1、专业八级-328 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you win need them to complete a gap-filling ta
2、sk after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatica
3、lly and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task.Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Segregation in EducationUntil the 1950s, the equal U(1) /U provided by the 14th Americans of different origins. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that “segregation by race did no
4、t necessarily imply racial U(2) /U thus resulting the continuation of segregated schooling.I. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled:States had to provide equal educational opportunities to all students and viewed segregated schooling as “U (3) /U unequal“II. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the United
5、States started to eliminate segregated schools.1) Desegregation processes instituted through U(4) /U busing.2) Many white parents choosing to flee the inner city or enrolled their children inU (5) /Uschools.3) Some African -Americans leaving their U(6) /UIII. In recent years, U(7) /U plans have been
6、 made to deal with the situation.1) Many plans focused on U(8) /U improvement and teacher training.2) Parents gain the right to choose their childrens school, public or private. (the “ U(9) /U schools“ to draw white students back into inner city schools)Generally, the school does seem to be the most
7、 appropriate place to ensure that all people have equal opportunity in the country. So far, it has been the most appropriate place to begin the process ofU (10) /UThe best method for realizing this goal, however, remains unclear.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
8、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview At the end of the interview you
9、will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Nikes first impression of Hong Kong was _.（分数：1.00）A.the amazing harbourB.the fantastic foodC.the heatD.the tall buildings(2).Which is NOT TURE about the best things in Hong Kong accordin
10、g to Nike?（分数：1.00）A.Wonderful food.B.Interesting people.C.Dumplings.D.Riding bicycles.(3).Nikes worst experience in Hong Kong was _.（分数：1.00）A.bitten by mosquitoes at nightB.hit by a bicycleC.having to get up earlyD.having to ferry in the morning(4).What impressed him most about the people in Hong
11、Kong, according to Nike?（分数：1.00）A.They are hardworking.B.They show strong respect for others.C.They have strong idea about losing face.D.They respect themselves more than others.(5).What did he do when Nike was in Hong Kong?（分数：1.00）A.An actor.B.Made a living in advertising.C.A shampoo salesman.D.A
12、 producer.BSECTION C/BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 secon
13、ds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：5.00）(1).When did Pakistan president offer the truce?（分数：1.00）A.On Wednesday.B.On Thursday.C.On Friday.D.On Tuesday.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true about Indian prime ministers criticism of_. Pakistan?（分数：1.00）A.Pakistan is invo
14、lving in terrorist activities.B.Pakistan supports terrorism.C.Pakistan wants to legitimize its terror attacks.D.Pakistanis never keep their promises.(3).Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to
15、 the news. What resulted in the increase of fuel price by more than 50%?（分数：1.00）A.That the government needed money for health care and education.B.That the government increased the oil prices.C.That the government cut its subsidies on fuel prices.D.That the oil workers were on strike.(4).Why does N
16、igeria face chronic fuel shortages?（分数：1.00）A.Because the government sells most of the oil abroad.B.Because the country faces chronic difficulties in its oil production.C.Because the oil price is too low.D.Because the oil price is increasing.(5).Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end
17、 of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. According to the news, these militants_.（分数：1.00）A.suffered severe casualtiesB.were on the recently issued list of terroristsC.fought with Saudi police forcesD.were thought to be hiding in al-Rawdah distr
18、ict三、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.BTEXT A/BMany Americans-perhaps most of them-arent ready for President Bushs “ownership society“. T
19、he idea sounds good. Employees could shift a portion of what they pay into Social Security and put it into individual accounts that might gain higher returns in, say, the stock market.They could also reduce their tax bill by starting Health Savings Accounts, Retirement Savings Accounts, and Lifetime
20、 Savings Accounts.These options reflect a certain conservative logic. Rather than having the government or your company decide how much retirement money or healthcare you get, you can decide for yourself.“If you own something, you have a vital stake in the future of our country,“ Mr. Bush explains.“
21、The more ownership there is in America, the more vitality there is in America.“The flaw in this logic is Americans lack of financial sophistication. For example: Less than one-quarter of working-age people characterize themselves as “knowledgeable investors,“ according to surveys by John Hancock Fin
22、ancial Services. Even this minority shows “considerable confusion“. For example: Many surveyed thought money-market funds included stocks and bonds.That doesnt mean Americans are stupid. They just have better things to do. “Many people dont have the time, inclination, or expertise necessary to take
23、full responsibility for their own well-being in areas that are so complex as assuring they have sufficient income for retirement or choosing a health plan appropriate for their circumstances“, says Robert Reischauer, president of the Urban Institute, a Washington think tank.Moreover, many Americans
24、would have trouble reading the documents involved in such decisions. Some 44 million adults at the lowest of five levels of literacy were unable to decipher simple texts and documents, according to a decade-old survey by the Department of Education. Even the larger number of people at the next level
25、 of literacy would find financial reports and documents difficult.Because it goes to the heart of the liberal-conservative divide over the role of government, the ownership society sparks political controversy.“Boneheaded, wacky, breathtakingly threatening,“ writes Greg Palast for AlterNet, a libera
26、l website set up by the Independent Media Institute. Its “lopping off a chunk of Social Security insurance revenue for gambling in the stock market.“On the conservative side: The ownership society “tends to encourage self-esteem and healthy habits of behavior, such as acting more for the long term,
27、or taking education more seriously,“ argues David Boaz of the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank in Washington.But judgment doesnt need to rely on rhetoric. The United States already has experimented with transferring the major responsibility for retirement savings from employers to employees.
