1、专业八级-326 (1)及答案解析(总分：99.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a
2、 gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically translated 1874) and Around the World in 80 Days
3、 (1873; translated 1874).D.Bright, entertaining adventure stories that celebrated the possibilities of technology.(4).According to the passage, how does the author think about Jules Verne?（分数：1.00）A.A stranger.B.A scientist whose job was to discover the future and cast new technology in a darker lig
4、ht.C.From the start, the father of science fiction was gravely concerned with the dangers of technology.D.He was either a scientist or an engineer.(5).Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of Vernes novels?（分数：1.00）A.Singing high praise of science.B.A fine art in description of sc
5、ience.C.Having an optimistic tone.D.Well grounded in facts.1.BTEXT B/BKidnappings around the world have typically had one of two major goals: publicity for a local political cause or as a form of “fund-raising“ for the kidnappers. Recently, kidnappings for political reasons have been on the decrease
6、, whereas kidnapping for profit has seen a dramatic increase.A prime example of this trend is in Colombia. Colombia is considered to be the kidnapping capital of the world, with rival guerrilla and paramilitary groups consistently abducting civilians including businessmen, tourists and aid workers.
7、The ransom money obtained from these activities is used primarily to finance a 37-year civil war in Colombia. The U.S. State Department estimates that more than 3,000 people are kidnapped in Colombia each year. Most kidnap victims are Colombians who are either wealthy or who can at least come up wit
8、h a few thousand dollars. Although the kidnappings are most often performed by political dissidents, the motivation for the kidnappings is usually money, not politics.Colombia is not the only country to be plagued with this increase in kidnappings for profit. Ransom kidnappings are becoming more com
9、mon in Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Chechnya, the Philippines, Haiti, and many other developing countries throughout the world. Although many kidnappings are politically motivated, a growing number are simply fund-raising exercises by guerrillas or common criminals. For example, when a new rebel
10、 group, the Popular Revolutionary Army, surfaced in Mexico in 1996, experts concluded that the group financed itself through kidnappings carried out over the previous two years.One of the causes of the worldwide increase in kidnappings for profit is that billions of dollars in foreign investment has
11、 only marginally assisted the poor throughout the Third World. This has created a growing resentment of the elites who have hoarded much of the wealth. Therefore, often kidnappings for profit throughout the Third World are a backlash by the poor against the elites, in an attempt to even the score by
12、 obtaining some of their money.Moreover, there is an increasing risk of kidnapping for tourists and expatriate executives throughout the world. This is particularly so for Americans, who are perceived as rich even when they are not. Their substantial numbers-3.2 million living overseas and 50 millio
13、n traveling internationally each year-have left Americans more at risk than citizens of other countries. In many countries, the kidnapping of business people, especially American executives and mid-level managers, as well as tourists has become a thriving business. For example, during the last sever
14、al years, the FARC and ELN, two Colombian terrorist groups, have extorted more than $632 million from foreign companies and individuals.In fact, the problem of kidnapping has become so bad internationally that several insurance and security companies are offering either international kidnapping insu
15、rance or, at least, detailed instructions on how to avoid a kidnapping. This too has become a thriving business. According .to Fielding Worldwide, Inc., a typical KRE (Kidnap, Ransom and Extortion) insurance policy has a $1 million limit. An annual policy would cost between US$7,000 in Brazil or up
16、to a maximum of US$26,000 in Colombia-this is an incredible cost. Corporations usually buy blanket policies that cover all employees, but often business is intertwined with extended family from grandparents down to grandchildren. Therefore, often the entire family must be included in the policy to e
17、nsure maximum coverage.Since kidnappers are aware of these KRE policies, the insurance policies have inadvertently created a way for them to make even more money than if they were to kidnap a typical man off the street. So, is it necessary to obtain one of these policies? Seitlin and newer technolog
