1、专业八级-388 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Advertising. The definition of advertising 1 but encouraging presentation of goods and services . The importance of advertising to a company increase 2 within the circle of potential targets . Three cat
2、egories of media A. The print media 1. Newspapers Advantages: a. newspaper ads are available to huge numbers of people b. newspapers ads approach to local people directly c. ads can be 3 due to low cost Disadvantages: a. newspaper ads have no color b. they are not very exciting or 4 2. Magazines Adv
3、antages: magazines have 5 of readers Disadvantages: advertising in magazine can be very expensive B. The broadcast media 1. Radios Advantages: a. everyone listens to radio. b. radio is usually local Disadvantages: a. the ads are hard to attract audience“s 6 b. company has to advertise on different s
4、tations 2. TVs Advantages: a. it conveys information with sight, sound and 7 b. it reaches audience nationwide Disadvantages: ads on TV are enormously expensive C. The direct media 1. Mails Advantages: the ad goes directly to the potential customers. Disadvantages: direct mails are often considered
5、as 8 2. 9 Advantages: they are easy to see with 10 messages. Disadvantages: they don“t contain much information. 3. Signs and posters Advantages: it is cheap （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview, you will be given 10 secon
6、ds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview. （分数：5.00）(1).What do we learn about NCLB?（分数：1.00）A.It proves to be a perfect educational program.B.It doesn“t focus on test scores in reading and math.C.It has negative effects on subjects not tested.D.It has results in
7、constantly tested subjects as expected.(2).What do Dr. Ravitch“s basic principles of education center on?（分数：1.00）A.All children should have access to an education of high quality.B.Accountability and choice are very effective means.C.More public services should be privatized at a faster speed.D.Phy
8、sical education isn“t an essential part of high-quality education.(3).What is the limitation of standardized tests nowadays?（分数：1.00）A.There are only essays and demonstrations of knowledge.B.There are too few multiple-choice questions.C.They narrow ways of measuring what students have learned.D.They
9、 make it difficult to unify a standard for evaluation.(4).Dr. Ravitch will support the following policies EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.having principals who have been excellent teachers.B.insisting on high qualifications for new teachers.C.committing to building a better and stronger profession.D.that students
10、get a solid education only in tested subjects.(5).Which of the following is NOT the reason for high dropout rate nationally?（分数：1.00）A.Some students have to earn money to support the family.B.Some students fail repeatedly in school.C.Some girls become pregnant.D.Some students get unfair treatment in
11、 school.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news. 6. What is the main idea about this news item?（分数：1.00）A.The carbon tax does not exist in Europe.B.French government
12、 backs down on carbon tax plan.C.The court rejected the carbon tax plan last year.D.The president is revising the carbon tax plan.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news. （分数：2.00）(1).
13、From the drug trade, Mexican gangs gained _ from the US each year.（分数：1.00）A.$1.4 billionB.$38 billionC.$17 billionD.$40 billion(2).In the US, the rise of heroin production in Mexico in 2008 resulted in（分数：1.00）A.lower heroin prices.B.rapid grow of drug trade.C.more diseases.D.widespread drug activi
14、sts.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news. （分数：2.00）(1).According to the news item, the potential treatment for sleeping sickness（分数：1.00）A.was identified by British experts.B.has b
15、een put into service for 18 months.C.has not fully been developed so far.D.is taken by injection.(2).Which of the following statements about the disease is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.It kills 60,000 people in Africa each year.B.It is easy to diagnose but difficult to cure.C.It spreads through air.D.It can caus
16、e death.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The blind, overweight patient in the wheelchair has terrible pain in her back and burning pain in her legs. She also has advanced arthritis in her knees and end-stage circulatory disease, which have left her with two useless legs that
17、 are red, swollen and infected. Now her shoulder has started to hurt. She can“t raise her arm to comb her hair. Five or six other things are wrong with her she tells me about each. Some we can help; most we can“t. I tell her as much. In my office, she listens carefully. I hardly ever have to repeat
