1、专业八级-325 (1)及答案解析(总分：99.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a
2、 gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically 2) Wetlands act like sponges and U(4) /U like ou
3、r kidney: (4) _A. filtering out hazardous materials like dirt, chemicals,pesticides and fertilizers;B. serving as large U(5) /U areas. (5) _3) More important than ocean U(6) /U in the diversity of species supported. (6) _. The possible measures to protect wetlands:1) Convince people to stop U(7) /U
4、or doing business in former wetlands; (7) _2) Encourage developers and businesses to stay in U(8) /U cities; (8) _3) Get the government to stop developers from building in wetlands;4) Raise U(9) /U of this serious issue; (9) _5) Protest the destruction of wetlands when we see it. The only solution:A
5、n increase in U(10) /U in favor of protecting wetlands, (10) _which both the builders and the government will listen.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In section B, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen care
6、fully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.（分数：5.00）(1).What strikes the woman most about
7、 the male robber is his _.（分数：1.00）A.clothesB.ageC.physiqueD.appearance(2).The most detailed information about the woman robber is her _.（分数：1.00）A.mannersB.talkativenessC.heightD.jewelry(3).The interviewee is believed to be a bank _.（分数：1.00）A.receptionistB.managerC.customerD.cashier(4).Which of th
8、e following about the two robbers is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Both were wearing dark sweaters.B.Neither was wearing glasses.C.Both were about the same age.D.One of them was marked by a scar.(5).After the incident the interviewee sounded _.（分数：1.00）A.calm and quietB.nervous and numbC.timid and confusedD.s
9、hocked and angry三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：4.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news
10、 item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following is not the reason for the English couples divorce?（分数：1.00）A.Mrs. Turner moved the furniture for 38 years.B.Mr. Turner could not bear her.C.Mr. Turner had committed adultery since January.D.Mrs. Turner re
11、fused to stop the moving of furniture.(2).Why did the couple moved from the matrimonial home into a caravan with some of the furniture fixed to the floor?（分数：1.00）A.They hoped it could cure Mrs. Turners illness.B.They were tired of old environment.C.They hoped the obsession would stop.D.They wanted
12、to lead a new life.Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.（分数：2.01）(1).Haier Group bid for Maytag is _.（分数：0.67）A.$1.75 billionB.$18.5 billionC.$16.4 billionD.$1.3 billion(2).Which statement is not true acc
13、ording to the news?（分数：0.67）A.This is the biggest takeover battle for China.B.Chinas bid will probably trigger a costly biding competition over the company Unocal.C.The US is planning forbidding Chinese companys bids for US company.D.Unocal has agreed to be sold to another American oil company._四、BP
14、ART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully.BTEXT A/BCommunity courts and community justice prevailed in England at the time of the Norman Conquest (1066). The legal system was rit
15、ualistic, dependent upon oaths at most stages of litigation, and permeated by both religious and superstitious notions. The proceedings were oral, very personal, and highly confrontative. Juries were unknown. One party publicly “appealed,“ or accused, the other before the community meeting at which
16、the presence of both was obligatory. To be absent meant risking fines and outlawry. After the preliminary statements of the parties, the court rendered judgment, not on the merits of the issue nor the question of guilt or innocence, but on the manner by which it should be resolved. Judgment in other
17、 words preceded trial because it was a decision on what form the trial should take. It might be by compurgation, by ordeal, or, after the Norman Conquest, by battle. Excepting trial by battle, only one party was tried or, more accurately, was put to his “proof.“ Proof being regarded as an advantage,
18、 it was usually awarded to the accused party; in effect he had the privilege of proving his own case.(2) Trial by compurgation consisted of a sworn statement to the truth of ones claim or denial, supported by the oaths of a certain number of fellow swearers. Presumably they, no more than the claiman
19、t, would endanger their immortal souls by the sacrilege of false swearing. Originally the oath-helpers swore from their own knowledge to the truth of the partys claim. Later they became little more than character witnesses, swearing only to their belief that his oath was trustworthy. If he rounded u
20、p the requisite number of compurgators and the cumbrous swearing in very exact form proceeded without a mistake, he won his case. A mistake “burst“ the oath, proving guilt.(3) Ordeals were usually reserved for more serious crimes, for persons of bad reputation, for peasants, or for those caught with
21、 stolen goods. As an invocation of immediate divine judgment, ordeals were consecrated by the Church and shrouded with solemn religious mystery. The accused underwent a physical trial in which he called upon God to witness his innocence by putting a miraculous sign upon his body. Cold water, boiling
22、 water, and hot iron were the principal ordeals, all of which the clergy administered. In the ordeal of cold water, the accused was trussed up and cast into a pool to see whether he would sink or float. On the theory that water which had been sanctified by a priest would receive an innocent person b
23、ut reject the guilty, innocence was proved by sinking - and hopefully a quick retrieval - guilt by floating. In the other ordeals, one had to plunge his hand into a cauldron of boiling water or carry a red hot piece of iron for a certain distance, in the hope that three days later, when the bandages
24、 were removed, the priest would find a “clean“ wound, one that was healing free of infection How deeply one plunged his arm into the water, how heavy the iron or great the distance it was carried, depended mainly on the. gravity of the charge.(4) The Normans brought to England still another ordeal,
25、trial by battle, paradigm of the adversary system, which gave to the legal concept of “defense“ or “defendant“ a physical meaning. Trial by battle was a savage yet sacred method of proof which was also thought to involve divine intercession on behalf of the righteous. Rather than let a wrongdoer tri
