1、专业八级-319 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.这世上有些东西，最好别看透，留几分神秘，留一点朦胧，留一丝悬念，可能会更有意思些。魔术，如果让观众看透了手法，知道了诀窍，这门艺术也就寿终正寝了；变脸，正因为迄今为止大伙都没有看透其技术真相，才能屡演屡新，大受欢迎，成为国粹。 交朋友，各有目的：或为友谊，志同道合；或为利益，互相利用；或为酒肉，吃喝玩乐都能好得如兄弟一般。但如果以鹰隼般犀利的眼神，看透每一个朋友的交友动机，你可能就成了孤家寡人，“人至察则无徒”。当然，也不能糊涂到朋友把你卖了，你还替他数钱。 （分数：12.50）_2.我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导
2、学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆，但这也暂且不提。这一类型的教育者的用心，毋庸置疑，当然是善意的。问题是，我们论“事”的时候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是实际的后果，而教育的后果何其严重!在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了“泪眼汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢? 教育者或许会说：这些学生如果进大学以前，就已经学好自治自律的话，我就不必要如此提之携之，喂之哺之；就是因为基础教育没教好，所以我办大学的人不得不教。虽然是亡羊补牢，总比不教好。 （分数：12.50）_3.金圣叹说过：“人生三十不仕，不当再仕，五十不娶，不当再娶。何则?用非其时也。”这一种说法，可代表中国人一般
3、的普通思想。中国人的事业观，最羡慕“少年得志”，最伤感“大器晚成”。为了这个原因，便是有所成就的人，到了五十以上，便有退休的意思。六十七十的人若还在事业上努力，就有抽身不得的慨叹了。照人生上寿不过八十而言，为私人作一番扛算，这种作风好像也有点道理。只是就事业的观点上说，就不对。因为越是有年纪的人，他的学识经验也就越丰富，大事业正需要这种人撑持。而且为人作事，也必须有个自信心。一老就觉得自己不行，那也透着我们生命力不强。扩而充之，整个民族如此，那是我们一种自馁精神，对民族兴衰大有关系。欧美人之成大事业总在晚年，恰与我们的观点相反。最近有两个老人的行为，值得借鉴，正可给我们打一针兴奋剂。 （分数：
4、12.50）_4.事业愈大则困难亦愈甚，抵抗困难的时期也随之俱长，有的尽我们的一生尚不能目见其成者，我们若能尽其中一段的工夫，替后人开辟一段道路，或长或短，即是贡献。有所成功以备后人参考，固是贡献；即因尝试而失败，使后人有所借镜，亦是贡献。所以能向前努力者，无论成败，都有贡献。最无丝毫贡献者是不干，怕失败而不干，或半途遇着困难即不愿干。 （分数：12.50）_5.太阳与大家有关，人们跟着太阳起床，随着太阳的沉没而沉睡，等待明天的太阳。大家喜欢太阳，等着看日出，日出的印象是举世绘画名作，“夕阳无限好”是千古名句。太阳赋予大自然色彩，太阳在人间创造了阴影。没有了阴影，也就看不清光明，有了阴影才认识
5、世界原来是立体的。总是生活在阴影里不健康，生活中没有阴影也不健康，太阳控制着人们的健康，生死存亡。 （分数：12.50）_6.任何语言，包括诗的语言在内，都应该力求用最经济的方式，表达最丰富的内容。到了有话非说不可的时候，说出的话才能动人。否则内容空虚，即便用了最伟大的字眼和词汇，也将无济于事，甚至越说得多，反而越糟糕。因此，我想奉劝爱说伟大的空话的朋友，还是多读，多想，少说一些，遇到要说话的时候，就去休息，不要浪费你自己和别人的时间和精神吧! （分数：12.50）_7.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经
6、验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。 （分数：12.50）_8.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工
7、业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正平和、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。 （分数：12.50）_专业八级-319 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.这世上有些东西，最好别看透，留几分神秘，留一点朦胧，留一丝悬念，可能会更有意思些。魔术，如果让观众看透了手法，知道了诀窍，这门艺术也就寿终正寝了；变脸，正因为迄今为止大伙都没有看透其技术真相，才能屡演屡新，大受欢迎，成为国粹。 交朋友，各有目的：或为友谊，志同道合；或
8、为利益，互相利用；或为酒肉，吃喝玩乐都能好得如兄弟一般。但如果以鹰隼般犀利的眼神，看透每一个朋友的交友动机，你可能就成了孤家寡人，“人至察则无徒”。当然，也不能糊涂到朋友把你卖了，你还替他数钱。 （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：If tricks and knacks had been seen through by the viewers, the art of magic would have come to its end. Also, if people had gained insight into the face-changing skills, Face-changi
9、ng Show would not be performed over and over again, not to mention its popularity among the public and being honored as the quintessence of Chinese culture. Different people have different purposes in making friends, some with those of the same ambitions and goals for the sake of friendship; some wi
10、th those of whom they can take advantage for the sake of benefit; while some with those they can play with for the sake of enjoyment. Despite those differences in purpose, their relationships all work out as well as brothers. However, if any of those had such an incisive eye to penetrate into his fr
