1、专业八级-305 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just can“t help them. The professionals do not pose much of a problem 1 for the store detectives, which, assiste
2、d by closed circuit television, 2 two-way mirrors and various other technological device, can usually 3 cope with them. The professionals tend to go high value goods in 4 parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any other case, they account for only a small percentage of the
3、total 5 losses due to shop-lifting. The same applies for the deliberate amateur who is, so to 6 speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealing with severely by the courts. 7 The real problem is that the person who gives way to a sudden temptation are
4、 in all other respects an honest and law-abiding 8 citizen. Contrary to that one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is 9 rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods but cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others wh
5、o, because of age, have sick or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what 10 they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision about whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.（分数：25.00）The term “print“ has several mea
6、nings, so it is important to understand exactly what is meant by the artistic terminology. A print in the artistic sense is not a reproduction of a work of art doing in 11 some other medium, such as painting or drawing. That can in no sense be considered as work of art, since the artist had no 12 in
7、volvement with it. A print is an original work of art created by an indirect method. Instead for making an image directly on a surface, 13 as in drawing or painting, the artist works on a master surface, that 14 may be a sheet of metal, a block of stone, a wood, plastic, or 15 linoleum (油布). From th
8、is master surface, numerous impressions may be made by inking the surface, laying a sheet of paper on it, and then subjected both surface and paper to pressure, generally by 16 means of a printing press. A print may exist in several versions. Sometimes the printmaker alters the image between impress
9、ions, so each print is 17 slightly different from the others. Any series of such prints is referred to as multiples. The number of impressions (known as the edition) that are possible from a single original varies by the 18 material. Prints made from linoleum, which wears readily, will be fewer than
10、 that made from a metal plate, which is capable of striking 19 fine-quality prints in the thousands. It is customary to number prims as they come off the press, the earlier impressions being the finer 20 and therefore the most desirable.（分数：25.00）Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in ani
11、mals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes, and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. Or there are many examples of tool use by 21 the other mammals, as well as by birds and other types of animals. 22 Tools are used by many species in the cap
12、ture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring up ants and termites 23 (白蚁) from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observing in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpanzees 24 to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as anvil (a heavy
13、25 block on which to place the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer. Stones suitable for use as anvils are not easy to find, but thus often a 26 chimpanzee may carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting while these an
14、imals sometimes modify tools to make them 27 better suited their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective 28 for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves. Surprisingly, there is also a species of bird that use sticks to 29 probe holes in the search for insec
15、ts. One of the species of Galapagos finch (雀类), the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stem. This primitive tool is then held in their beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that 30 the bird cannot probe directly with its beak. Birds have been seen t
16、o carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey.（分数：25.00）The last two tornado seasons have been the deadliest in a decade, with 206 deaths. Everyone from the insurance industry to A1 Gore worry that global warming may be causing more tornado 31 activity. But there“s no baseline for comparison. T
17、hat“s why we have 32 no accurate record of tornadoes before the 1950s, back when it was possible for these brief, freakish funnels of air to blow over the unpopulated areas without a notice. 33 Tornado warnings have improved over the years; forecasters can now issue warnings about 18 minutes after t
