1、专业八级-352 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In this section, youll hear a mini-lecture. Youll hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but youll need them to complete a gap-fil
2、ling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, youll be given two minutes to check your notes, and another 10 minutes to complete the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure th
3、e word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.A Typical University Course in North AmericaIntroductionUndergraduate course descriptionALectures Hours/week: U U 1 /U /Uhours every week for each class Class size: two or three hundred student
4、s Classes taught by professors U U 2 /U /Uis important for two reasons.BU U 3 /U /U Hours/week: one or two hours every week for each class Class size: U U 4 /U /Ustudents Purpose: to ask questions Conducted by U U 5 /U /U Labespecially for U U 6 /U /UExamsATwo exams: mid-term exam; final examBTypes
5、of questions in written exams: objective questions and U U 7 /U /UResearch paperAChoose a topic that really U U 8 /U /U.BU U 9 /U /Uare needed in writing.If you need help,Asee your instructor in regular office hours;Botherwise, U U 10 /U /U. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
6、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section youll hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）
7、(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of a wonderful traveler? A.Happy. B.Easygoing. C.Frank. D.Appreciative.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the woman, how should an official guide cope with unpleasant tourists? A.He should ignore them. B.He should get along with them ver
8、y well. C.He should be patient while sticking to principles. D.He should try to avoid them.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Some tourists spoilt the mans trip in China by doing the following things EXCEPT _. A.grumbling about their former guide B.complaining every scenic spot to make people disappointed C.causi
9、ng conflicts in the group D.making unreasonable demands on the guide（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What was the mans reaction to these unpleasant tourists? A.Avoiding contact with them. B.Using his wits to deal with them. C.Criticizing them in public. D.Caring about their needs and interests.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
10、(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason why some tourists behave unpleasantly? A.They like grumbling all the time. B.They havent received good education. C.They like making troubles for others. D.They feel they are superior to the foreigners.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数
11、：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.At the end of the news item, youll be given 20 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Scientists have found that _. A.tropical forests produce gases that
12、contribute to global warming B.small trees absorb more carbon dioxide than larger ones C.tropical forests are expanding fast D.tropical forests dont absorb as much carbon dioxide as before（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We learn from the news that _. A.carbon dioxide is mostly absorbed by tall trees B.carbon d
13、ioxide can easily penetrate tropical forests C.tall trees die faster than shorter ones D.shorter trees are more environment-friendly than tall ones（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：3.00）(1).All of the following are mentioned as the causes of the casualties EXCEPT _. A.electric shock B.falling from buildings C.gu
14、nfire D.cuts made by kite string（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The kite festival is very _. A.old-fashioned B.competitive C.savage D.unskillful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What happened before the election? A.Many reformist candidates were disqualified. B.Many conservatives called for boycotting the election. C.Refor
15、mist candidates offered to negotiate with conservatives. D.Many conservatives were disqualified for violating election rules.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The chancellor has blamed bad weather for a shock contraction in the UK economy, but how can snow
16、 have such a dramatic effect?Official figures showed that the economy had taken quite a hit from the snow at the end of 2010. Last year, it was discussed whether snow might actually be good for the economy. Why has it been so bad this time round?That winter there was much talk of snow effects, but l
17、ittle sign of permanent impact on the official figures. The figures on the construction sector, for example, showed it had a very difficult time in the first three months of 2010, which could be partly blamed on the weather, but then recovered extremely strongly in the following three months as buil
18、ders caught up on delayed projects. It is important to distinguish between a genuine dead loss for the economy and spending that is just being delayed.The snow this winter appears to have had a greater effect than last winter. Once again, the construction sector has taken a hit, which we can probabl
19、y expect to be made up in 201t. But other areas may not be made up. Last weeks retail sales figures showed a fall of more than 10% in sales at petrol stations in December, which reflects people leaving their cars at home as a result of difficult driving conditions. Lots of people could not get into
20、work as a result of the snow, but not all of them cost the economy anything. Some freelance or casual workers will not have been paid for the days they did not work, and cafes, restaurants, taxi drivers and train operators will not make back all of the money that they lost as a result of people stay
21、ing at home. Some people work in sectors where a missed day cannot be made up with a bit of overtime or slightly delayed deliveries, but if you are a hairdresser, for example, then the people who were going to come in for a trim but cancelled because of snow are pretty likely to make another appoint
22、ment.It is also important not to forget the gains to the economy from snow. Utility companies had a bumper December as people were forced to turn up their heating to cope with the coldest December on record. Also, last weeks retail sales figures showed significant growth in sales of winter clothing.
