1、专业八级-332 及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a g
2、ap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically 2) depending much on how you U(1) /U your family.
3、(1) _. To stay in your home area by renting a house or a flat:1) cannot inviting your U(2) /U to visit you freely; (2) _2) would be rather unhappy if not getting on well with your U(3) /U (3) _. To ask U(4) /U on campus for help in finding houses: (4) _1) difficult in some areas because of a U(5) /U
4、 student population; (5) _2) many U(6) /U not willing to rent rooms to students. (6) _. To share U(7) /U with some other students: (7) _1) very cheap rent;2) no old people watching over;3) and the housework shared with room-mates;4) causing problems if having U(8) /U characters. (8) _. To try a bed-
5、sitter one room that you use as a bedroom andsitting room U(9) /U: (9) _1) not very expensive rent;2) easy to keep clean and cheap and to heat;3) simple to make it feel like a real home;4) may be always U(10) /U if cooking; (10) _5) might be hanging your wet clothes all round the room;6) can be very
6、 lonely at first.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In section B, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question.Questions
7、1 to 5 are based on an interview. （分数：5.00）(1).According to Nick, what is the most dangerous notion in the world?（分数：1.00）A.Predominance.B.Local characteristics and customs.C.Individual identity.D.Potential dividing forces.(3).What is Nicks opinions about teaching?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks that teaching
8、doesnt help the artistic side.B.He believes that teaching keeps him energetic.C.Teaching shouldnt be totally isolated from politics.D.Teaching frustrates him so many times.(4).What is Nicks philosophy of teaching?（分数：1.00）A.The students must be the followers of their teacher.B.He should work hard to
9、 make students believe in their own abilities.C.Pleasing students is the most necessary factor.D.Teacher should have a decisive effect on the personalities of students.(5).Which one is Nicks idea about the leader?（分数：1.00）A.Everyone has the access to leadership.B.Leaders create the worst work situat
10、ion.C.Books can help to improve people ability and make someone a leader.D.The real leaders are born.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：6.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question.（分数：2.00）(1).Ques
11、tion 6 is based on the following news.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news, who claimed responsibility for the rocket attack?（分数：1.00）A.A 36-year-old Israeli man.B.Palestinian militants.C.Israels offensive.D.Hamas(2).50 Palestinians or
12、 so have been killed in the raids which began _ ago.（分数：1.00）A.12 weeksB.12 daysC.2 weeksD.2 daysQuestions 9 and 10 are bused on the following news.（分数：2.00）(1).Who gathered in a Rome square Saturday for the Family Day rally?（分数：1.00）A.Married couples.B.Demonstrators.C.Children.D.Family associations
13、.(2).According to the news,. Italy would be more _ if it gave rights to unmarried and gay couples,（分数：1.00）A.openB.developedC.democraticD.civilized四、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the pass
14、ages carefully.BTEXT A/BResearchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to p
15、erson. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.“That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the
16、finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to t
17、he researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the s
18、ubjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade star
19、ting at adulthood.“There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs no mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, c
20、ontribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the
21、cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each yea
22、r of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal
23、 fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy. for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits,
24、 such as smoking, that harm overall health.But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. “The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch is that we can.“ Accord
25、ing to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, will be whether education eve
26、n late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.（
27、分数：5.00）(1).According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.ageB.educationC.healthD.exercise(2).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B.The cerebrospinal fluid of a p
28、erson with 8 years of education may have increased 17.7 milliliters.C.The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.D.The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.(3).What does Coffey mean, by saying “Education can be a proxy for many things“?（分数：1.00）A.
