1、专业八级-400 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)End the University as We Know It . Problems confronting American universities A. impractical graduate 1 B. isolated departments / overspecialized sciences C. encouraged phenomenon of 2 . Root for the pr
2、oblems the 3 of universities A. origin The Conflict of the Faculties (1798) by Kant B. model mass production / a 4 C. concept learn all sciences by mass production, so each branch has its trustee . Steps to improve American higher education are A. restructuring curriculum 1. method to replace separa
3、te 5 with complex adaptive web-like curriculum 2. purpose to make teaching and scholarship cross-disciplinary to engage more sciences in comparative analysis of common problems B. 6 programs 1. reason programs evolve with society, some may be out of date 2. purpose to avoid sunset clauses to address
4、 practical problems to develop new theoretical insights and practical solutions C. increasing 7 among institutions 1. purpose to reduce workload of institutions to share students and faculty 2. means teleconference, Internet, etc. D. transforming the traditional 8 1. reason less market for tradition
5、al ones 2. advice using novel formats like films or video games E. expanding professional options for graduate students: to prepare students for future work to improve students“ 9 to the changing world F. imposing mandatory retirement and abolishing tenure to encourage faculties to continue to evolv
6、e to 10 young people （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. （分数：5.00）(1).What does M
7、r. Stevenson think of his profession?（分数：1.00）A.It is cool.B.It is decent.C.It is awesome.D.It receives a mixed reaction.(2).When did Mr. Stevenson have the idea of becoming a lawyer?（分数：1.00）A.When he was in elementary school.B.When he was in junior high.C.When he was in senior high.D.When he was i
8、n law school.(3).In Mr. Stevenson“s opinion, the approach to practicing law can be summarized as _（分数：1.00）A.going to law school.B.taking the bar.C.learning by doing.D.gaining experiences in law school.(4).Which of the following is INCORRECT about Mr. Stevenson“s life at law school?（分数：1.00）A.He was
9、 particularly interested in the “non-traditional“ classes.B.He had great professors and classmates.C.He was crazy about the “Socratic method“.D.He once thought about dropping out.(5).Mr. Stevenson thinks lawyers receive unfair criticism because _（分数：1.00）A.the news is full of horrible lawyer stories
10、.B.there is a hierarchy in the field of law.C.lawyer movies have demonized the image of lawyers.D.the profession of lawyer has lost some of its reputation in recent years.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds
11、to answer the question. According to the DNA analysis, most Neanderthals in Western Europe died out as early as _（分数：1.00）A.thousands of years ago.B.10,000 years ago.C.15,000 years ago.D.50,000 years ago.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be give
12、n 20 seconds to answer the questions. （分数：2.00）(1).According to President Omar al-Bashir, if Sudan splits, _（分数：1.00）A.the Sudanese constitution would be changed.B.there will be two kinds of laws.C.southerners living in the north will remain safe.D.cultural diversity will be considered in the law.(2
13、).It can be inferred that President Omar al-Bashir is _（分数：1.00）A.on the side of the south.B.on the side of the north.C.neutral.D.uncertain.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. （分数：2.00）(1).Which film w
14、on the best picture at the 84th Oscar awards?（分数：1.00）A.The Artist.B.The Iron Lady.C.Beginners.D.The Help.(2).Meryl Streep won her third Oscar by the role of _（分数：1.00）A.an elderly widower.B.former British Prime Minister.C.an African American maid.D.a struggling silent-era movie star.五、PART READING
15、COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)There has been an ecological triumph in the provinces of Sweden where I have spent the past three weeks. The wolf and the lynx (a wild cat) have both returned to the forests. The naturalists have been rejoicing. There has been a TV documentary. Meanwhile th
16、e local farmers and hunters have disappeared into the forests with their rifles. Jan and Lennart were particularly aggrieved that the lynx was killing “their“ deer, and the urban bureaucrats who had decided to protect it only increase their rage. They vowed to track the animal down. “Did they kill i
17、t?“ I asked a local man. “They didn“t say,“ he replied with a hint of wink. What does the word “rural“ mean to you? Organic, perhaps. Wholesome? Gemeinschaft (or do I mean Gesellschaft?) Conservative? Marx“s “rural idiocy“ maybe. To me the countryside is about paranoia. It breeds independence and id