18、ouchdown for 75 34 percent of twisters. As longer-term forecasts, the science isn“t there 35 yet, despite that you hear on the nightly news. “Television 36 forecasters cater with the public“s curiosity about extreme weather,“ 37 says Michael H. Glantz, a professor at the University of Colorado at Bo
19、ulder. Their goal, of course, is to be first with a forecast of trouble ahead. The number of deaths per tornado is greater in the South than in Tornado Alley (the Great Plains and part of the Midwest)a disparity that can“t be explained for storm frequency or severity. 38 Experts say things like terr
20、ain, population density, and the number of mobile homes play a role. And the biggest factor might be timing: 39 “In the Plains,“ explains Schaefer, “we have a many more clearly 40 defined period of tornado activity, generally from March to late June. In the Southeast, tornadoes can happen all year l
21、ong, so there may be less vigilance.“ Research also shows that the South may have a climatological propensity (倾向) for nighttime storms, which catch people unawaresasleep in bed. Last year“s two killer tornado outbreaks in North Carolina landed between 11:30 p. m. and 3:30 a. m.（分数：25.00）专业八级-305 答案
22、解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just can“t help them. The professionals do not pose much of a problem 1 for the store detectives, which, assisted by closed
23、circuit television, 2 two-way mirrors and various other technological device, can usually 3 cope with them. The professionals tend to go high value goods in 4 parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any other case, they account for only a small percentage of the total 5 loss
24、es due to shop-lifting. The same applies for the deliberate amateur who is, so to 6 speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealing with severely by the courts. 7 The real problem is that the person who gives way to a sudden temptation are in all othe
25、r respects an honest and law-abiding 8 citizen. Contrary to that one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is 9 rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods but cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because o
26、f age, have sick or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what 10 they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision about whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.（分数：25.00）解析：themthemselves解析 代词误用。can“t help oneself
27、表示“控制不住自己”，是固定搭配，必须使用反身代词。此处的意思是“有些人不由自主地想偷窃。”解析：whichwho解析 关系代词误用。此处是定语从句，修饰 the store detectives，所以从句应使用人称代词 who引导。解析：devicedevices解析 名词单复数错误。device“设备，装置”，可数名词，various 和 other后均要求跟名词复数，此处意为“其他各种不同的设备”。解析：gofor解析 介词缺失。本句的意思是“职业扒手更喜欢偷价值高的物品”，因此可以用 go for这个词组，表示“更喜欢，被所吸引”。解析：other other 解析 固定搭配错误。结合
28、上下文可知，这句话的意思是“无论如何，他们只占商店偷窃的一小部分”，in any case 表示“无论如何”。解析：forto解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。结合上下文可知，此处要表达的意思是“相同的情况也适用于有预 谋的业余扒手”。固定搭配 apply to表示“适用于”，apply for 则是“请求，申请”的意思。解析：dealingdealt解析 动词形式错误。结合前半句可知，此处要表达的意思是“扒手一旦被抓就会受到法官严惩”，所以应用被动形式。解析：areis解析 主谓不一致。系动词的主语是由 who引导的定语从句所修饰的 the person，所以谓语应该使用单数。解析：thatwha
29、t解析 从句引导词误用。contrary to 后面的从句是宾语从句，而且从句中的谓语动词 expect缺少宾语，这时连词应该使用 what，既作 expect的宾语，又作介词 to的宾语。解析：sicksickness解析 词性混用。or 连接的成分应保持形式上的一致，且 have后缺少名词作宾语，故应该用 sickness。The term “print“ has several meanings, so it is important to understand exactly what is meant by the artistic terminology. A print in t
30、he artistic sense is not a reproduction of a work of art doing in 11 some other medium, such as painting or drawing. That can in no sense be considered as work of art, since the artist had no 12 involvement with it. A print is an original work of art created by an indirect method. Instead for making
31、 an image directly on a surface, 13 as in drawing or painting, the artist works on a master surface, that 14 may be a sheet of metal, a block of stone, a wood, plastic, or 15 linoleum (油布). From this master surface, numerous impressions may be made by inking the surface, laying a sheet of paper on i
32、t, and then subjected both surface and paper to pressure, generally by 16 means of a printing press. A print may exist in several versions. Sometimes the printmaker alters the image between impressions, so each print is 17 slightly different from the others. Any series of such prints is referred to
33、as multiples. The number of impressions (known as the edition) that are possible from a single original varies by the 18 material. Prints made from linoleum, which wears readily, will be fewer than that made from a metal plate, which is capable of striking 19 fine-quality prints in the thousands. It