18、myself with Doris (not her real name). She asks questions mostly good ones. She needs lots of tests, various therapies. I ultimately recommend an operation on her shoulder. Sick, weakened by multiple symptoms and with lousy insurance, Doris is surprise a really good patient. She communicates efficie
19、ntly with her doctors and treats us with respect and trust. She has reasonable expectations. I can tell she looks things up, but her knowledge is helpful never challenging. I“ve talked about her with other doctors, and we agree on this: when you see Doris“ name on your day“s list, you know you“re go
20、ing to work hard. But you“re usually glad her name is there. Few patients realize how deeply they can affect their doctors. That is a big secret in medicine one doctors hate to admit. We think about, talk about, dream about our patients. We went into clinical medicine because we like dealing on a pe
21、rsonal, even intimate level with people who have chosen to put their bodies in our hands. Our patients make or break our days. Take the compliment. Our career choice means we really do think that you with your aches and pains are more interesting than trading hot securities, more fun than a courtroo
22、m full of lawyers. Massaging the ego is the key to manipulating responsible types like doctors. When we feel your trust, you have us. The most compelling reasons to be a good patient are selfish ones. You will get more than free drug samples if your doctor is comfortable and communicates easily with
23、 you. You“ll get more of the mind that you came for, a mind working better because it“s relaxed recalling and associating freely, more receptive to small, even unconscious clues. That means better medical care. But you should try to be a good patient for unselfish reasons too. We worry about you 60
24、hours a week. We gave up our 20s for you. Why not show us some love? It“s not hard. The medical relationship is intrinsically one-sided. It“s about you and your problem. I am going to find out more about you in the next 20 minutes than you will find out about me. Don“t fret about that. We don“t expe
25、ct you to ask much about us. Good patients answer questions accurately and completely. They ask questions too. Are doctors good patients? Others may disagree, but I think they are. Medical terms don“t faze them, so communication is easier, and their expectations tend to be more reasonable. Anyone in
26、 medicine is painfully aware that there are plenty of problems for which we have no good answer. Nurses tend to be even better patients, being adept at following doctors“ orders a virtue lacking in doctors. Doctors and nurses also know when to respect an educated opinion. When the MRI says one thing
27、 and I want to do another, they are more likely to be on my side. But you need not be a medical professional, or educated at all, to be a great patient. It“s pretty much the same strain of human decency a truthful consideration of who the people around you are and of what they are trying to do that
28、infects a good patient and any good person.（分数：5.00）(1).The first two paragraphs in the passage（分数：1.00）A.cite an example as a hook to start the issue.B.bring out the theme with strong argument.C.provide ways to deal with the issue.D.introduce the issue with an extreme case.(2).The expression “massa
29、ging the ego“ in Paragraph Four most probably means（分数：1.00）A.affecting doctors deeply.B.praising doctors sincerely.C.showing interest in doctors.D.staying in touch with doctors.(3).The benefit for one to be a good patient is that（分数：1.00）A.his doctor will be receptive to all clues.B.his doctor will
30、 undercharge him for medicine and operation.C.he can get free drug samples and better care.D.he can get more time to talk with his doctor.(4).If one intends to become a good patient, he should learn（分数：1.00）A.to find out more about his doctor.B.to respect both doctors and nurses.C.to become as unsel
31、fish as possible.D.to accurately follow his doctor“s orders.(5).The text is mainly about（分数：1.00）A.what makes a good patient.B.how deeply patients can affect their doctors.C.the relationship between patients and doctors.D.the most significant reasons to be a good patient.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Think
32、 of the solitude felt by Marie Smith before she died earlier this year in her native Alaska, at 89. She was the last person who knew the language of the Eyak people as a mother-tongue. Or imagine Ned Mandrell, who died in 1974 he was the last native speaker of Manx, similar to Irish and Scots Gaelic
33、. Both these people had the comfort of being surrounded, some of the time, by enthusiasts who knew something precious was vanishing and tried to record and learn whatever they could of a vanishing tongue. In remote parts of the world, dozens more people are on the point of taking to their graves a s
34、ystem of communication that will never be recorded or reconstructed. Does it matter? Plenty of languages among them Akkadian, Etruscan, Tangut and Chibcha have gone the way of the dodo, without causing much trouble to the descendants. Should anyone lose sleep over the fact that many tongues from Man