18、ies, such as “gene chips“, should produce even more data to be stored and annotated for subsequent study.The result is a mind-boggling amount of information. A genetics laboratory can easily produce 100 gigabytes of data a day-that is about 20,000 times the volume of data in the complete works of Sh
19、akespeare or J. S. Bach. The analysis of such data poses problems beyond mere volume control. Computer programs must analyze what constitutes a biologically meaningful relationship between a newly discovered sequence of DNA and existing sequences stored in a central database. Programming a computer
20、for such tasks requires both extensive knowledge of computing theory and a keen biological intuition.And theres the rub. The real problem about the growing quantification of biology is not the change in the subject but the lack of change in its practitioners. For a sudden in pouring of data is not u
21、nique to biology .Astronomers must now deal with squillions of bits of data from automatic sky surveys; particle physicists would not have the first idea of what was going on in their machines if the results of their experiments were not processed automatically. Yet neither of these fields seems to
22、be suffering unduly from information overload because the physical sciences are founded on number crunching. Many biologists, however, avoided the fields of astronomy or particle physics because they have, in the delicately chosen words of Sylvia Spengler of the Center for Bioinformatics and Computa
23、tional Genomics in California, “some problem with mathematics.“ The result is that there is a desperate shortage of specialists capable of developing the tools that biologists need. What is required is genuinely new kind of scientist who is trained both in computer science and biology. It used to be
24、 said that the physicists got all the research money. Now, however, it is the biologists budgets that are growing. But there is a price. As biology becomes numerically rigorous, its practitioners have no choice but to do the same._BTEXT D/BOnly recently has biology begun to see itself as an informat
25、ion technology. An organisms physiology and behavior are dictated largely by its genes. And those genes contain information written in code that is surprisingly similar to the digital code that computer scientists have devised for the storage and transmission of other information.There are some diff
26、erences, of Course. The genetic code has four elements (known as bases or letters), while a computers binary code has only two. And the bases of genetic code are grouped together in threes rather than in the eight-bit bytes of computing. But the similarities are so striking that biology is suddenly
27、undergoing a serious amount of computerization. At the same time, there has been rapid progress in the machines that supply the raw material for the computer - the sequences of genetic bases to be analyzed. A single gene-sequencing machine can now read hundreds of thousands of bases per day; and new
28、er technologies, such as “gene chips“, should produce even more data to be stored and annotated for subsequent study.The result is a mind-boggling amount of information. A genetics laboratory can easily produce 100 gigabytes of data a day-that is about 20,000 times the volume of data in the complete
29、 works of Shakespeare or J. S. Bach. The analysis of such data poses problems beyond mere volume control. Computer programs must analyze what constitutes a biologically meaningful relationship between a newly discovered sequence of DNA and existing sequences stored in a central database. Programming
30、 a computer for such tasks requires both extensive knowledge of computing theory and a keen biological intuition.And theres the rub. The real problem about the growing quantification of biology is not the change in the subject but the lack of change in its practitioners. For a sudden in pouring of d
31、ata is not unique to biology .Astronomers must now deal with squillions of bits of data from automatic sky surveys; particle physicists would not have the first idea of what was going on in their machines if the results of their experiments were not processed automatically. Yet neither of these fiel
32、ds seems to be suffering unduly from information overload because the physical sciences are founded on number crunching. Many biologists, however, avoided the fields of astronomy or particle physics because they have, in the delicately chosen words of Sylvia Spengler of the Center for Bioinformatics
33、 and Computational Genomics in California, “some problem with mathematics.“ The result is that there is a desperate shortage of specialists capable of developing the tools that biologists need. What is required is genuinely new kind of scientist who is trained both in computer science and biology. I
