1、专业八级-342 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Complete the gap-filling task Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your
2、 notes.Creativity Environment. What we do in creative thinkingA. The Explorerour role for collecting materials and informationB.U U 1 /U /U- our role for turning materials and information into new ideasC. The Judgeour role for evaluating the merits and feasibility of an ideaD. The Warriorour role fo
3、r carrying U U 2 /U /Uinto action. What kind of classroom environment we needA. Making resources available1. In the school or outside the school2. Focusing more on the skill of U U 3 /U /Uthan on knowing or not knowing something3. Teacher is not only the provider of knowledge and information, but th
4、e facilitator of the process.B. Letting students work un-judged.1. Suspending U U 4 /U /Ucompletely for the whole Artist period2. Giving learners enough un-judged time to get lots of ideasC. Not presetting U U 5 /U /U1. Setting open-ended tasks and giving learners the freedom of choice2. Helping lea
5、rners to learn about how to U U 6 /U /UD. Rearranging the classroom and time. Teachers responsibilities A. Timing1. Unlimited time, which is inner, personal, for lateral thinking and for reflection2. Limited time, which is controlled from U U 7 /U /U, for focused thinking, researching and actionsB.
6、Task assignment1. Giving learners a chance to act in U U 8 /U /U2. Or giving learners a role that we think they need to practise3. As for a more complex activity, breaking it down into tasks matching the rolesC. Celebration. Helping to reinforce the U U 9 /U /Uatmosphere needed for creative thinking
7、. SummaryA. Neil Postman: schools deprive students of U U 10 /U /Uin the world.B. We should try to invalidate Postmans opinion. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen care
8、fully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.（分数：5.00）(1).Working out is beneficial to human in all the following ways EXCEPT_ A. it does good to your body. B. it can improve your intelligence. C. it can enlarge your circle of acquaintanc
9、e. D. it can fight diseases.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Exercise could reduce the risk of getting Alzheimer. B. Exercise could improve cognitive function. C. Interconnection of nerve cells primarily benefits memory function. D. The brain functions better w
10、ith interconnection of nerve cells.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the woman, in which way does exercise help people in their 40s and 50s? A. It can reduce the risk of getting Alzheimer. B. It can reduce the risk of getting cognitive impairment. C. It can reduce the risk of getting cancer. D. It c
11、an make them spiritually healthy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The California Teacher Study found the greatest reduction in breast cancer of about _ percent among the women that were exercising the most. A. 26 B. 40 C. 31 D. 14（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The first thing for a woman who gets a diagnosis of breast ca
12、ncer to do is_ A. to start exercising. B. to see the doctor. C. to get a good medical team. D. to keep a healthy mood.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer t
13、o each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Which of the following statements is INCORECT? A. The Kairuku penguin became extinct about. B. The Kairuku penguin lived in the Oligocene time period. C. The fossil penguin is reconstructed in New Zealand. D. The research is published in the Journal of Vertebrate
14、Paleontology.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).What is the news mainly about? A. Mexico is holding an election. B. Voting in Mexico is threatened by drug cartels. C. There is widespread nervousness in Mexico. D. Election candidates in Mexico are subject to violence.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The measures
15、taken by the election candidates against violence mentioned in the news include all the following EXCEPT_ A. keeping public agenda secret. B. using false information. C. avoiding violent place activity. D. avoiding night-time political activity.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).It seems that _ of the pe
16、ople in England are in favor of a woman bishop. A. the majority B. the minority C. half D. few（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The plan of ordaining women bishops was finally _ A. approved. B. rejected. C. destroyed. D. unsettled.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)By the y
17、ear 2100, global temperatures are anticipated to rise by between 0.8 and 3.5 degree Celsius. That may not seem like much, but, such an increase in temperature would cause a rise in sea levels large enough to put the lives of up to 100 million people at risk (This number will rise as the global popul
18、ation increases). Widespread flooding, as well as droughts in other areas, could cause migrations as areas become uninhabitable. Tropical diseases would almost certainly spread northwards, causing “wide-ranging and mostly adverse impacts on human health, with significant loss of life“.For the first
19、time in the scientific community, there is total agreement that the activity of humans is at least partly responsible for the problemespecially the emission of greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide, which is released by the burning of wood, coal and petroleum products. Reducing harmful emissions is
20、just one area in which the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel is decidedly optimistic. For one thing, in the short term it might not prove that difficult. Efficiency improvements alone could cut energy needs by as much as 30 percent at virtually no extra cost and, in developed countries, emissio
21、n reduction of up to 60 percent “are technically feasible“. In the longer term, harmful emissions will be reduced as the world changes over to cheaper, less environmentally damaging energy resources.So, if it is economically and technically feasible to reduce harmful emissions, why is almost nothing
22、 being done? There are two main reasons. The first stems from the uncertainty about how hot the planet is going to get. The current estimate is extremely broadbetween 0.8 and 3.5 degree Celsius. If the former prediction is accurate, it may be that we can adapt to it without difficulty. If, on the ot
23、her hand, the latter is closer to reality, a complete rethink of the worlds energy supplies is already long overdue.This leads directly to the second problemthe time scale involved. It is hard to get people to act when predictions may take between 50 and 100 years to materialize. For politicians, wh
24、o face elections every half decade or so, preventative action against a future threatthe magnitude of which is still very uncertaincarries heavy political risks.Even if politicians in the developed world were to be forced into action, what of the developing world, which is economically dependent on
25、fossil fuels? Should it reduce emission, and suffer the consequence, because of mistakes made by the developed world?One suggestion is that developing countries be given allowances above the current emission standard. This would enable them to meet their industrialized needs and ultimately help them