11、iend“s intention, he might be isolated from the masses. Just as the old saying goes, “No company can bear one whose requirements are too critical.“ Of course, we shouldn“t be too ignorant to be kept in the dark after being deceived.2.我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆，但这也暂且不提。这一类型的教育者的用心，毋庸置疑
12、，当然是善意的。问题是，我们论“事”的时候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是实际的后果，而教育的后果何其严重!在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了“泪眼汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢? 教育者或许会说：这些学生如果进大学以前，就已经学好自治自律的话，我就不必要如此提之携之，喂之哺之；就是因为基础教育没教好，所以我办大学的人不得不教。虽然是亡羊补牢，总比不教好。 （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：Now I have always considered university presidents to be visionary policymakers who set the co
13、urse of academic research and education rather than mere nannies in charge of feeding steamed bread and porridge to infants. But let“s put this aside for the moment. There is no doubt, of course, that this type of educator has very good intentions. The problem is, when we pass judgment on something,
14、 what matters is not intentions but the actual consequences. And how serious the consequences of education are! Brought up in an educational system that pampers them like babies, what can you expect university students to do except “shed tears“ when faced with an actual hardship or problem?3.金圣叹说过：“
15、人生三十不仕，不当再仕，五十不娶，不当再娶。何则?用非其时也。”这一种说法，可代表中国人一般的普通思想。中国人的事业观，最羡慕“少年得志”，最伤感“大器晚成”。为了这个原因，便是有所成就的人，到了五十以上，便有退休的意思。六十七十的人若还在事业上努力，就有抽身不得的慨叹了。照人生上寿不过八十而言，为私人作一番扛算，这种作风好像也有点道理。只是就事业的观点上说，就不对。因为越是有年纪的人，他的学识经验也就越丰富，大事业正需要这种人撑持。而且为人作事，也必须有个自信心。一老就觉得自己不行，那也透着我们生命力不强。扩而充之，整个民族如此，那是我们一种自馁精神，对民族兴衰大有关系。欧美人之成大事业总在
16、晚年，恰与我们的观点相反。最近有两个老人的行为，值得借鉴，正可给我们打一针兴奋剂。 （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：If the maximum span of life is 80 for a human being, only taking into account the interests of one“s own, this idea might make some sense. However, it is not correct as far as career is concerned. The older a person becomes, the more exp
17、erienced he is in knowledge, and that is what we need for the success of a big career. What is more, this confidence is a must-have when dealing with various people and affairs in real life. Losing confidence as soon as one gets old indicates a lack of vitality. Moreover, this discouragement might d
18、etermine the fate of our nation if it has an impact on all of us. Europeans and Americans happen to think differently from us, according to them, great successes come late in life.4.事业愈大则困难亦愈甚，抵抗困难的时期也随之俱长，有的尽我们的一生尚不能目见其成者，我们若能尽其中一段的工夫，替后人开辟一段道路，或长或短，即是贡献。有所成功以备后人参考，固是贡献；即因尝试而失败，使后人有所借镜，亦是贡献。所以能向前努力
19、者，无论成败，都有贡献。最无丝毫贡献者是不干，怕失败而不干，或半途遇着困难即不愿干。 （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：The grander a career is, the more difficult it is, and the more time it may take us to fight against the hardships. Sometimes the success is even beyond reach during our lifetime. If we can make an effort to break a path for the future
20、generations, no matter it is long or short, it should be considered as an achievement. While the successes serve as a reference for our descendants, lessons can also be drawn from the failures, and that is why they both are contributions. Whatever the results, anyone who tries makes a contribution.