34、 is customary to number prims as they come off the press, the earlier impressions being the finer 20 and therefore the most desirable.（分数：25.00）解析：doingdone解析 非谓语动词误用。此处的意思是“从艺术方面理解，拓印同其他媒介不一样，它不是对艺术品的复制。”这里 do和 reproduction是动宾关系，应使用过去分词表被动。解析：worka解析 冠词缺失。work of art 意为“艺术品”，这里的 work作“作品”讲的时候可数，前面应
35、使用不定冠词。解析：forof解析 固定搭配错误。instead of“代替，而不是”，其宾语多由名词、代词、动词-ing形式充当。解析：thatwhich解析 定语从句关系代词错误。这是一个非限制性定语从句，不可以用 that作引导词，所以改为 which。解析：a a 解析 冠词冗余。wood 表示“木头”的时候，是不可数名词，woods 是“小树林”的意思。解析：subjectedsubjecting解析 非谓语动词误用。subject.to.表示“使承受”，这里的 inking the surface，laying a sheet of paper on it 和 subjecting
36、 both surface and paper to pressure都作短语 be made by的宾语，应都使用动名词词组的形式。解析：sothat解析 连词误用。so that 表示“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句。so 作连词，表示结果。这里是指“拓印者移动模板，目的是让每个拓印不一样。”解析：bywith解析 介词误用。vary with 表示“随着的改变而变化”，是固定搭配。解析：thatthose解析 代词误用。这句话中代词所指代的是复数名词 prints，所以应该使用 those代替。解析：finerfinest解析 形容词比较级错误。比较级用于两者之间的比较，这里没有比较连词
37、than，也没有比较对象。而最高级在表示“极，非常”等意义时可以没有比较范围，且 and后面使用的是最高级，所以 finer应改为最高级 finest。Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes, and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. Or there are many examples
38、of tool use by 21 the other mammals, as well as by birds and other types of animals. 22 Tools are used by many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring up ants and termites 23 (白蚁) from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observing in
39、the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpanzees 24 to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as anvil (a heavy 25 block on which to place the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer. Stones suitable for use as anvils are not easy to find, but thus often a 26 chimpanzee may carry a ha
40、ul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting while these animals sometimes modify tools to make them 27 better suited their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective 28 for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may firs
41、t strip it of its leaves. Surprisingly, there is also a species of bird that use sticks to 29 probe holes in the search for insects. One of the species of Galapagos finch (雀类), the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stem. This primitive tool is then held in their
42、beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that 30 the bird cannot probe directly with its beak. Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey.（分数：25.00）解析：OrBut解析 连词误用。or 表示选择关系，而此处前后是一种转折对比关系，前面讲“动物使用工具的最好例子大多来自灵长类”，然后举例，紧接着话锋一转，“也有很多其他哺乳动物甚至是鸟类也使用工具”。use 可以当名词
43、用，此处无误。解析：the the 解析 冠词冗余。The other 指“(两个中的)另外一个”，而 other可以单独用做形容词，泛指“其他的”，所以这里去掉 the。解析：upout解析 介词误用。这句话的意思是“黑猩猩用木棍儿把蚂蚁弄出来”，bring out 意为“使显露，使显现”，而 bring up则意为“教育，培养；提出”。解析：observingobserved解析 非谓语动词误用。现在分词作定语时表示动作的进行和主动，过去分词表完成和被动，在这句话中，工具的使用情况是观察的对象，所以应该使用过去分词表被动。解析：anvilan解析 冠词缺失。anvil 意为“砧似物”，为可
44、数名词单数，在文中第一次提及，所以其前面应该使用不定冠词。解析：butand解析 连词误用。but 作连接词表示转折对比关系，这里前一句讲“能够做砧板的石头不容易找到”，后一句讲“黑猩猩可能要拖着坚果走很远才能找到这种石头”，前后两句是递进关系，用and即可。解析：whilebecause解析 连词误用。while 一般表示对比、转折，由句意可知，连接词后面的句子是对前面的解释，所以应改为 because。解析：suitedfor解析 介词缺失。suited for sb./sth. 为固定搭配，表示“合适，适宜，适当”。解析：useuses解析 主谓不一致。这句话的真正主语是 a speci
45、es of bird，species 表示“种类”，看似复数，实为单数形式。它作先行词，定语从句中的谓语动词应使用单数形式。解析：theirits解析 代词误用。这里的代词指代的是单数名词 the woodpecker finch，所以应使用its。The last two tornado seasons have been the deadliest in a decade, with 206 deaths. Everyone from the insurance industry to A1 Gore worry that global warming may be causing mor
46、e tornado 31 activity. But there“s no baseline for comparison. That“s why we have 32 no accurate record of tornadoes before the 1950s, back when it was possible for these brief, freakish funnels of air to blow over the unpopulated areas without a notice. 33 Tornado warnings have improved over the ye
47、ars; forecasters can now issue warnings about 18 minutes after touchdown for 75 34 percent of twisters. As longer-term forecasts, the science isn“t there 35 yet, despite that you hear on the nightly news. “Television 36 forecasters cater with the public“s curiosity about extreme weather,“ 37 says Mi
48、chael H. Glantz, a professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Their goal, of course, is to be first with a forecast of trouble ahead. The number of deaths per tornado is greater in the South than in Tornado Alley (the Great Plains and part of the Midwest)a disparity that can“t be explained
49、for storm frequency or severity. 38 Experts say things like terrain, population density, and the number of mobile homes play a role. And the biggest factor might be timing: 39 “In the Plains,“ explains Schaefer, “we have a many more clearly 40 defined period of tornado activity, generally from March to late June. In the Southeast, tornadoes can happen all year long, so there may be less vigilance.“ Research also shows that the South may have a climatological propensity (倾向) for nightti