28、 Its the 401(k) plan, which got going in the 1980s.Workers are “overwhelmed“ by them, argues Boston Colleges Alicia Munnell, who with Annika Sunde wrote a new book, “Coming Up Short,“ on these popular retirement plans. For example:Only 25 percent of eligible workers join the plan. (The Bush private
29、accounts will be voluntary for younger workers.)Ninety percent of those participating contribute less than the maximum.Almost 60 percent of participants have undiversified portfolios, with almost all their money in stocks, or in bonds and other fixed-income investments. About 20 percent of 401 (k) a
30、ssets are invested in the stock of the company employing the workers-risky indeed, as Enron employees found out.Hardly any participants take time to rebalance their portfolios as they age or the market changes. About 55 percent of them cash out their accumulated funds when they leave a job, instead
31、of saving the money for retirement.The result is that those currently approaching retirement (aged 55 to 64) have, on average, about $50,000 in their 401(k) plans. Thats only enough to generate $300 a month-little to top up the $900 average Social Security payment.（分数：5.00）(1).In the last 9th and 8t
32、h paragraph, it seems that “liberal and libertarian“ thinkings of the issue_.（分数：1.00）A.are the sameB.are contradictory to each otherC.both belong to the conservative sideD.tend to encourage self-esteem(2).In the 7th paragraph, “many people dont have the time, inclination, or expertise necessary to
33、take full responsibility for their own well-being in areas that are so complex as assuring they have sufficient income for retirement or choosing a health plan appropriate for their circumstances.“ From this sentence we can learn all of the following EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.many people are not know
34、ledgeable investorsB.its vitally important for people to have sufficient income for retirementC.Bushs “ownership society“ appeal is not practical for many ordinary AmericansD.retirement benefits have nothing to do with healthcare on this issue(3).Bushs logic behind his idea of “ownership society“ in
35、cludes all of the following elements EXCEPT that_.（分数：1.00）A.individual accounts might gain higher returnsB.rather than having the government or your company decide how much retirement money or healthcare you get, you can decide for yourselfC.the more ownership there is in America, the more security
36、 there is in AmericaD.the ownership society “tends to encourage self-esteem and healthy habits of behavior, such as acting more for the long term, or taking education more seriously“(4).In the actual execution of the “ownership society“ plan _.（分数：1.00）A.people showed great zealB.people showed great
37、 expertise in handling their accountsC.most people diversified their portfoliosD.this plan could hardly cover the Social Security payment of those currently approaching retirement (aged 55 to 64)(5).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.A large portion of work
38、ing-age people characterize themselves as “knowledgeable investors.B.About a quarter of Americans find it difficult to read financial reports and documents.C.There is political disagreement about the “ownership society“.D.The author seems to feel optimistic about this plan.1.BTEXT B/BWhos to blame f
39、or the approximately $2 a gallon most Americans paid for gasoline on their Thanksgiving Day travels?To quote Pogo, the key character in that old comic strip, “We have met the enemy and he is us.“Over the past 24 years, United States foreign policy has discouraged several oil-exporting nations from a
40、dding to their capacity to produce more oil, says A.F. Alhajji, an economist at Ohio Northern University in Ada. The result has been a decline in the excess capacity of OPEC as a group. This means there is less ability for oil producers to counter upward price pressures from the growing demand for p
41、etroleum from China and India, or from short-term problems, such as the bombing of pipelines in Iraq, hurricane damage to wells in the Gulf of Mexico, and political turmoil in Nigeria or other oil-exporting nations.For various foreign-policy reasons, the US has imposed sanctions on Iran, Iraq, Sudan
42、, Libya, and Burma (Myanmar). This step has prompted American and sometimes foreign oil companies to pull out of or stay away from these nations. Without foreign investment, the countries could not boost oil output Capacity as much-a situation that still has a lingering effect on production.Although
43、 proclaiming its neutrality in the 1980-88 war between Iran and Iraq, the US at times helped both sides militarily. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and some other Arab Middle East nations assisted Iraq financially during the war. As a result, they had less money to develop their oil fields. Saudi Arabia and K
44、uwait produce less oil today than they did in the 1970s. Irans oil development stalled. The war “drained the financial resources of the whole area“, Mr. Alhajji says.Iran, which prior to its 1979 revolution produced 6 million barrels a day, pumps oil today at a rate of only 3.9 million b.p.d.The lat
45、est damage to world capacity, perhaps temporary, resulted from the US invasion of Iraq. Iraq pumped 3.8 million b.p.d in 1979 before its war with Iran and 3 million b.p.d before the US moved into Baghdad last year. Nowadays, it produces between 2 million and 2.5 million b.p.d.Alhajji, a Syrian-Ameri
46、can, maintains this decline in excess world oil production capacity has resulted in a rise in prices from around $10 a barrel in 1999 to $35 in 2000 to between $49 and $55 today.The higher prices could last. History indicates it takes at least three years for a nations oil output to recover fully fr
47、om a war or other severe disturbances, Alhajji says. He points to the wars in Iraq, Iran, and Kuwait over the past two decades, as well as the difficulty Russia faced in its transition to a market-based economy after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Because of the present situation in Iraq, Alhajji
48、doubts that country can reach 5 million b.p.d by 2010, as some interim Iraqi leaders have claimed. The failure to boost Iraq oil production quickly means the US will face additional costs of reconstruction in Iraq.One of the Bush administrations best postwar decisions, Alhajji says, was to invest $2.3 billion to rehabilitate the Iraqi oil sector and employ an overwhelming force of soldiers and private contractors to protect the oil facilities. That protection combined with higher oil prices has given Iraq a large windfall in reve
