1、专业八级-338 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a g
2、ap-filling task after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically 2) Another one only 1/10 ideas taken to the final U(7) /U ; (7)_3) The
3、 third one Most people cannot guarantee a U(8) /U return on their (8)_investment. Companies and U(9) /U ideas: (9)_1) Because of various reasons, the technology would likely become outmoded;2) Some companies U(10) /U other specialized individuals or organisations (10)_to do research on their behalf;
4、3) Governments need to encourage and facilitate the interaction of the domesticfirms with overseas companies.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In section B you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and
5、 then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will answer each of the following questions.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the conversation what is Dr. Gus purpose?（分数：1.00）A.To have a talk with e
6、xhibitor.B.To purchase a lab.C.To discuss the possibility of negotiation with the Universal Computers Ltd.D.To inquire more information about the scientific apparatus.(2).They have been concerned with the following terms EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.millions of instructions per secondB.discountC.remote connec
7、tionD.management committee(3).From the conversation we know if we buy more products from the Universal Computers Ltd., _.（分数：1.00）A.we can earn more moneB.we can benefit moreC.they will give us more serviceD.they will move their main building to China(4).When can exhibitor expect to get an answer?（分
8、数：1.00）A.Within a month or two.B.By Tuesday.C.Very soon.D.Immediately.(5).From the conversation we can deduce that_.（分数：1.00）A.they have a good beginning of tradingB.they are eager to know each otherC.they want to shake hands in BeijingD.they hate the barriers between them三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.0
9、0)Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. （分数：2.00）(1).Which statement is NOT true ?（分数：1.00）A.The girl was living with her mother.B.The landlady witnessed the crime.C.The girl and the suspect probably were dating.D.The girl was found dead on the floor.(2).We can learn from the news that_
10、.（分数：1.00）A.police provided detail in formations about the girlB.Tobago has a population of 1.2 millionC.homicide increased in TobagoD.Tobago is generally a peaceful island1.In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the corre
11、ct answer to each question.Question 6 is based on the following news. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. （分数：2.00）(1).The reasons why the church wanted to burn Harry Potter books didnt include that _.（分数：1.00）A.it believed that the books were an abhorrence to GodB.i
12、t believed that the books would weaken the communication with GodC.it believed that the existence of God had been confused by the bookD.it believed that the books would ruin the lives of many young people(2).Which statement is not true?（分数：1.00）A.The stories of Harry Potter are criticized in some ot
13、her cities in U.S except New Mexico.B.Young people are fascinated with Harry Potter.C.Christian churches hate Harry Potter.D.Pastor Jack Brock planned to burn the Harry Potter books on Sunday.四、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of tw
14、enty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully.BTEXT A/BFish farming in the desert may at first sound like an anomaly, but in Israel over the last decade a scientific hunch has turned into a bustling business.Scientists here say they realized they were no to something when they found th
15、at brackish water drilled from underground desert aquifers (含土水层) hundreds of feet deep could be used to raise warm-water fish. The geothermal water, less than one-tenth as saline as sea water, free of pollutants and a toasty 98 degrees on average, proved an ideal match.“It was not simple to convinc
16、e people that growing fish in the desert makes sense,“ said Samuel Appelbaum, a professor and fish biologist at the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research at the Sede Boqer campus of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.“It is important to stop with the reputation that arid land is nonfertile,
17、 useless land,“ said Professor Appelbaum, who pioneered the concept of desert aquaculture in Israel in the late 1980s. “We should consider arid land where subsurface water exists as land that has great opportunities, especially in food production because of the low level of competition on the land i
18、tself and because it gives opportunities to its inhabitants.“The next step in this country, where water is scarce and expensive, was to show farmers that they could later use the water in which the fish are raised to irrigate their crops in a system called double usage. The organic waste produced by
19、 the cultured fish makes the water especially useful, because it acts as fertilizer for the crops.Fields watered by brackish water dot Israels Negev and Arava Deserts in the south of the country, where they spread out like green blankets against a landscape of sand dunes and rocky outcrops. At Kibbu
20、tz Mashabbe Sade in the Negev, the recycled water from the fish ponds is used to irrigate acres of olive and jojoba groves. Elsewhere it is also used for irrigating date palms and alfalfa.The chain of multiple users for the water is potentially a model that can be copied, especially in arid third wo
21、rld countries where farmers struggle to produce crops, and Israeli scientists have recently been peddling their ideas abroad.Dry lands cover about 40 percent of the planet, and the people who live on them are often among the poorest in the world. Scientists are working to share the desert aquacultur
22、e technology they fine-turned here with Tanzania, India, Australia and China, among others. (Similar methods offish farming are being used in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona.)“Each farm could run itself, which is important in the developing world,“ said Alon Tal, a leading Israeli environmental activi
23、st who recently organized a conference on desertification, with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and Ben-Gurion University, that brought policy makers and scientists from 30 countries to Israel.“A whole village could adopt such a system,“ Dr. Tal added.At the conference, Grego
24、ire de Kalbermatten, deputy secretary general of the antidesertification group at the United Nations, said, “We need to learn from the resilience of Israel in developing dry lands.“Israel, long heralded for its agricultural success in the desert through innovative technologies like drip irrigation,
25、has found ways to use low-quality water and what is considered terrible soil to grow produce like sweet cherry tomatoes, people, asparagus and melon, marketing much of it abroad to Europe, especially during winter.The history of fish-farming in nondesert areas here, mostly in the Galilee region near