23、 Halfords announced in a trading statement that its sales of car maintenance products had risen.The big difference between this winters snow and last winters snow was the timing. Several big shopping centers were forced to close in the weekend before Christmas, meaning that some people did not get t
24、heir gifts until January, if at all. This is the crucial point. If you were planning to go out in the first week in December to buy a drill and actually you had to go and buy it in the second week, the economy would barely bat an eyelid. But if you were going to buy it on 23 December and instead had
25、 to buy it on 27 December, it is a big deal.The difference to the economy of having buying sprees at full-price pre-Christmas and at cut-price in the sales is significant and will not be made up later in the year. Also, many people will have been planning pre-Christmas drinks and meals with friends
26、and colleagues, which will have been cancelled or delayed. Even the part of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) that calculates the official growth figures for the economy had to postpone its Christmas party because of the weather, and will not be holding it until April. Last winter, the snow w
27、as timed much more favorably, coming mainly in January. This years Christmas trading statements from big retailers were full of comments about the weather.The boss of Tesco said that its performance had been “hindered“ by the “disruptive effects of the severe winter weather conditions“, while Dixons
28、 said, “The adverse weather conditions reduced footfall in the run up to Christmas Day.“So while last year it could be argued that in the medium term the snow had not done the economy much harm, this year the effect has been muelayed more damaging. The ONS said that the snow had knocked 0.5% off the
29、 economic growth figures, which is a considerable amount of lost growth. Some of that will be made back, perhaps by the construction sector as happened last time, and perhaps by bumper January sales shopping and delayed parties, but a significant proportion of it is probably lost to the economy for
30、ever.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT correct? A.Snow had a dramatic effect on the UK economy this winter. B.Some areas had been made up in spite of bad weather last winter. C.There were no gains to the economy from snow. D.The big difference between this winters snow and last w
31、inters snow was the timing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2)._ may cost the economy nothing as a result of the snow. A.Casual workers B.Hairdressers C.Restaurants D.Taxi drivers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In Paragraph 6, the phrase “barely bat an eyelid“ means _ A.not be affected B.not be made up C.not be looking up D.
32、take a hit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the ONS, some of the lost growth will possibly be made back by the following EXCEPT _. A.the construction sector B.bumper January sales shopping C.delayed parties D.staying at home（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The genuine dead loss for the economy is _. A.the spend
33、ing that is just being delayed B.the amount of lost growth that will not be made back for ever C.a shock contraction in the economy D.the blow from the snow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The Holocaust is a crime that never seems to quit. Even as the ranks of survivors grow smaller each y
34、ear, the impact of that dark passage in history continues to be felt. And its not just the victims who feel the effects; its their children too.Psychologists have long been intrigued by the emotional profile of so-called second-generation Holocaust survivors. Parents who lived through the camps were
35、 forever changed by the horrors they witnessed. In the 21st century, manyprobably mostwould be recognized as suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Back then, the absence of such a diagnosis meant the absence of effective treatments too. As a result, a generation of children grew up i
36、n homes in which one, and sometimes both, parents were battling untold emotional demons at the same time they were going about the difficult business of trying to raise happy kids. No surprise, they werent always entirely successful.Over the years, a large body of work has been devoted to studying P
37、TSD symptoms in second-generation survivors and it has found signs of the condition in their behavior and even their bloodwith higher levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, for example. The assumptiona perfectly reasonable onewas always that these symptoms were essentially learned. Grow up with paren
38、ts afflicted by the mood swings, irritability, jumpiness and hypervigilance typical of PTSD and youre likely to wind up stressed and high-strung yourself.Now, a new paper adds another dimension to the science, suggesting that its not just a second generations emotional profile that can be affected b
39、y a parents trauma, it may be their genes too. The study, just published in the journal Biological Psychiatry, was conducted by a team headed by neurobiologist Isabelle Mansuy of the University of Zurich. What she and her colleagues set out to explore went deeper than genetics in general, focusing i
40、nstead on epigeneticshow genes change as a result of environmental factors in ways that can be passed onto the next generation.To conduct their work, Mansuys team raised male mice from birth and continually but unpredictably separated them from their mothers from the time they were one day old until
41、 they were 14 days old. Thereafter, the animals were reared, fed and cared for normally, but the early trauma took its toll.As adults, the subject animals exhibited PTSD-like symptoms such as isolation and jumpiness. More tellingly, their genes functioned differently from those of other mice. The in
42、vestigators looked at five target genes associated with behaviormost notably, one that helps regulate the stress hormone CRF and one that regulates the neuro-transmitter serotoninand found that all of them were either over-reactive or under-reactive.These mice, for the purposes of the study, were th
43、e equivalent of first generation of Holocaust survivors. The same mice then fathered young and, like most males of the species, had nothing to do with their upbringing. The pups were raised by their mothers with none of the trauma and separation their fathers had suffered, and yet when they grew up,
44、 not only did they exhibit the same anxious behavior, they also had the same signature gene changes.“We saw the genetic differences both in the brains of the offspring mice and in the germlineor spermof the fathers,“ says Mansuy.Mouse studies, by their definition, are limited, particularly when the
45、animals are being used as stand-ins not merely for human biology, but for human behavior. Still, in this case, the nonhuman models were actually an advantage, since you could hardly run a control experiment in which second-generation survivors of the Holocaust were separated from their fathers, ensu
46、ring that you were studying inheritednot acquiredtraits. Whats more, says Mansuy, “with animals, you can study the brain in detail.“The Holocaust is hardly the only life crisis that can shape behavior and genes. Survivors of Afghanistan, Iraq or Darfuror even those who grew up in unstable or abusive
47、 homescan exhibit similar changes. But Holocaust survivors remain one of the best study groups available because their trauma was so great, their population is so well known, and so many of them have gone on to produce children, grandchildren and even great-grandchildren. Humans, alas, may never run out of ways to behave savagely toward one another. But the better we can understand the price paid by the victimsand the babies of the victimsthe better we might be able to treat their wounds.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the difficulties faced by holocaust survivors include al