34、t used to be said that the physicists got all the research money. Now, however, it is the biologists budgets that are growing. But there is a price. As biology becomes numerically rigorous, its practitioners have no choice but to do the same.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, what is the central
35、problem facing biological researchers today?（分数：1.00）A.A shortage of research funds.B.A reluctance to acquire advanced mathematical skills.C.An insufficient knowledge of computer languages.D.An unwillingness to work cooperatively with mathematicians.(2).According to the passage, which of the followi
36、ng is a similarity between genetic code and computer code?（分数：1.00）A.The number of elements used.B.The way the bases and bytes are grouped.C.The infinite number of possible sequences that can be produced.D.The way in which the codes are“ Written.(3).In Line 5 (Para. 2) “raw .material“ refers to _.（分
37、数：1.00）A.unanalyzed dataB.computer codeC.mathematical equationsD.new hypotheses(4).What will “gene chips“ (Line 7, para. 2) do?（分数：1.00）A.Allow continual database searches.B.Speed up the sequencing of genetic code.C.Organize he presentation of genetic information.D.Reduce the amount of data to be pr
38、ocessed.(5).The vast amount of data generated by genetics labs are a problem because researchers _.（分数：1.00）A.lack adequate funding for new equipmentB.have no theoretical basis for dealing with this new informationC.are reluctant to acknowledge the importance of the new dataD.have not changed the wa
39、y they work五、BPART GENERAL (总题数：10，分数：10.00)4.In the idiom “in good feather“, we change “good“ into “high, full“ without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _.（分数：1.00）A.additionB.replacementC.position-shiftingD.variation5.The famous spy story books about the hero James Bond(007
40、) are written by _.（分数：1.00）A.Agatha ChristieB.Dorothy SayersC.Ian FlemingD.Conan Doyle6.The most obvious and rapid change in the development of a language takes place in the area of（分数：1.00）A.pronunciationB.vocabularyC.grammarD.speech7._ describes in detail a communist society.（分数：1.00）A.Robin Hood
41、B.Vanity FairC.UtopiaD.The Waste Land8.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?“ is an epigrammatic line by _.（分数：1.00）A. KeatsB. BlakeC. ShelleyD. Wordsworth9.Close by Westminster Abbey on the riverside stands the Palace of Westminster, generally known as the _.（分数：1.00）A.House of ParliamentB.Na
42、tional GalleryC.British MuseumD.Castle10.The word “aconic“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.onomatopoeically motivatedB.morphologically motivatedC.semantically motivatedD.etymologically motivated11.The official residence of the _ is at number 10 Downing Street, London.（分数：1.00）A.British Prime MinisterB.British Princ
43、eC.British QueenD.British Duke12.The U.S. is known as a great “melting pot“ because _.（分数：1.00）A.the weather in most part of land is hotB.the land has several famous volcanoesC.its people are of different nationalities from all over the worldD.its people are very friendly13.The Chamberlains Men, in
44、Shakespeares time, were a remarkable group of people-excellent _ who were also business partners and close personal friends.（分数：1.00）A.actorsB.studentsC.teachersD.writers六、BPART PROOFREA(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated lie contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case,
45、 only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.“For a Uwrong/U word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a Umissing/U word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “sign and write
46、 the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an Uunnecessary/U word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/“ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.A new study uses advanced brain-scanning technology to cast light onto a topic that (
47、1) _psychologists have puzzled over more than half a century: social conformity. The study (2) _was based on a famous series of laboratory experiment from the 1950s by a social (3) _psychologist, Dr. Solomon Asch. In those early studies, the subjects were shown twocards. On the first was a vertical
48、line. On the second were three lines, one of them thesame length with that on the first card. Then the subjects were asked to say which two (4) _lines were like, something that most 5-year-olds could answer correctly. But Dr. Asch (5) _added a twist. Seven other people, in cahoots with the researche
49、rs, also examined the linesand gave their answers before the subjects did. And Sometimes these confederates unconsciously (6) _gave the right answer. Dr. Asch was astonished at what happened next. After thinking hard, (7) _three out of four subjects agreed with the incorrect answers given by the confederates at least (8) _