18、iosyncrasy and other nice things but also the sort of people who wander on to Capitol Hill in order to kill some senators or declare war on the FBI for being an essentially socialist organization. For people who live in and off the countryside, there always seems to be the idea that “they“ the burea
19、ucrats, the government, the city folk are out to get them. What they despise almost as much as city folk themselves are the sort of things that city folk like about the countryside: footpaths, beauty spots, old buildings, rare flora and fauna, ancient sites of historical interest. To select from my
20、experience of the past few weeks, the land that was once owned by my late grandparents contained a meadow that was famous across Sweden for its rare plants. A couple of weeks ago, my cousin an engineer and part-time farmer with a flock of four sheep and one ram fenced the meadow off, set the sheep l
21、oose into it and within two days it duly looked like a bit of scrub in a corner of a derelict industrial estate. Incidentally, when your correspondent went to investigate this vandalism, the said ram pursued him across the field in a way that was later said to be hilarious to onlookers. Another loca
22、l man carries around a special bullet in case he should ever get on the trail of a wolf. The normal bullets used for hunting deer and elk have soft tips so that they spread out on contact and cause devastating fatal wounds. But this special wolf bullet has a hard tip so that it will pass right throu
23、gh the animal, leaving a relatively small (though almost certainly fatal) wound. The dying wolf will then probably walk tens of miles before it dies, thus preventing “them“ from identifying the slayers of this absurdly protected predator. And this is a province which has a wolf as its official symbo
24、l. There is more than what I was informed of. A neighboring lake has become home for an exceedingly rare kind of hawk. But the local people who have spotted it have kept its presence a closely guarded secret. If they told ornithologists about it, then the next thing that would happen is that they wo
25、uld probably want to come into the area and start to look at the bloody thing, and once these bureaucrats and scientists get their claws into the area, who knows where it will end? Much of this is probably true of rural areas everywhere, but in Sweden it has been exacerbated by the Byzantine bureauc
26、racy that was generated by 40 years of social democracy, a system that led both to some of the finest public services and to the situation in which the country“s greatest living artist, Ingmar Bergman, under suspicion of a minor tax transgression, was publicly arrested and interrogated in a manner t
27、hat might have been thought excessive by Beria. One of the fundamental Swedish rights is entitled allamansratt, which permits anybody to walk, pick berries or mushrooms virtually anywhere. Some local businessmen have hired Polish workers to come up to Sweden to pick mushrooms, but they have not been
28、 to our area more than once. When they emerged from this forest they found that the tyres in their bikes and cars were mysteriously flat. It is somehow a typical Swedish paradox: you have the legal right to go where you like, but don“t let that give you the idea that you can just go anywhere.（分数：5.0
29、0）(1).The experiences described by the author in the third paragraph are intended to show that _（分数：1.00）A.local farmers hate the good things valued by the city folk because they hate city folk themselves.B.his cousin had a deep affection for the countryside.C.correspondents were unwelcome to the la
30、nd.D.vandalism is of common occurrences in the countryside.(2).In the fourth paragraph, which adjective(s) can best describe the local man“s behavior?（分数：1.00）A.Cruel and mean.B.Funny.C.Cunning.D.Resourceful and creative.(3).The author thinks that the Byzantine bureaucracy _（分数：1.00）A.contributes li
31、ttle to the public welfare.B.deserves compliments for its achievements in preventing crimes.C.is too stringent in carrying out the laws.D.is highly democratic.(4).The purpose of the author in writing the passage is _（分数：1.00）A.to give a contrast between countryside people and the city folk.B.to refl
32、ect the weak points in the rural people.C.to point out the inadequacy of Swedish laws.D.to show how the Swedish countryside people live.(5).The author gave the narration in a(n) _ tone.（分数：1.00）A.dispassionateB.eulogizingC.ironicD.exaggerating七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)He was an undersized little man, w
33、ith a head too big for his body a sickly little man. His nerves were bad. He had skin trouble. It was agony for him to wear anything next to his skin coarser than silk. And he had delusions of grandeur. He was a monster of conceit. Never for one minute did he look at the world or at people, except i
