1、专业八级-351 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In this section, youll hear a mini-lecture. Youll hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but youll need them to complete a gap-fil
2、ling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, youll be given two minutes to check your notes, and another 10 minutes to complete the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure th
3、e word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.What Is Literary Writing?Distinguishing features of literary writingAPrimarily distinguishable U U 1 /U /U: creative or artistic contentBTwo differences from a specialized treatises: attracting
4、 not only a specific class of readers, but all the human beings. U U 2 /U /Uused more profoundly than when only to convey informationLiterature is a vital record of the authors opinionAU U 3 /U /U: used for the rhetorical effectBDevices: tone, rhyme, rhythm, U U 4 /U /U, dialogue and its variations
5、such as dialects and slang, etc.Literary writing is, in essence, a responseA U U 5 /U /Upersonal view trying to evoke a response in his readerLiterature is a process of communicationAPersonal motivation: an U U 6 /U /Ucharacteristic of literary writingBThings the artist needs to do: U U 7 /U /Uwithi
6、n himself reaching toward the truthThe common nature of many different genres of the novel, like the detective novelsABooks, consisting of words that have been used to express somethingBSubjective value judged by: U U 8 /U /UCWriters “literature“ should encompass: numerous different kinds of writers
7、 whose works endure.DThe aim of every artist: to U U 9 /U /Uchanging life, which makes him immortalConclusionLiterature is an art form, a U U 10 /U /Uto life. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section youll hear every
8、thing ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).A married woman is expected to first _. A.do her job well B.be a good mother C.
9、be a good housewife D.be a good wife（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reasons for putting husband ahead of the children are all the following EXCEPT _. A.husband is more important than children B.its good for children in their future C.girls will learn how to be a good wife D.girls and boys will learn to be
10、good partners（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The reason why Laura Bush is a good wife is that _. A.she is very intelligent B.she is very professional C.she is quite supportive D.she is a good career-woman（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Dr. Vorenica Corpening thinks its a _ act for wife to step back at home. A.compromisin
11、g B.wise C.stupid D.disgraceful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The interview talks about all of the following EXCEPT _. A.how to be a good wife B.why to be a good wife C.what a good wife is D.when to be a good wife（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL
12、Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.At the end of the news item, youll be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.The news item is mainly concerned with _. A.the unique genre of the Oprah Winfrey Show B.Oprahs troubled childhood C.Oprahs influence in
13、 American culture D.Oprahs support for Barack Obama语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).The Bank of Japan agreed to _. A.lend money to the government without interest B.buy up more government bonds C.cut down the interest rate D.lend money to financial institutions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Japanese stocks f
14、ell Wednesday because _. A.the economy was stagnant B.theres an interest rate cut C.analysts reacted with disappointment D.government bonds were bought up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news item, Moscow _. A.has put a stop to talks with the U.S. due to some difficulties B.keeps hopef
15、ul about finalizing the new agreement C.has agreed to abide by an interim agreement D.urges that the U.S. reduce nuclear warheads first（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It will take both parliaments _ to make the new agreement come into force. A.days B.weeks C.months D.years（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：
16、0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The World Bank is undeniably in crisis. But not because its president, Paul Wolfowitz, got his girlfriend a raise.It is the Wolfowitz saga that has been grabbing all the headlines, of course. The Iraqwar architect was plucked from the Defense Department and deposi
17、ted by President George W. Bush at the World Bank in 2005 (by tradition, the U.S. President picks the banks chief). At the time, Wolfowitz informed the banks ethics committee that he was seeing Shaha Riza, a communication adviser at the bank, and the in-house ethicists told him she should be moved t
18、o another agency and given a raise for her troubles. But the size of the pay hike (from $133,000 to $180,000, tax free) and other details about Rizas transfer raised hackles among bank staff and sparked an investigation. The banks board will decide any day now whether Wolfowitz stays or goes.This dr
19、agged-out mess, though, is a distraction. The bigger issue is that the Washington-based bank and its sister organization, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), are struggling to justify their continued existence.The situation is most pressing for the smaller IMF, which pays its bills with the profi
20、ts it makes by lending money to middle-income countries in financial trouble. With hardly any such countries in trouble these days, the organization is projecting a $224 million deficit for this fiscal year and asking its member nations if they can start selling off some of the gold they deposited w
21、ith it after World War (the answer so far: no).The World Bank isnt that desperate, but it faces similar pressure. Both organizations were created in 1944 by the soon-to-be-victorious Allied powers. At the time, says Harvard professor and former IMF chief economist Kenneth Rogoff, “global financial m
22、arkets barely existed, and domestic financial markets barely existed in Europe.“The World Banks initial job was to finance reconstruction in Europe. The Marshall Plan rendered that task superfluous, so the bankin the first of several reinventionsmoved on to bankroll development in other countries. T
23、he idea was to lend to governments that were creditworthy but had no access to rich-country capital markets. “Now we live in a world where there are huge global capital markets, where, if anything, investors are too willing to invest in developing countries,“ says Adam Lerrick, a former investment b
24、anker who teaches economics at Carnegie Mellon University. The World Banks net lending has plummeted over the past few years, even as it keeps shopping loans to the likes of Brazil, Turkey, Russia and China, sometimes on hugely generous terms.This is the work of the biggest part of the World Bank, t
25、he International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Member countries make deposits (the U.S. share is $2 billion down and $30 billion pledged); the bank sells bonds backed by those deposits and pledges, then lends the money out at a small profit. The other main arm of the World Bank, the Inter
