1、专业八级-373 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to co
2、mplete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (ar
3、e) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in
4、is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes. Urban problems1） problems to both developed and developing countries, like U U 1 /U /U, traffic congestion, pollution, etc.2） problems peculiar to developing countries: the need to create U U 2 /U /U. Main conseque
5、nces of uncontrolled urbanization1) U U 3 /U /Uof people from the country to the city2) U U 4 /U /Uof rural areas3) urban population U U 5 /U /U4) pressure on the supply of social services in urban areashealth: U U 6 /U /Umade worse by overcrowding people from the country to the cityeducation: need
6、for more schools and U U 7 /U /U5) an excess of labor supply, which in turn leads to U U 8 /U /Uactivities. Policies to stem uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries1) to promote a more equal U U 9 /U /U2) to improve the supply of social services in the rural areas, particularly in health a
7、nd education3) to give U U 10 /U /Uto agriculture, especially to small land owners （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions th
8、at follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. （分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is TRUE about the research Dr. Smith and his colleagues have bee
9、n doing? A. They try to help cancer patients overcome fright. B. They help doctors become sensitive to patients feelings. C. They have been doing the research for five years. D. There are totally four of them in the research program.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does Dr. Smith think about doctors abilit
10、y to communicate bad news? A. Some of the doctors are born with the ability. B. Most doctors can develop the ability naturally by interacting with patients. C. Some doctors dont deem this ability important. D. Doctors can acquire the ability over time by following good models and practicing.（分数：1.00
11、）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Dr. Smith, doctors had better _ if his cancer has come back. A. ask the patient about his expectation first B. ask the patient about his past experience with cancer first C. tell the patient directly D. tell the patient everythings OK（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the follow
12、ing should NOT doctors do when telling the bad news? A. To use the patients language. B. To be direct and concrete. C. To distance themselves from the patient. D. To show empathy for the patient.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Dr. Smiths motivation to do the research comes from _. A. his experience with many c
13、ancer patients B. his mothers death C. his conversation with a senior physician D. his experience as an oncology trainee（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C NEWS BROAD(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 6 is
14、 based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. According to the Palestinian Health Ministry, how many children were killed? A. 750 B. About 250 C. 18 D. 9语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 7 to 8 are based on the fo
15、llowing news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. （分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following statements about the Church of the Nativity is NOT true? A. Its located in Bethlehem. B. Its on the birth place of Jesus Christ. C. Its on Mang
16、er Square. D. Less people visited it at Christmas time than a decade ago.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Less pilgrims go to Bethlehem this year because _. A. they are afraid of violence C. there is great economic crisis there B. they are forbidden to go there D. citizens there are fleeing the city（分数：1.00）A.B
17、.C.D.Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. （分数：2.00）(1).Foreign ambassadors in Zimbabwe will be thrown out except for _. A. backing its opposition B. down falling its government C.
18、 disclosing its police outrage D. meddling in its internal affairs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the news, which of the following is an illustration of the so-called police brutality? A. Four countries have been charged of supporting MDC. B. The political campaign aimed at bringing down its gover
19、nment. C. Some opposition leaders were spotted seriously injured from police detention. D. Mugabes government would expel diplomats for violating the roles.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The first performance of Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker, in St. Petersbur
20、g in 1892, was a Uflop/U. Wrote one critic the next day: “For dancers there is rather little in it; for art absolutely nothing, and for the artistic fate of our ballet, one more step downward.“ Two decades passed before another production was attempted.A century later, the ballet constitutes the sin
21、gle biggest fine-arts moneymaker in the United States, which has claimed the ballet as its own. In 1996, box-office receipts for some 2400 American performances of the work by more than 20000 dancers totaled nearly U.S. $50 million. Despite the ballets popularity, however, few Americans are aware of
22、 its historyor of some of the twists and rams of fate that have changed it from its original form.Choreographer Maurice Petipa (known as the “father of classical ballet“) prepared the first production for Tchaikovsky in 1892. He based his scenario not on the macabre 1816 short story The Nutcracker a
23、nd the Mouse King by E.T.A. Hoffmann, which the composer had thought to use for his inspiration, but on Alexander Dumass more benign 1845 French adaptation. Petipa did use the Hoffmann version to name his characters, but mixed up some names because he could not read German.In the original story the
24、Mouse King had seven heads and terrified the seven-year-old Marie by foaming blood from all seven mouths and grinding and chattering all seven sets of teeth. These memorable characteristics, along with other sinister qualities in Hoffmanns story, are among those aspects of the original that have bee