26、umph, God would presumably strengthen the arms of the party who had sworn truly to the justice of his cause. Right, not might, would therefore conquer. Trial by battle was originally available for the settlement of all disputes but eventually was restricted to cases of serious crime.(5) Whether one
27、proved his case by compurgation, ordeal, or battle, the method was accusatory in character. There was always a definite and known accuser, some private person who brought formal suit and openly confronted his antagonist. There was never any secrecy in the proceedings, which were the same for crimina
28、l as for civil litigation. The judges, who had no role whatever in the making of the verdict, decided only which party should be put to proof and what its form should be; thereafter the judges merely enforced an observance of the rules. The oaths that saturated the proceedings called upon God to wit
29、ness to the truth of the respective claims of the parties, or the justice of their cause, or the reliability of their word. No one gave testimonial evidence nor was anyone questioned to test his veracity.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, being put to the proof (paragraph 1), most nearly means t
30、he person was _.（分数：1.00）A.considered innocent until proven guiltyB.considered guilty no matter what he didC.supposed to prove his own innocenceD.given the privilege of presenting his side first(2).In a trial by ordeal, innocence could be proven by _.（分数：1.00）A.displaying an uninfected woundB.floati
31、ng when cast into the waterC.wearing bandages for three daysD.swearing an oath in a precise form(3).The forms of trial discussed in the passage all assume that truth is best determined by _.（分数：1.00）A.carefully questioning witnessesB.carefully assessing physical evidenceC.an adversary proceeding, or
32、 battleD.relying on the assistance of God(4).According to the passage, an oath was declared “burst“ during compurgation if the _.（分数：1.00）A.swearer made an error in the exact form of the required ritualB.swearer could not round up the required number of oath-helpersC.swearer preferred trial by ordea
33、l, or by battleD.judges decided that the oath was false or unnecessary(5).According to the passage, how did trial by battle differ from trial by compurgation and ordeal in England?（分数：1.00）A.It had a definite, known accuser.B.It was only used after the Norman Conquest.C.It had no secrecy in the proc
34、eedings.D.It required judges to question witnesses.1.BTEXT B/BDiscussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of national culture. In general, excessive stress is placed on one factor or the other, depending on whether the
35、 commentator is North American or Puerto Rican. Many North American social scientists, such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider Puerto Ricans the most recent in a long line of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung on the social ladder. Such a “sociodemographic“ approa
36、ch tends to regard assimilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context. However, this approach fails to take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case, with this group, unlike their
37、 European predecessors, coming from a nation politically subordinated to the United States. Even the “radical“ critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mo
38、bility and are thus unable to illustrate the cultural subordination if Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.In contrast, the “colonialist“ approach of island-based writers such as Eduardo SedaBonilla, Manuel Maldonado-Denis, and Luis Nieves-Falcon tends to view assimilation as the forced loss of nat
39、ional culture in an unequal contest with imposed foreign values. There is, of course, a strong tradition of cultural accommodation among other Puerto Rican thinkers. The writings of Eugenio Fernandez Mendez clearly exemplify this tradition, and many supporters of Puerto Ricos commonwealth status sha
40、re the same universalizing orientation. But the Puerto Rican intellectuals who have written most about the assimilation process in the United States all advance cultural nationalist views, advocating the preservation of minority cultural distinctions and rejecting what they see as the subjugation of
41、 colonial nationalities.This cultural and political emphasis is appropriate, but the colonialist thinkers misdirect it, overlooking the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history. They pose the clash of national culture as an absolute polarity, with each culture understo
42、od as static and undifferentiated. Yet both the Puerto Rican and North American traditions have been subject to constant challenge from cultural forces within their own societies, forces that may move toward each other in ways that cannot be written off as mere “assimilation“. Consider, for example,
43、 the indigenous and AfroCaribbean traditions in Puerto Rican culture and how they influence and are influenced by other Caribbean cultures and Black cultures in the United States. The elements of coercion and inequality, so central to cultural contact according to the colonialist framework, play no
44、role in this kind of convergence of racially and ethnically different elements of the same social class._BTEXT B/BDiscussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of national culture. In general, excessive stress is placed
45、on one factor or the other, depending on whether the commentator is North American or Puerto Rican. Many North American social scientists, such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider Puerto Ricans the most recent in a long line of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung on
46、 the social ladder. Such a “sociodemographic“ approach tends to regard assimilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context. However, this approach fails to take into account the colonial nature of
47、the Puerto Rican case, with this group, unlike their European predecessors, coming from a nation politically subordinated to the United States. Even the “radical“ critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation t
48、oo mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illustrate the cultural subordination if Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.In contrast, the “colonialist“ approach of island-based writers such as Eduardo SedaBonilla, Manuel Maldonado-Denis, and Luis Nieves-Falcon tends to view assimilation as the forced lo