26、national Development Association, gets regular infusions of cash from rich countries and lends funds on near giveaway terms to truly poor countries, mostly in Africa (the U.S. contribution is just under $1 billion a year, or 0.04% of federal spending).Lerrick wants the World Bank to stop lending to
27、middle-income countries and restructure its loans to the poorest nations as outright grants. Nancy Birdsall, a former World Banker who ran a Washington think tank called the Center for Global Development, argues that the bank could have more impact on poverty by making better use of its best assets:
28、 the expertise of its staff and its ability to coordinate global action. “Lending and grantmaking at the country level should not be the end-all and be-all,“ she says. “It should be the vehicle for advice and constant rebuilding of the banks knowledge.“ Birdsall is a World Bank fan but agrees with c
29、ritics like Lerrick that it must become smaller (it has a staff of 10,000) and less bank like to remain relevant.Wolfowitzs allies say he is the victim of backlash from entrenched bank staff upset that he is turning up the heat on an anticorruption campaign begun by his predecessor, James Wolfensohn
30、. Thats probably overstating things. But the potential backlash against slashing the banks staff and getting it out of lending would surely be epic, which may explain why no World Bank president, Wolfowitz included, has attempted it.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, the World Banks real problem
31、is _. A.its corruption B.its policy on lending C.its continued existence D.Wolfowitzs romantic relationship（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the World Bank? A.Its anticorruption campaign is still going on. B.It should readjust its role in combating po
32、verty. C.It has satisfied its initial job to finance reconstruction in Europe. D.It is playing a more and more important role in lending to developing countries.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the World Bank should do the following EXCEPT _. A.reducing staff B.coordinating global acti
33、on C.increasing the profit it makes D.offering advice to poor countries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT true according to Nancy Birdsall? A.The World Bank should reduce its staff. B.The World Bank should coordinate global action. C.The World Bank should offer advice to poor countri
34、es. D.The World Bank should limit its work to lending and grant making.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that the author was _ the capability of the World Bank to solve its problems. A.confident in B.indifferent to C.optimistic about D.pessimistic about（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEX
35、T B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Theres a debate raging over Lyme disease, although youd never know it unless youve been paying close attentionbecause on the surface it sounds like the dullest argument imaginable. Last year, the Infectious Diseases Society of America issued new guidelines saying physicians shoul
36、d treat Lyme with antibiotics for no longer than 30 days. Some docs think thats wrong. Its a seemingly straightforward difference of opinion. So why has the debate dissolved into animosity, with one side suggesting that its opponents have no credibility and the other slinging deeply personal insults
37、 on the Web? And why has it now spilled out of medical journals and onto the office of a state attorney general? Clearly, something other than ticks is bugging a lot of doctors.Lyme diseasethe most common insect-borne ailment in America, with roughly 20,000 cases diagnosed each year and more undetec
38、tedis transmitted mostly by a well-known pest, the deer tick. But the real culprit is something even nastier, a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi that lives in the ticks gut. When Borrelia infiltrates the human body, it can cause a suite of distinctive symptoms, most notably a flulike feeling an
39、d a red rash like a bulls-eye. Sometimes, though, it causes no symptoms at all, and thats more dangerous, because the early signs are the only warnings doctors have. If Lyme is left undiagnosed and untreated, its consequences can be serious, including arthritis, meningitis, heart problems and inflam
40、mation of the brain. “The real secret,“ says Dr. Michael Zimring, director of the Center for Wilderness and Travel Medicine at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, “is to be able to recognize the disease early enough.“Zimring would know. Several years ago his wife felt fluish and came down with an ova
41、lshaped rash. Zimring wasnt sure what she had, but “knowing our backyard is loaded with ticks was enough,“ he says. He started his wife right away on one of the classic, effective antibiotics used to treat Lyme. When her medical tests came back, they proved him right. “I treated her for three weeks,
42、“ he says, “and that was it. No problem.“Unfortunately, not all Lyme patients recover so easily. And thats whats at the heart of the debatesome does think patients who are treated inadequately can develop a chronic form of the disease, while others deny that its possible. Dr. Rafael Stricter, presid
43、ent of the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society, believes in “chronic Lyme disease,“ and he says that in his clinical experience about 70 percent of patients with it get better if theyre treated long term with the same drugs used to treat early infection. But the doctors who made the n
44、ew IDSA guidelines on treatment say theres no such thing as chronic Lyme, because in most patients who complain of it, Borrelia isnt detectable in the body. Dr. Gary Wormser, who chaired the IDSA panel, prefers the term “post-Lyme syndrome.“ “Treating that syndrome with high-dose antibiotics for mon
45、thsas some physicians did before the new guidelinescan only hurt patients,“ he says. “It can give them gallstones and infections and lead to antibiotic resistance while not curing anything. The majority of patients treated for chronic Lyme do not have post-Lyme,“ he says, “and in fact never, ever ha
46、d Lyme disease at all.“This does not sit well with thousands of patients who believe they do have chronic Lyme and badly want antibiotic treatment for it. “The IDSA is basically saying to them, were right, youre wrong, we dont want to listen to you, just take some antide-pressants and go away,“ says
47、 Stricker. The IDSA is a highly respected group of doctors. But its facing formidable opposition, not just from Strickers group (and angry patients whove taken to Internet message boards) but also from the attorney generals office in Connecticut, the state with the countrys highest incidence of Lyme disease. A.G. Richard Blumenthal has launched an investigation of the IDSA panel, looking into whether it ignored any research that would support long-term antibiotic treatment (the guidelines cite more than 400 studies). “Our question basically i
