1、专业八级-349 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically semantically acceptable. You may refer to your n
2、ote.Stages of Second Language AcquisitionStage : (1) Period:1) in this stage, most students understand (2) than they can produce.Stage : Early production2) Learners can use repetitive language patterns to express ideas and they try to express concepts by using (3) words only.Stage : Speech emergence
3、Students have developed a vocabulary of about 3,000 words and can communicate with simple (4) Stage IV: (5) fluency beginning to use (6) sentences when speaking and writing and are willing to express opinions and share their thoughts. They will (7) to clarify what they are learning in class.Stage V:
4、 Advanced FluencyIt takes students from (8) to achieve cognitive academic language proficiency. Student will be (9) in their ability to perform in content area learning.By being aware of these stages, Students can feel confident about their learning process and they can (10) levels if they feel they
5、 cannot express exactly what they have in mind.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following statements about Doctor David Ho is correct?（分数：1.00）A.He was Time magazines man of the year in 2006 for his achievement
6、.B.Hes a scientific director for AIDS Treatment at Rockefeller University.C.He was the lead researcher in the new study against AIDS.D.He was skeptical of the results of the new study.(2).What did this study accomplish?（分数：1.00）A.The study allows doctors to control the part of HIV thats active in th
7、e body quite well.B.The hidden pool of HIV is named as the reservior through this study.C.The hidden pool of HIV is lowered modestly in the four patients.D.The hidden pool of HIV could be reduced more than 80 percent.(3).What does Doctor David Ho say about the measurement of the test results?（分数：1.0
8、0）A.modestB.not so accurateC.not so cautiousD.interesting(4).What does the implication of the study?（分数：1.00）A.The results of the study show that it is a step in the direction of a possible cure of AIDS.B.The results of the study show that the sleeping cells could be activated by this drug.C.The res
9、ults of the study show that the drugs could get at the virus in the sleeping cells.D.The results of the study show that the risk of the AIDS will not go away.(5).What will the future study in this respect be like according to Doctor David Ho?（分数：1.00）A.More patients will be studied to see if the obs
10、ervation of the study could be confirmedB.The scientists will not be so careful or cautious in carrying out such research.C.All the studies will reach 50 or 100 patients before we know more about this particular technique.D.The scientists will experiment on other particular techniques other than the
11、 one used in this study.四、SECTION C(总题数：4，分数：5.00)1.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.According to the news, what may be significance of the discovery?（分数：1.00）A.The discovery may determ
12、ine the way some information travels inside the body.B.The discovery may prove useful in strengthening the teaching in Medical Schools.C.The discovery may help find treatments for serious conditions and diseases.D.The discovery may win a large amount of funds for the development of the two Medical S
13、chools.2.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.The Education Department made the announcement after almost three years of wait.B.The Educ
14、ation Department made the announcement when the idea of single-sex classes is widely accepted by the public.C.The Education Department denied that there are mixed views on the issue.D.The White House initiated the plan.Question 9 and 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, yo
15、u will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Who said the talks will not be negotiations?（分数：1.00）A.The general who led Thailands military ouster.B.The rebel leaders.C.The former Prime Minister.D.The new Prime Minister.(2).Who will be the new Prime Minister
16、of Thailand?（分数：1.00）A.General Sondhi Boonyaratkalin.B.Thaksin Shinawatra.C.Surayud Chulanont.D.The former governor of the province of Pattan3.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the n
17、ews.Why has the US made a 20-million-dollar plan to increase the security force of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas?（分数：1.00）A.To force Israel to agree to open the Rafah Crossing between Egypt and the Gaza Strip at planned periods over the next month.B.To support Mr. Abbas and his Fatah party in
18、its effort to gain power over the militant group Hamas.C.To postpone the meeting with top officials from both sides.D.To gain agreement from Israel to lift some restrictions on the Palestinians.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in th
19、e accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child bad made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an a
20、ward of $750,000.The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizers excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful“ child who contributed to the family economy gave way
21、 gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless“ child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless.“ Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid- 1800s. this new view of childhood sprea
22、d throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo.FoHr Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many
23、and complex. The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were
24、 all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the cash nexus, .although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,“ Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process of sacralization“ of childr
25、ens lives.“ Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.In stressing the c
26、ultural determinants of a childs worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “sociological economics,“ who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultur
27、al forces in the form of individual “preferences,“ these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transfo
28、rm price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their “exchange“ or “surrender“ value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.（分数：5.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards
29、in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the_.（分数：1.00）A.earnings of the person at time of deathB.wealth of the party causing the deathC.degree of guilt of the party causing the deathD.amount of suffering endured by the family of the person killed(2).It can be infer
30、red from the passage that in the early 1800s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who_.（分数：1.00）A.needed enormous amounts of security and affectionB.required constant supervision while workingC.were important to the economic well-being of a familyD.were financial burdens
31、 assumed for the good of society(3).Which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would most likely come from sociological economists?（分数：1.00）A.Parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children.B.Childrens expected
32、 earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.C.Compulsory education laws reduced the supply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor.D.Changes in the law made available of indemnity for damages in accidental-death cases.(4).Which of the following statements of American famil
33、ies in 19th century can be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Family members became more economically dependent on each other.B.The percentage of families involved in industrial work declined dramatically.C.Family members became more emotionally bonded to one another.D.Family members spent an incr
34、easing amount of time working with each other.(5).Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of childrens worth EXCEPT changes in（分数：1.00）A.the nature of industryB.the nature of the familyC.attitudes toward reform movementsD.attitudes toward the marketp
35、lace七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Replying to our Christmas “good guru guide“, Peter Drucker, the grand old man of management theory, speculated that the word “guru“ had become popular only because “charlatan“ was too long a word for most headlines. Few people are easier to ridicule than management gums. I
36、rrepressible self-publicists and slavish fashion-merchants, they make a splendid living out of recycling other peoples ideas (“chaos management“ ), coining euphemisms (“downsizing“ ) and laboring the obvious (“managing by wandering around“ or the customer is king“ ). Their books draw heavily on part
37、icular case studies often out-of-date ones that have nasty knack of collapsing later. And their ideas change quickly. Tom Peters, once a self-confessed sycophant to the corporate behemoth is now an apostle of the small, chaotic, “virtual“ organization.Gums do have their uses, however. Begin with the
38、 circumstantial evidence. In America, where management theories are treated with undue reverence, business is bouncing back. In Germany, where business schools hardly exist and management theory is widely seen as an oxymoron, many companies are in trouble. German business magazines are suddenly brim
39、ming with articles about “downsizing“ and “business process re-engineering“ . In Japan firms are once again turning to business theories from America just as their fathers learnt after the Second World War from American quality control techniques. Coincidence does not prove causation: American firms
40、 were just as much in love with gums when they were doing badly. But the fact that Germans and Japanese are paying attention again does offer some clues. The most important point in favor of management theories is that they are on the side of change. In 1927 a group of psychologists studying product
41、ivity at Western Electrics Hawthorne factory in Illinois found that workers increased their output whenever the level of lighting was changed, up or down. At the very least, theorists can make change easier by identifying problems, acting as scapegoats for managers or simply making people think. A v
42、ested interest in change can lead to faddism. But, taken with a requisite dose of scepticism, it can be fine complacency-shaker.A second argument for gurus relates to knowledge. The best management theorists collect a lot of information about what makes firms successful. This varies from the highly
43、technical, such as how to discount future cash flow, to softer organizational theories. Few would dispute the usefulness of the first. It is in the second area the land of “flat hierarchies and“ multi-functional teams“ that gums have most often stumbled against or contradicted each other. This knowl
44、edge is not obviously providing a strategic recipe for success: there are too many variables in business, and if all competitors used the same recipe it would automatically cease to work. But it does provide something managers want: information about, and understanding of, other companies experience
45、 in trying out tactics thinner management structures, handing power to workers, performance-related pay, or whatever.A good analogy may be with diets. There is no such thing as the “correct“ diet, but it is clear that some foods, in some quantities, arc better for you than others: and it is also lik
46、ely that the main virtue of following a diet is not what you eat but the fact that it forces you to think about it. If management diets come with a lot of hype and some snake-oil, so be it.（分数：4.00）(1).Which of the following is the most suitable in meaning for the word“ guru“ in the passage?（分数：1.00
47、）A.philosopher.B.company boss.C.worker.D.management theorist.(2).The second paragraph seems to suggest that Germans_.（分数：1.00）A.have no business schoolsB.never discuss management theoryC.are beginning to realize the importance of management theoryD.refuse to accept American values(3).The 1927 study
48、case described in the second paragraph is used to_.（分数：1.00）A.illustrate the usefulness of management theoristsB.demonstrate the efficiency of management theoristsC.show the important role of psychologistsD.reveal the flexibility of the workers(4).Which of the following titles is the most appropriat
49、e for the passage?（分数：1.00）A.In Defense of the Guru.B.A Sharp Word for the Guru.C.the Weakness of the Guru.D.Gurus a Guarantee for Success.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a nei
