1、专业八级-316 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)B Group/B Specifically, “group“ is a collection of people who interact with each other over time to accomplish a common goal. The most predictable thing about groups is that they have a life cycle. The five stages of the life cyc
2、le are: Forming, Storming, Northing, Performing, and Adjourning. 1. The forming stage is aU (1) /Uand necessary part of the group development process. During this stage, you can expect to hear polite and casual exchanges ofU (2) /Ubetween and among members. 2. Then comes the storming stage. The grou
3、p now begins to discuss in earnest who is going to be responsible for what.U (3) /Uare. aired, polite conversation is abandoned, and individual personalities and communication styles emerge. The storm begins when group goals conflict with individualU (4) /U. Conflicts between group members and emoti
4、onal responses are to be expected. 3. The third stage is norming. During this middle stage, members express their opinions, begin to develop common or shared opinions and begin to work as a unit. They begin to realize individualU (5) /Uto the overall goal and begin accepting responsibility for the f
5、inal product. 4. In the following performing stage, members will be functioning like a well-oiled machine. Everything comes together. Suggestions, comments, ideas, and criticisms are provided with aU (6) /Utone, and members are assuming positive and comfortable roles with highU (7) /U. 5. Finally, t
6、he adjourning stage, As the life cycle of a group draws to anU (8) /U, members begin to engage in parting rituals. They pat each other on the back and make reassuring statements about the fineU (9) /Uthey have reached. The group then adjourns. All effective groups pass through this life cycle. As a
7、result, you produce an end product that isU (10) /Uto anything one individual member could have produced.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Fred has been involved in a lot of problems which are connected with his（分数：1.00）A
8、.company.B.his job.C.his business.D.his business trips.(2).He couldnt go up to Boston until very late due to（分数：1.00）A.the trouble with the plane engine.B.an accident on his way to the airport.C.a hijacking incident.D.the awful weather conditions.(3).The Pan Am pilot circled round for hours and then
9、 the plane was heading for Hartford. When we got to Hartford, he didnt let anyone leave the plane to（分数：1.00）A.transfer to another flight.B.make a phone call.C.complain to the service department.D.buy something at the airport.(4).Freds friend Para actually knows quite about Freds story because（分数：1.
10、00）A.other people have told him about it.B.he happened to be on the same plane.C.he watched the news on TV.D.he read Freds article in the New York Times.(5).This conversation probably took place（分数：1.00）A.in an office.B.in a public place.C.on the phone.D.in a car.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).Hur
11、ricane Lili（分数：1.00）A.threatened US shores.B.lashed the Louisiana or upper Texas coast.C.hit the Caribbean islands very close to Miami.D.erupted into a major force in the Gulf of Mexico.(2).Max Mayfield, a top forecaster mentioned in the news report, works（分数：1.00）A.in the National Hurricane Center.
12、B.as a CNN meteorologist.C.somewhere near the Gulf of Mexico.D.to predict the tropical storms.I Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).How old is Mark Sokolow who was
13、reported to be injured in an explosion in Jerusalem?（分数：1.00）A.43.B.81.C.27.D.30.(2).Why did Mark Sokolow consider himself a lot luckier during the attack on Sept. 11 ?（分数：1.00）A.Because he escaped without injury from the second tower of the World Trade Center.B.Because he was seriously injured duri
14、ng the Jerusalem explosion.C.Because his family was involved during the Jerusalem explosion.D.Because he found an 81-year-old man dead and 113 wounded.1.I Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the n
15、ews./IActress Winona Ryder was charged on Friday with four felony offenses but she was free（分数：1.00）A.on 20,000 bond.B.on 30,000 bond.C.on 40,000 bond.D.on 50,000 bond.四、BPART READING (总题数：6，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAny physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you c
16、an never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of
17、the theory. As philosopher of science, Karl Popper has emphasized a good theory is characterized by the fact that it makes a number of predictions that could in principle be disproved or falsified by observation. Each time new experiments are observed to agree with the predictions the theory survive
18、s, and our confidence in it is increased; but if ever a new observation is found to disagree, we have to abandon or modify the theory. At least that is what is supposed to happen, but you can always question the competence of the person who carried out the observation.In practice, what often happens
19、 is that a new theory is devised that is really an extension of the previous theory. For example, very accurate observations of the planet Mercury revealed a small difference between its motion and the predictions of Newtons theory of gravity. Einsteins general theory of relativity predicted a sligh
20、tly different motion from Newtons theory. The fact that Einsteins predictions matched what was seen, while Newtons did not, was one of the crucial confirmations of the new theory. However, we still use Newtons theory for all practical purposes because the difference between its predictions and those
21、 of general relativity is very small in the situations that we normally deal with. (Newtons theory also. has the great advantage that it is much simpler to work with than Einsteins ! )It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the p
22、roblem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If
23、 everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classic example again is the Newto
24、nian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and
25、 the planets in order to calculate their orbits:Today scientists describe the universe in terms of two basic partial theories-the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. Unfortunately, however, these two theo
26、ries are known to be inconsistent with each other-they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavours in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both-a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a theory, and we may still be long way from having one, but
27、 we do already know many of the properties that it must have.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, why cant any physical theory be permanently established?（分数：1.00）A.Such a theory is only suggested as a possible way of explaining an idea.B.The person proposing such a theory may be incompetent.C.Obs