21、A person who makes the least contribution is the one who refuses to try, either for fear of failures or difficulties in the process.5.太阳与大家有关，人们跟着太阳起床，随着太阳的沉没而沉睡，等待明天的太阳。大家喜欢太阳，等着看日出，日出的印象是举世绘画名作，“夕阳无限好”是千古名句。太阳赋予大自然色彩，太阳在人间创造了阴影。没有了阴影，也就看不清光明，有了阴影才认识世界原来是立体的。总是生活在阴影里不健康，生活中没有阴影也不健康，太阳控制着人们的健康，生死存亡。
22、 （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：The sun is related to everyone, for example, we get up as the sun rises, fall asleep as it sets, and wait for tomorrow“s sun. We all enjoy the sun and look forward to the sunrise, Monet“s Impression Sunrise is a world-famous masterpiece, and the line in an ancient Chinese poem
23、to describe the boundless beauty of a sunset is remembered and recited for thousands of years. Various colors in nature stem from the sun, and the sun also creates shadows on earth. You cannot tell light unless you have seen shadows, which helps us recognize that the world is three-dimensional. It i
24、s not healthy to always live in shadows, but a life without shadows is not sound enough. It is the sun that controls the health, the life and the death of human beings.6.任何语言，包括诗的语言在内，都应该力求用最经济的方式，表达最丰富的内容。到了有话非说不可的时候，说出的话才能动人。否则内容空虚，即便用了最伟大的字眼和词汇，也将无济于事，甚至越说得多，反而越糟糕。因此，我想奉劝爱说伟大的空话的朋友，还是多读，多想，少说一些，遇
25、到要说话的时候，就去休息，不要浪费你自己和别人的时间和精神吧! （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：Any language, including the one used for poem, should strive to convey as much information as possible in the most economical way. The utterance is the most touching when you have no choice but to say it, otherwise emptiness arises with the bigges
26、t words, and the more you say, the worse it becomes. Therefore, I would like to advise those who prefer grand empty talks to read and think more, and say less. They had better take a rest while having an urge to speak, so as not to waste time and energy, both for their own and others“ sake.7.在人际关系问题
27、上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。 （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：We shouldn“t be too romantic in interpersonal relations.
28、 Human beings are very interesting. Usually, when they meet a person they will first notice his or her merits. It“s just like the dining experience in a restaurant. The starter or cold dish will leave you a good impression. You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. The more
29、 you eat, the calmer you will become. At the end of the dinner, all the shortcomings come out. Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking. This is because: firstly, you are hungry when you begin eating. When you are hungry, the bran tastes as
30、sweet as honey; however, when you are full, even the honey tastes insipid.8.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正平和、淡泊、
31、朴实，比西方人容易满足。 （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：Chinese people have never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times, whose behavior in both philosophy and arts takes up a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world, but not as an absolute dominan
32、t ruler. Therefore, our bitterness and depression are, by and large, less than those of westerners, because the degree of which is changing with the growing of our desire and ambition. People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their wants are far less either. Moreover, ancient Chinese always treat “not confined by material things, not driven by material things“ as the uppermost life philosophy.