35、chu (spoken in China) to Hua (Botswana) and Gwich“in (Alaska) are in danger of suffering a similar fate? Compared with groups who lobby to save animals or trees, campaigners who lobby to preserve languages are themselves a rare breed. But they are trying both to mitigate and publicize an alarming ac
36、celeration in the rate at which languages are vanishing. Of some 6,900 tongues spoken in the world today, some 50% to 90% could be gone by the end of the century. In Africa, at least 300 languages are in near-term danger, and 200 more have died recently or are on the verge of death. Some 145 languag
37、es are threatened in East and South-east Asia. Some languages, even robust ones, face an obvious threat in the shape of a political power bent on imposing a majority tongue. A youngster in any part of the Soviet Union soon realised that whatever you spoke at home, mastering Russian was the key to su
38、ccess. Nor did English reach its present global status without ruthless tactics. In years past, Americans, Canadians and Australians took native children away from their families to be raised at boarding schools where English rules. In all the Celtic fringes of the British Isles there are bitter mem
39、ories of children being punished for speaking the wrong language. But in an age of mass communications, the threats to linguistic diversity are less ruthless and more spontaneous. Parents stop using traditional tongues, thinking it will be better for their children to grow up using a dominant langua
40、ge (such as Swahili in East Africa) or a global one (such as English, Mandarin or Spanish). And even if parents try to keep the old speech alive, their efforts can be doomed by films and computer games. The result is a growing list of tongues spoken only by white-haired elders. A book edited by Pete
41、r Austin, an Australian linguist, gives some examples: Njerep, one of 31 endangered languages counted in Cameroon, reportedly has only four speakers left, all over 60. The valleys of the Caucasus used to be a paradise for linguists in search of unusual syntax, but Ubykh, one of the region“s baffling
42、 tongues, officially expired in i992.（分数：5.00）(1).Marie Smith“s solitude results from the fact that（分数：1.00）A.the vanishing language she spoke will never be recorded.B.people around her could not understand her language.C.she is the last person having Eyak as mother-tongue.D.as a native Alaska, she
43、lives far away from that place.(2).What do those who lobby to preserve languages do to save endangered languages?（分数：1.00）A.Take measures to slow down languages“ vanishing rate.B.Try to make known languages“ accelerating vanishing rate.C.Try all their out to record and reconstruct the vanishing lang
44、uages.D.Slow down languages“ vanishing rate and meanwhile make it known.(3).In the fourth and fifth paragraphs the author discusses that（分数：1.00）A.mastering Russian is the key to success in the Soviet Union.B.the vanishing languages are triggered by political power.C.English becomes a world language
45、 due to political power.D.languages face an obvious threat in the shape of a political power.(4).What is the author“s attitude towards vanishing languages throughout the world?（分数：1.00）A.Concerned.B.Indifferent.C.Pleased.D.Sympathetic.(5).In the future, the number of languages will（分数：1.00）A.stop de
46、creasing.B.begin to increase.C.continue to decrease.D.stop increasing.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)London is steeped in Dickensian history. Every place he visited, every person he met, would be drawn into his imagination and reappear in a novel. There really are such places as Hanging Sword Alley in White
47、friars Street, EC1 (Where Jerry Cruncher lived in A Tale of Two Cities ) and Bleeding Heart Yard off Greville Street, EC1 (Where the Plornish family lived in Little Dorrit ); they are just the sort of places Dickens would have visited on his frequent night-time walks. He first came to London as a yo
48、ung boy, and lived at a number of addresses throughout his life, moving as his income and his issue (he had ten children) increased. Of these homes only one remains, at 48 Doughty Street, WC1, now the Dickens House Museum, and as good a place as any to start your tour of Dickens“s London. The Dicken
49、s family lived here for only two years 1837-1839 but during this brief period, Charles Dickens first achieved great fume as a novelist, finishing Pickwick Papers , and working on Oliver Twist, Barnaby Rudge and Nicholas Nickleby . If you want a house full of atmosphere, you may be a little disappointed, for it is more a collection of Dickensiana than a recreation of a home. Don“t let this deter you, however, for this is the place to see manuscripts, first editions, letters, original drawings, as we