28、ervations always disagree with predictions.D.Observations are always falsified by predictions.(2).Which of the following signified that a new theory was established?（分数：1.00）A.The general theory of relativity makes more accurate prediction of the motion of Mercury than the theory of gravity.B.It is
29、much simpler to work with the theory of gravity than with the general theory of relativity.C.The general theory of relativity evolved from the theory of gravity.D.The general theory of relativity is used for scientific research while the theory of gravity is used for all practical purposes.(3).Why m
30、ay partial theories be completely wrong?（分数：1.00）A.It doesnt work to investigate a problem.B.Everything is so intertwined that its hard to break a problem up into bits.C.The sum of the partial theories may disagree with the full solution to a problem.D.They have not been proved as scientific.(4).Acc
31、ording to the last paragraph, the author may suggest that_.（分数：1.00）A.either of the two partial theories may be correctB.the new theory has been established to replace the two partial theoriesC.the new theory may develop from either of the two partial theoriesD.the new theory may combine many of the
32、 properties of the two partial theoriesBTEXT B/BArt needs a super-rich elite in order to flourish, according to professor of English at London University, Lisa Jardine. Jardine, who completed a major study into Renaissance art in mid-1997, points to the era as one to emulate an age when millionaire
33、patrons were responsible for many of the worlds great artistic masterpieces.“Committees do not create good art,“ she says, referring to the current system of state-sponsored arts funding in Britain. “We need enlightened patrons; this is my passionate plea. If you believe that art is just something t
34、hat a society ought to have-something that a committee can decide to promote, or not, depending on the acceptability of the artist-then art will be dead in 100 years.“Professor Jardine is a committed socialist. But her new Study of the great Italian Renaissance families of the 15th and l6th centurie
35、s-the Medicis and other free-spending dynasties-has fired in her an almost missionary zeal for the rich as great arts only true promoters.It was the Renaissance, she points out, that kindled the desire to purchase the rare and beautiful. Merchants and bankers, such as Medicis, used their money to en
36、sure the creation of the finest artifacts.“These people were powerful. They had status, but they also had taste,“ says Jardine. “They were supremely cultivated or, if they were not, they knew they needed advice. Todays art lovers are benefiting from their patronage. For people who visit the great co
37、llections in the National Gallery in London, the Vatican museums in Rome and the Louvre in Paris, the Renaissance is one of the most evocative terms in the history of art. It conjures up images of Botticelli angels, a far-off era when some of the greatest artists the world has known were at the heig
38、ht of their powers. To Professor Jardine, however, this is not a long-lost golden age but a time with more similarities than differences to contemporary Europe. “We are the Renaissances direct inheritors, she explains. “The Renaissance made and shaped the Europe of today.“Jardine sees the Renaissanc
39、e as the first consumer boom. Its great, memorable works, she argues, came about because of acquisitiveness, bordering on avarice. New-found wealth, often the profits of the silk and spice trades, was spent on exquisite possessions, from jewels and globes to paintings and sculpture.“Conspicuous cons
40、umption was a manifestation of power. It was the key way to demonstrate your prosperity, but at the same time it was a manifestation of taste. Many of those who were collectors during the Renaissance were nouveau riche, but they did have a responsibility; just as the newly rich today have a responsi
41、bility to ensure that art flourishes.“Inevitably, under such a system, there will be craftspeople working for very little money, she says. “But that is the price we have to pay to have somebody painting works like the Mona Lisa that challenge society. I only wish you could have Utopia and create goo
42、d art as well.“State sponsorship of the arts in Britain may soon be a thing of the. past. Jardine points to the US where, she says, they understand the importance of the entrepreneurial patron. “We need such patrons in Britain, too.“Britain does have some wealthy families who are interested in the a
43、rts. These include the Sainsbury family, owners of one of the countrys largest supermarket chains; and the Saatchi brothers, founders of the world famous international advertising agency of SaatchiSaatchi. “Firms like Sainsburys,“says Jardine, “do their best to patronize young architects, even if it
44、 is only to build local supermarkets. At present, however, such patrons are not common. “Art mattered to the patrons of the Renaissance,“ she says. “The Popes understood that they were spending money for the future when they spent money on books. And for other patrons, like the Medicis, there was a
45、sense of dynastic responsibility. In a culture which values creativity enough, if people spend large sums at the top then you have freedom of expression, and the impact of that art trickles down and affects ordinary people.“（分数：4.00）(1).What is meant by nouveau fiche?（分数：1.00）A.People with refined t
46、aste.B.Conspicuous consumers.C.The newly rich.D.People with responsibilities.(2).What may be Professor Jardines attitude towards the craftsmen working for very little money?（分数：1.00）A.Sympathetic.B.Indifferent.C.Encouraging.D.Reproachful.(3).Professor Jardine may agree on all of the following statem
47、ents EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.only the rich can enable the great art to flourish.B.there are more similarities than differences between the Renaissance and the contemporary Europe.C.the system of state-sponsored arts funding should be replaced by a system of patronized arts.D.we need to adopt all the prac
48、tice in the Renaissance so that art can flourish today.(4).At the end of the passage, it is implied that_.（分数：1.00）A.there will be more and more patrons for artsB.freedom of expression in art can be achieved by people at the topC.ordinary peoples appreciation of art is inferior to that of people of a higher statusD.the impact of the art is felt earlier by people at the top than by ordinary peopleBTEXT C/BFor Phillip “P. J.“ Stambaugh, the glamour and gold of the dotcom boom swept him from Ithaca, N.Y. to Californias