26、 the sea, dates back to the late 1920s, before Israel was established as a state. At the time, the country was extremely poor and meat was considered a luxury. But fish was a cheap food source, so fish farms were set up on several kibbutzim in the Galilee.The early Jewish farmers were mostly Eastern
27、 Europeans, and Professor Safriel said, “they only knew gefilte fish, so they grew carp.“Eventually they expanded to other varieties of fish including tilapia, striped bass and mullet, as well as ornamental fish.The past decade has seen the establishment of about 15 fish farms producing both edible
28、and ornamental fish in the Negev and Arava Deserts.Fish farming, meanwhile, has became more lucrative worldwide as people seek more fish in their diet for better health, and ocean fisheries increasingly are being depleted.The practice is not without critics, who say it can harm the environment and t
29、he fish. In Israel there was a decision by the government to stop fish fanning in the Red Sea near the southern city of Eilat by 2008 because it was deemed damaging to nearby coral reefs.Some also argue that the industry is not sustainable in the long term because most of the fish that are fanned ar
30、e carnivorous and must be fed a protein-rich diet of other fish, usually caught in the wild. Another criticism is that large numbers of fish are kept in relatively small areas, leading to a higher risk of disease.Professor Appelbaum said the controversy surrounding fish farming in ocean areas does n
31、ot apply to desert aquaculture, which is in an isolated, controlled area, with much less competition for resources.（分数：5.00）(1).Fish farming in the desert is possible because_.（分数：1.00）A.fresh water can be drilled from underground desert aquifersB.the water drilled from the underground desert aquife
32、rs is only one-tenth as salty as sea waterC.the water drilled from the underground desert aquifers contains more nutritious elements than fresh waterD.the water drilled from the underground desert aquifers is not as hot as the sea water(2).According to Professor Appelbaum, what is the important step
33、 to convince people it is possible to develop fish farming in desert?（分数：1.00）A.To inform them fish farming is a lucrative industry worldwide as people seek more fish in their diet for better health.B.To rid them of the preconception that arid land is unfertile and useless.C.To help them with techni
34、cal support.D.To persuade government to provide more economic support.(3).Israeli scientists are working to share their desert aquaculture technology with countries like Tanzania, India and China because_.（分数：1.00）A.all of them are third world countriesB.these countries are still struggling with lac
35、k of enough foodC.these countries are covered by large areas of dry landD.people who live in these countries are among the poorest in the world(4).According to Uriel Safriel, what is the important force that drivers Israeli scientists to develop desert aquiculture as well as agriculture technologies
36、?（分数：1.00）A.The fact that Israel is a country where fresh water is scarce and valuable.B.The fact that Israelis are forced to wring food from arid lands.C.The Israeli determination to reconstruct their country.D.The Hebrew belief that desert is a reconstruct their country.(5).Which of the following
37、statements offish farming in Israel is right?（分数：1.00）A.The history offish farming in desert in Israel can be traced back to the 1920s.B.Fish farming in desert may to harm to the environment.C.Fish farming in desert may not be sustainable in the long term.D.Fish farming in desert is more advantageou
38、s than that in ocean areas.2.BTEXT B/BOne thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Economist in print, one has to go to a news-stand, which may or may not carry it. Finding it online, though, is a different proposition.
39、 Just go to Google, type in “economist“ and you will be instantly directed to . Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case. Indeed, until Google, now the worlds most popular search engine, came on to the scene in September 1998, it was not the case at all. As in the physica
40、l world, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair.Google was vastly better than anything that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. Almost overnight, it made the web far more useful, particularly for non- specialist users, many of whom now regard
41、 Google as the internets front door. The recent fuss over Googles stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their names become used as verbs.Google began in 1998 as an academic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence
42、Page, who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of course. Existing search engines were able to scan or “crawl“ a large portion of the web, build an index, and then find pages that matched particular words. But they were less
43、 good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.Mr Brins and Mr Pages accomplishment was to devise a way to sort the results by determining which pages were likely to be most relevant. They did so using a mathematical recipe, or algorithm, called Pag
44、eRank. This algorithm is at the heart of Googles success, distinguishing it from all previous search engines and accounting for its apparently magical ability to find the most useful web pages.Untangling the webPageRank works by analysing the structure of the web itself. Each of its billions of page
45、s can link to other pages, and can also, in turn, be linked to. Mr Brin and Mr Page reasoned that if a page was linked to many other pages, it was likely to be important. Furthermore, if the pages that linked to a page were important, then that page was even. more likely to be important. There is, o
46、f course, an inherent circularity to this formulathe importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that link to it, the importance of which depends in turn on the importance of pages that link to them. But using some mathematical tricks, this circularity can be resolved, and each page ca
47、n be given a score that reflects its importance.The simplest way to calculate the score for each page is to perform a repeating or “iterative“ calculation I see article). To start with, all pages are given the same score. Then each link from one page to another is counted as a “vote“ for the destina
48、tion page. Each pages score is recalculated by adding up the contribution from each incoming link, which is simply the score of the linking page divided by the number of outgoing links on that page. (Each pages score is thus shared out among the pages it links to.)Once all the scores have been recalculated, the process is repeated using the new scores, until the scores settle down and stop changing (in mathematical jargon, the calculation “converges“. The final scores can then be used to rank search results: pages that match a particular set of search t