25、n removed in most modern adaptations.Removed from the ballet altogether by Petipa is a vital plot-within-a-plot in the Hoffmann story. This is the fairytale related to Marie while she recovers from injuries sustained in the battle between the forces of the Nutcracker and the Mouse King. As a result,
26、 the storyline in the ballet does not really make sense.In the fairytale, we learn that the Mouse Kings desire for vengeance has its origins in his evil mother, the wily Madam Mouserinks, whose first seven sons have been executed by the royal court for eating all the fat from the royal familys sausa
27、ges. In retribution, Madam Mouserinks has attacked the little Princess Pirlipat in her cradle, turning her into a misshapen creature whose beauty can be restored only if she eats a certain rare, difficult-to-crack nut called Krakatuk.After many years the nut is finally located in Asia by the court c
28、lockmaker and wizard, Drosselmeyer, whose young nephew is identified as a prime candidate to crack it. The young man is already known as “the Nutcracker“ for the gallantry he shows in cracking nuts for young ladies in his fathers shop. As predicted, he alone is able to crack the hard nut. He offers
29、it to the princess to eat, and her beauty is restored. At that moment, however, the Nutcracker chances to step backwards, trampling on none other than Madam Mouserinks. She is fatally injured, but manages to place a curse on the young man before she dies. He is transformed into a grotesque parody of
30、 his former self, with a monstrous head, a yawning mouth and a lever in the back by which his jaw may be moved up and down. Madam Mouserinks sentences him to battle her son, the Mouse King, whom she bore after the death of her seven previous sons, and who has their seven heads. The curse may be remo
31、ved only when the Nutcracker is able to win the love of a young lady in spite of his ugliness.Hoffmann, the author of the original Nutcracker story, was as peculiar as many of his characters. Small and wiry, with sunken eyes and dark bushy hair, he had nervous tics that caused his hands, feet and fa
32、ce to twitch constantly. He adored the music of Mozart, was subject to bouts of deep melancholy and was an alcoholic who sold the rights to his first book for a cellar of wine. He eventually died of a combination of liver disease and a neural illness that gradually paralyzed his body, starting with
33、his feet.Several of Hoffmanns stories provided the basis for operas and ballets. The French composer Jacques Offenbach, for example, used three of his short stories as the basis for The Tales of Hoffmanna quite serious piece, breaking with Offenbachs earlier light-hearted style.Tchaikovsky, composer
34、 of The Nutcracker, was invited to conduct his work but refused. He was terrified that if he were to mount the podium and try to conduct an orchestra his head might fall off. He died shortly after the first performance of The Nutcracker, during a cholera epidemicit was supposed he had been drinking
35、impure water, but a more recent theory suggests that he killed himself out of fear of exposure for a sexual scandal involving the Russian royal family.The author and the composer may have had unusual characteristics, and the story of the Nutcracker itself may be bizarre, but its popularity endures.
36、In recent years American choreographers have played with the formula to bring it up to date. Kirk Petersons The American Nutcracker is set in the redwood forests of Northern California and replaces some of the characters with legendary or famous American namesnotably 19th-century writer Mark Twain a
37、s a party guest.Americans wanting to reclaim some of the psychology of the Hoffmann short story have been investigating choreographer Mark Morriss dark 1991 update since it became available on video. Set in the 1960s, Morriss visionary The Hard Nut probes many of the same moral issues as the Hoffman
38、n original, most of which are lost in todays conventional versions.（分数：6.00）(1).The word “flop“ in the first paragraph means _. A. failure B. popularity. C. hit D. criticism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, The Nutcracker _. A. is Americas biggest moneymaker B. was originally a short st
39、ory written by Alexander Duma C. is Americas most popular ballet D. has been popular since 1892（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Choreographer Maurice Petipas The Nutcracker _. A. was based on Hoffmanns short story B. omitted an important plot in Hoffmanns story C. was a misinterpretation of the original story D
40、. had a storyline clear and easy to follow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Hoffmanns short stories? A. Many of the characters in these stories were peculiar. B. Several ballets were based on his stories. C. There were operas adapted according to his stories.
41、D. Most of the stories were sinister in nature.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can be concluded about Jacques Offenbach? A. He was a French choreographer. B. He preferred light-hearted music. C. He produced works of more than one style. D. He was interested in most of Hoffmanns stories.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6
42、).According to the passage, the story of The Nutcracker is _. A. tragic B. amusing C. weird D. thought-provoking（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical
43、deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.“That may seem like bad news,“ said study autho
44、r Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July i
45、ssue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue
46、 to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range
47、indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting in adulthood.“There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts
48、 for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the menta