26、 to finance environmentally sound technologies. This would seem the only realistic way of getting agreement from developing countriesa vital requirement because, if preventive action is going to work, “you really have to have everyone on board“.（分数：5.00）(1).The worldwide temperature rise will NOT ca
27、use_ A. long period of dry weather. B. human health deterioration. C. damage to resources. D. loss of life.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the longer span of the future, what is the most important in reducing harmful emissions? A. Efficiency improvement. B. New energy resources. C. New technologies. D. Burn
28、ing less fossil fuel.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What will be the result of harmful emission reductions for the developing countries? A. Developing countries will be able to shun the mistakes made by developed countries in harmful emission. B. Economy of developing countries will be affected. C. Developing
29、 countries will meet the present emission standard for their industrialized needs. D. Developing countries will get money that can help them deduce waste emission.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is peoples attitude towards worldwide temperature rise? A. They are uncertain and therefore take a wait-and-see
30、 attitude. B. They are very anxious and have begun to reduce harmful emissions. C. They do not think the earth will be too hot to live on, hence adopting a passive attitude. D. They are very optimistic and therefore have not done anything about it.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following best des
31、cribes the authors development of argument? A. Putting forward a problemsuggesting solutionsmaking a conclusion. B. Introductionputting forward a problemanalyzing itmaking a conclusion. C. Introductionputting forward a problemsuggesting solutionsmaking a conclusion. D. Putting forward a problemanaly
32、zing itsuggesting solutions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)During the next few weeks publishers will release a crush of books, pile them onto delivery lorries and fight to get them on the display tables at the front of bookshops in the run-up to Christmas. It is an impressive display of
33、competitive commercial activity. It is also increasingly pointless.More quickly than almost anyone predicted, e-books are emerging as a serious alternative to the paper kind. Amazon, comfortably the biggest e-book retailer, has lowered the price of its Kindle e-readers to the point where people do n
34、ot fear to take them to the beach. In America, the most advanced market, about one-fifth of the largest publishers sales are of e-books. Newly released blockbusters may sell as many digital copies as paper ones. The proportion is growing quickly, especially when many bookshops are closing.For reader
35、s, this is splendid. Just as Amazon collapsed distance by bringing a huge range of books to out-of-the-way places, it is now collapsing time, by enabling readers to download books instantly. Moreover, anybody can now publish a book, through Amazon and a number of other services. Huge choice and low
36、prices are helping books hold their own on digital devices, even against “Angry Birds“.For publishers, though, it is a dangerous time. Book publishing resembles the newspaper business in the late 1990s, or music in the early 2000s. Although revenues are fairly stable, and the traditional route is st
37、ill the only way to launch a blockbuster, the climate is changing. Some of the publishers functionspackaging books and promoting them to shopsare becoming obsolete. Algorithms and online recommendations threaten to replace them as arbiters of quality. The tide of self-published books threatens to sw
38、amp their products. As bookshops close, they lose a crucial showcase. And they face, as the record companies did, a near-monopoly controlling digital distribution: Amazons grip over the e-book market is much like Apples control of music downloads.Yet there are still two important jobs for publishers
39、. They act as the venture capitalists of the words business, advancing money to authors of worthwhile books that might not be written otherwise. And they are editors, picking good books and improving them. So it would be good, not just for their shareholders but also for intellectual life, if they s
40、urvived.They are doing some things right. Having watched the record companies impotence after Apple wrested control of music-pricing from them, the publishers have managed to retain their ability to set prices. But they are missing some tricks. The music and film industries have started to bundle el
41、ectronic with physical versions of their productsby, for instance, providing those who buy a DVD of a movie with a code to download it from the Internet. Publishers, similarly, should bundle e-books with paper books. They also need to become more efficient. Digital books can be distributed globally,
42、 but publishers persist in dividing the world into territories with separate editorial staffs. In the digital age it is daft to take months or even years to get a book to market. And if they are to distinguish their wares from self-published dross, they must get better at choosing books, honing idea
43、s and polishing copy. If publishers are to hold readers attention they must tell a better storyand edit out all the spelling mistakes as well.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, readers welcome e-books because_ A. the e-readers become cheaper. B. many traditional bookstores are out of business. C
44、. they can make a quick response. D. the e-book service is free from physical constraints.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why do some publishers no longer promote their books? A. Because the paper books are not profitable enough to sustain promotion. B. Because Amazons near monopoly over the industry makes pro
45、motion unnecessary. C. Because the public have easy access to the books sales and reviews. D. Because all the writers are promoting the books on their own.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What are publishers supposed to do in order to survive? A. They should sponsor the writers in poverty. B. They should superv
46、ise the book quality. C. They should get ready for the competition. D. They should participate in intellectual life.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the last paragraph, we know that_ A. e-books are now sold together with the paper versions. B. a digital publication usually takes months or years to get to m
47、arket. C. the official publications are actually superior to the self-published ones in quality. D. publishers have hired different editors in different areas.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is the best title of the passage? A. The Challenges of the Traditional Publishers B. The Transformation of the Book Industry C. The Keys to the Success of the E-books D. The Destined Disappearance of the Paper Books（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、BTEXT C/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In the first episode of Six Feet Under, a popular American television show aired earlier this
