1、专业八级-367 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)IIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete
2、a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture./IBNote-taking in Lectures/BFor listeners, note-taking is an essential way to achieve betterunderstanding of a lecture. It involves many separate skills, fourof which wil
3、l be analyzed here.B. Understand whatU U 1 /U /Usays./B U 1 /U_1. severe strain: 2 reasonswordU U 2 /U /Uin speech. U 2 /U_new words2. solution: concentrate on what are most importantB. Sort out the main points./B1. focus on the title: write down the titleU U 3 /U /Uand completely. U 3 /U_2. be awar
4、e of signals of what is important or unimportant.signals indicating importance:U U 4 /U /U U 4 /U_speak slowly or loudlyuse a greater range of intonationemploy a combination of the devicessignalsU U 5 /U /U U 5 /U_deliver sentences quickly, softlyuse a narrow range of intonationuseU U 6 /U /Upauses
5、U 6 /U_B. Write downU U 7 /U /Uquickly and clearly./B U 7 /U_1. use abbreviation2. select words that giveU U 8 /U /U(nouns, verbs, adjectives) U 8 /U_3. write one point on each line4. find time to writeU U 9 /U /U U 9 /U_B. Show the connections between the various points the listeners has noted./B1.
6、 use spacing, underlining, U U 10 /U /U U 10 /U_2. number points （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).According to Dr. Getsy, most people who complain of trouble in sleeping are those who A. have the disease of chro
7、nic insomnia. B. dont know the importance of sleep. C. exercise less and eat more. D. always stay awake in bed.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT a symptom of insomnia? A. They cant sleep as much as they try. B. They have a true sleep disorder. C. They cant sleep enough because of th
8、e health condition. D. They dont have time to sleep.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Dr. Getsy, the advice for people who have trouble sleeping is to A. keep relaxed. B. lie in bed for 2 hours. C. have a good mood. D. make a schedule and keep it.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT a
9、tip for getting a good sleep? A. Making your bedroom comfortable. B. Making sleep a priority. C. Not having your computer in your bedroom. D. Having caffeine after lunch.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Dr. Getsy, you should have a nap A. more than 2 hours. B. less than 45 minutes. C. about 20 minu
10、tes. D. about 30 minutes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)（分数：2.00）(1).The three American officials arriving in Baghdad A. were allowed to work unimpeded. B. were forbidden to work at all. C. were asked to leave. D. were promptly detained.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).With appeals from other cou
11、ntries, Baghdad leadership A. may cooperate with the UN. B. will stop driving out Americans. C. may permit the UN arms inspection. D. will still defy the UN arms inspection team.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：3.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE of the people suffering from the accident? A. 15 evacuated, 2
12、 seriously injured, 5 missing. B. 15 evacuated, 2 moderately injured, 5 missing. C. 50 evacuated, 2 moderately injured, none missing. D. 50 evacuated, 2 seriously injured, none missing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Rescuers have been denied access into the building for the following reasons EXCEPT A. the pos
13、sibility of the building collapsing. B. the likely explosion from the gas tank. C. the possible subsequent rockslides. D. the noise and trembling at the moment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).All of the following are measures suggested by Bush EXCEPT A. developing and utilizing new sources of energy. B. reduci
14、ng taxes on the working people of the US. C. encouraging to design and create new types of vehicles. D. cutting down US. oil imports from certain countries.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)These are tough times for Wal-Mart, Americas biggest retailer. Lon
15、g accused of wrecking small-town America and condemned for the stinginess of its pay, the company has lately come under fire for its meanness over employees health-care benefits. The charge is arguably unfair, the firms health coverage, while admittedly less extensive than the average for big compan
16、ies, is on a par with other retailers. But bad publicity, coupled with rising costs, has stirred the Bentonville giant to action. Wal-Mart is making changes that should shift the ground in Americas health-care debate.One strategy is to slash the prices of many generic, or out-of-patent., prescriptio
17、n drugs. WalMart recently announced that its Florida stores would sell a list of some 300 generic drugs at $ 4 for a months supply other states will follow. That is above cost but far less than the prices charged by many pharmacy chains, which get profits from fat margins on generics.Wal-Marts criti
18、cs dismiss the move as a publicity stunt. The list of drugs includes only 143 different medicines and excludes many popular generics. True, but short-sighted. Wal-Mart .has transformed retailing by using its size to squeeze suppliers and passing the gains on to consumers. It could do the same with d
19、rugs. Target, another big retailer, has already announced that it will match the new pricing. A “Wal-Mart effect“ in drugs will not solve Americas health-costs problem: generics account for only a small share of drug costs, which in turn make up only 10% of overall health spending. But it could help
20、.The firms other initiative is more controversial. Wal-Mart is joining the small but fast-growing group of employers who are controlling costs by shifting to health insurance with high deductibles.From January 1st new Wal-Mart employees will only be offered insurance with very low premiums (as littl
21、e as $11 a month for an individual) but rather high deductibles (excesses): an individual must pay at least the first $1,000 of annual health-care expenses, and on a family plan, the first $ 3, 000. Usually, Wal-Marts plan includes three doctor visits and three prescription drugs before the big dedu
22、ctible kicks in. Since most employees go to the doctor less often than that, the company argues, they will be better off because of the lower premiums. That may be true for the healthy, say critics; sicker workers will see their health costs soar.This debate, writ large, is the biggest controversy i