29、Education decides the capacity of brain.B.Education is not the only elements that affect brain shrinkage.C.A lot of elements that affect health (including brain shrinkage) can be said to be education.D.More education always means less bad habits.(4).According to Coffeys research, the brain may benef
30、it from _.（分数：1.00）A.runningB.playing chessC.swimmingD.playing football(5).From this passage, we can conclude that _.（分数：1.00）A.education is beneficial to mental developmentB.education protects the brain from shrinkingC.education has a protective effect against mental declineD.education affects over
31、all brain structures1.BTEXT B/BChildren in the UK are not reading enough at home, favouring television and computer games instead, according to new research.The survey conducted earlier this month by Nestl Box Tops for Books, which asked parents about their childrens reading habits, found that half
32、of UK children spend less than two hours reading per week. A further one in 10 had not read a book in the past month, and of those who do read regularly, one in four avoid non- fiction titles. More than half of the parents surveyed believed their children should read more non-fiction books.“It is es
33、sential that young children read at least one book a week and, in particular, educational books,“ said family counsellor Jenni Trent Hughes.But others believe such a stern approach to reading may not help children. “We can turn children off it by simply saying its something they must be doing,“ said
34、 Amelia Foster, who runs Reading Connects for the National Literacy Trust, an organisation that encourages reading for pleasure to enhance classroom achievement.Ms Foster said the survey results might not give children enough credit. Previous studies have found that 75% of 11 to 18-year-olds enjoyed
35、 reading, and 83% read in their spare time.Past reading surveys have found distinct differences in the reading habits of boys and girls. Girls tend to be more enthusiastic about reading in general, but particularly fiction (perhaps helping to explain why Jacqueline Wilson, author of Sleepovers and B
36、ad Girls, is the most borrowed author from public libraries), while boys are drawn to books about a place, subject, or hobby that interests them.Nicola Davies, author of Poo: A Natural History of the Unmentionable, said while working with underachieving boys she found they responded to non-fiction b
37、etter than fiction. “You can get them to write poetry but they wont read it,“ she said.Ms Davies would like to see childrens non-fiction take off in the way adult non-fiction has in recent years, thanks largely to titles like Longitude that employ strong narratives. This may encourage boys to read m
38、ore, she said.“Theres a lot of really crap non-fiction out there. Its absolute paint by numbers, pile them high, and sell them cheap. But its not really addressing the issue. Non-fiction as it is cutting off a whole route into reading, especially for boys,“ added Ms Davies.But the consequences of th
39、ese trends may run deeper. Some worry that steering clear of non-fiction may effect the development of a childs imagination, even going so far as to impact their future career choices.Nicola Jones credits her choice of studying zoology at university to her childhood Encyclopedia Britannica. “There w
40、as this fantastic bit in the back on transparencies of human bodies, and it absolutely fired my imagination about the workings of the human body. Childrens imagination needs all sorts of fuel. And thats whats going to drive them, give them intrinsic motivation. Its what makes your intellectual cars
41、go.“ For this reason Ms Jones is planning a conference next year that will address how non-fiction can be transformed into something more children will want to read._BTEXT B/BChildren in the UK are not reading enough at home, favouring television and computer games instead, according to new research
42、.The survey conducted earlier this month by Nestl Box Tops for Books, which asked parents about their childrens reading habits, found that half of UK children spend less than two hours reading per week. A further one in 10 had not read a book in the past month, and of those who do read regularly, on
43、e in four avoid non- fiction titles. More than half of the parents surveyed believed their children should read more non-fiction books.“It is essential that young children read at least one book a week and, in particular, educational books,“ said family counsellor Jenni Trent Hughes.But others belie
44、ve such a stern approach to reading may not help children. “We can turn children off it by simply saying its something they must be doing,“ said Amelia Foster, who runs Reading Connects for the National Literacy Trust, an organisation that encourages reading for pleasure to enhance classroom achieve
45、ment.Ms Foster said the survey results might not give children enough credit. Previous studies have found that 75% of 11 to 18-year-olds enjoyed reading, and 83% read in their spare time.Past reading surveys have found distinct differences in the reading habits of boys and girls. Girls tend to be mo
46、re enthusiastic about reading in general, but particularly fiction (perhaps helping to explain why Jacqueline Wilson, author of Sleepovers and Bad Girls, is the most borrowed author from public libraries), while boys are drawn to books about a place, subject, or hobby that interests them.Nicola Davi
47、es, author of Poo: A Natural History of the Unmentionable, said while working with underachieving boys she found they responded to non-fiction better than fiction. “You can get them to write poetry but they wont read it,“ she said.Ms Davies would like to see childrens non-fiction take off in the way
48、 adult non-fiction has in recent years, thanks largely to titles like Longitude that employ strong narratives. This may encourage boys to read more, she said.“Theres a lot of really crap non-fiction out there. Its absolute paint by numbers, pile them high, and sell them cheap. But its not really addressing the issue. Non-fiction as it is cutting off a whole route into reading, esp
