prize.In recent years, computer experts, particularly those specializing in art
49、ificial intelligence, have felt the same fascination and frustration. Programming other board games has been a relative snap. Even chess has succumbed to the power of the processor. Five years ago, a chess-playing computer called Deep Blue not only beat but thoroughly humbled Garry Kasparov, the world champion at that time. That is because chess, while highly complex, can be red