23、n American health care today. The Bush administration has been pushing high-deductible plans as the best route to controlling health costs and has encouraged them, with tax-breaks for health-saving accounts. The logic is appealing. Higher deductibles encourage consumers to become price-conscious for
24、 routine care, while insurance kicks in for catastrophic expenses.Early evidence suggests these plans do help firms control the cost of health insurance. But critics say that the savings are misleading. They argue that the plans shift costs to sicker workers, discourage preventative care and will an
25、yway do little to control overall health spending, since most of the $ 2 trillion (a sixth of its entire GDP) that America spends on health care each year goes to people with multiple chronic diseases.For the moment, relatively few Americans are covered by these “consumer-directed“ plans. But they a
26、re becoming increasingly popular, especially among firms employing low-skilled workers. And now Americas biggest employer has joined the high-deductible trend. That is bound to have an impact.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the health-care benefits of Wal-Mart _. A. are to be increased greatl
27、y due to others accusation B. started to incur much criticism a long time ago C. are at the same level as those of other retailers D. will be in line with the rising costs of the commodities（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The authors attitude towards the reduction of the prices of many generic drugs is one of
28、_. A. favorable B. critical C. apathetic D. skeptical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).As to the healthcare issue, Wal-Mart is trying to _. A. reduce its operating costs B. look for other way out C. seek help from the government D. divert peoples attention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “kicks in“ in Line 5 of P
29、aragraph 6 probably means _. A. starts to lower health costs B. starts to have an effect C. starts to push up health cost D. starts to offset deductibles（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author is most likely to agree that high-deductible plans _. A. will not affect sicker workers negatively B. are the best
30、way to reduce health costs C. will increase the health costs of sicker workers D. should work out to be feasible plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming“dem
31、ographic cliff”will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labour force.The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades，while those aged 20-29 will decrease by 20%. In Japan almo
32、st 20% of the population is already over 65，the highest share in the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55 64 will have increased by more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35-to 44-year-olds decline by 10%.Given that most societies are geared to retirement at
33、around 65，companies have a looming problem of knowledge management，of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded:“When the baby-boomer gen
34、eration retires，many companies will find out too late that a careers worth of experience has walked out the door，leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.”Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defence，for example，as much as 40% of the workforce in some companies will be eli
35、gible to retire within the next five years. At the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australi
36、an who was staying in Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba，Queensland, to work for his engineering company there, Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world tomorrow?If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to ol
37、der workers. The AARP，an American association for the over-50s,produces an annual list of the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they are one of the industries most in need of skilled labour. Other sectors similarly affected，says the Conference Boar
38、d，include oil，gas, energy and government.Near the top of the AARPs latest list comes Deere about 35% of Deeres 46,000 employees are over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that flexible working，telecommuting，and so forthalso coincidentally help older workers to ex
39、tend their working lives. The company spends“a lot of time”on the Bergonomics/B of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the worlds most advanced manufacturer， has adapted its workstatio
40、ns to older workers. The shortage of skilled labour available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.Needs must when the devil drives.Other firms are polishing
41、 their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired people for particular projects. Ernst and even fewer are looking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boardsthis when t
42、he pool of retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling suppl
43、y of labour. The participation of developing countries in the world economy has increased the overall supply whatever the local effect of demographics in the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and India and more will go in future. Some countries，such
44、 as Australia，are relaxing their immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the need for workers by spending money on machinery and automation.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching retirement wo
45、uld be A. a loss of knowledge and experience to many companies. B. a decrease in the number of 35- to 44-year-olds. C. a continuous increase in the number of 50- to 64-year-olds. D. its impact on the developed world whose workforce is ageing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The following are all the measures th
46、at companies have adopted to cope with the ageing workforce EXCEPT A. making places of work accommodate the needs of older workers. B. using alumni networks to hire retired former employees. C. encouraging former employees to work overseas. D. granting more convenience in working hours to older work
47、ers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).“The company spends a lot of time on the Bergonomics/B of its factories”(Paragraph Seven) means that A. he company attaches great importance to the layout of its factories. B. he company improves the working conditions in its factories. C. the company attempts to reduce production costs of its factories. D. the company intends to renovate its factories and update equipment.（分数：1.00）A.