34、n relation to himself. He was the only most important person in the world, to himself; in his own eyes he was the only person who existed. He believed himself to be one of the greatest dramatists in the world, one of the greatest thinkers, Beethoven, and Plato, rolled into one. And you would have ha
35、d no difficulty in hearing him talk. He was one of the most exhausting conversationalists that ever lived. An evening with him was an evening spent in listening to a monologue. Sometimes he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome. But whether he was being brilliant or dull, he had one s
36、ole topic of conversation: himself. What he thought and what he did. He had a mania for being in the right. The slightest hint of disagreement, from anyone, on the most trivial point, was enough to set him off on a harangue that might exhausting volubility, and that in the end his hearer, stunned an
37、d deafened, would agree with, for the sake of peace. It never occurred to him that he and his doing were not of the most intense and fascinating interest to anyone with whom he came in contact. He had theories about almost any subject under the sun, including vegetarianism, the drama, politics, and
38、music; and in support of these theories he wrote pamphlets, letters, books.thousands upon thousands of words, hundreds and hundreds of pages. He not only wrote these things, and published them usually at somebody else“s expense but he would sit and read them aloud, for hours, to his friends and his
39、family. He had the emotional stability of a six-year-old child. When he felt out of sorts, he would rave and stamp, or sink into suicidal gloom and talk darkly of going to the East to end his days as a Buddhist monk. Ten minutes later, when something pleased him, he would rush out of doors and run a
40、round the garden, or jump up and down on the sofa, or stand on his head. He was almost innocent of any sense of responsibility. Not only did he seem incapable of supporting himself, but it never occurred to him that he was under any obligation to do so. He was convinced that the world owed him a liv
41、ing. In support of this belief, he borrowed money from everybody who was good for a loan men, women, friends, or strangers. He wrote begging letters by the score, sometimes groveling without shame, at others loftily offering his intended benefactor the privilege of contributing to his support, and b
42、eing mortally offended if the recipient declined the honor. I have found no record of his ever paying or repaying money to anyone who did not have a legal claim upon it. The name of this monster was Richard Wagner. Everything that I have said about him you can find on record: in newspapers, in polic
43、e reports, in the testimony of people who knew him, in his own letters, between the lines of his autobiography. And the curious thing about this record is that it doesn“t matter in the least. Because this undersized, sickly, disagreeable, fascinating little man was right all the time. The joke was o
44、n us. He was one of the world“s greatest dramatists; he was a great thinker; he was one of the most stupendous musical geniuses that, up to now, the world has ever seen. The world did owe him a living. When you consider what he wrote thirteen operas and music dramas, eleven of them still holding the
45、 stage, eight of them unquestionably worth ranking among the world“s great musical-dramatic masterpieces when you listen to what he wrote, the debts and heartaches that people had to endure from him don“t seem much of a price. Think of the luxury with which for a time, at least, fate rewarded Napole
46、on, the man who mined France and looted Europe; and then perhaps you will agree that a few thousand dollars“ worth of debts were not too heavy a price to pay for the Ring trilogy . Listening to his music, one does not forgive him for what he may or may not have been. It is not a matter of forgivenes
47、s. It is a matter of being dumb with wonder that poor brain and body didn“t burst under the torment of the demon of creative energy that lived inside him, struggling, clawing, scratching to be released; tearing, shrieking at him to write the music that was in him. The miracle is that what he did in
48、the little space of seventy years could not have been done at all, even by a great genius. Is there any wonder that he had no time to be a man?（分数：6.00）(1).The author“s description of Richard Wagner in the second paragraph shows the man“s _（分数：1.00）A.independence.B.vigor.C.eccentricity.D.egoism.(2).
49、Those who first argued against Wagner finally agreed with him because they _（分数：1.00）A.were worn out by his long speech.B.were convinced by his sound argument.C.were forced to keep silent.D.loved him too much to argue with him any longer.(3).According to the passage, Richard Wagner did all the followin
