1、专业八级-301 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BCamping/B First, the equipment. (1) _and sleeping-bag are the 1. _ most important items. Both of them should be (2 )_and 2. _ first-class. Other things include stove, a torch (with spare battery), and also (3)_。 3. _ Second, clo
2、thes. For everyday wear, you should take 2 or 3 pairs of (4)_, several shirts, a jacket, a thick sweater 4. _ and a light raincoat. For footwear, you must have (5)_ 5. _ shoes or hoots. Third, food. I suggest you take (6)_food, for it% 6. _ convenient and hygienic (7)_is a useful thing to have 7. _
3、with you, especially if you get hungry at night. Fourth, medicine. Youd better go to the (8)_for 8. _ advice, asking him to prepare the necessary medicine for you. Some liquid medicine will be needed in case of an (9)_ 9. _ bite. Finally, the miscellaneous. Things like camera, binoculars, radios, an
4、d a couple of books can make your holiday life more enjoyable. And its always interesting to keep a (10)_ 10. _ to record the things you do in holiday.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Considering that the robbers _, this
5、 is quite a daring bank robbery.（分数：1.00）A.stole a Ford just outside the bankB.didnt cover the registration plate of the carC.parked the car just outside the bank and robbed the bank in broad daylightD.abandoned the car after the robbery(2).The registration number of the car the robbers drove is _.（
6、分数：1.00）A.BWA59CA or BWH59CHB.BWV593A or BWV593HC.BWA593 or BWH593D.BWA59C or BWH59C(3).Which of the following is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.The robber fired a shot to make the customers lie on the floor.B.The robber fired the gun after he loaded it.C.The robber didnt fire the gun because it wasnt loaded.D.The
7、 robber didnt fire the gun although it may be loaded.(4).Which of the following is NOT TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.The police came after the manager pressed the alarm bell.B.The police came after one customer called for help.C.The police came and grabbed the scarf of the robber before he made his escape.D.The p
8、olice came after the robbers made their escape.(5).Which of the following details does not match the description of the robber?（分数：1.00）A.Long hair.B.Tattered jeans.C.Broad shoulder.D.A sticking plaster on the face.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following is NOT included in the agreem
9、ent to be signed between Russia and Iran?（分数：1.00）A.Russia will deliver nuclear fuel to Iran.B.Iran will ship waste nuclear rods back to Russia.C.The two countries will build a road for the shipment of nuclear fuel.D.Russia will be responsible for the storage of the waste nuclear rods.(2).The United
10、 States is concerned about _.（分数：1.00）A.the possibility that the nuclear material might be used to produce weaponsB.the safety of nuclear power stationsC.the pollution of the nuclear wasteD.Irans ability to process the nuclear wasteI Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of t
11、he news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news. /I（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following Country/countries drafted the proposal for changes to a draft UN resolution on Iraq?（分数：1.00）A.Russia, France, Germany and China.B.China.C.The U. S. and Britain.D.Iraq.(2
12、).According to the proposal, the multinational force will leave Iraq _.（分数：1.00）A.when full sovereignty is restored to IraqB.when the interim government takes powerC.when the interim government asks them to leaveD.as soon as possible1.I Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the n
13、ews item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. /IWhich of the following statements about President Bushs trip to Europe is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.He presided over the Group of Eight summit.B.He talked with French President on rebuilding Iraq.C.He discussed with Russi
14、an leader on the issue of industrialization.D.He reached agreement with Italian Prime Minister to continue their effort in Iraq.四、BPART READING (总题数：1，分数：5.00)BTEXT A/BDuring the 1970s and 1980s political extremism and terrorism frequently focused on “national liberation“ and economic issues. The co
15、llapse of the Soviet bloc, and the ending of its covert funding and encouragement of terrorism led to a decline in the militant and violent left-wing terrorist groups that were a feature of the age.The 1990s have seen the development of a “new terrorism“. This is not to say that state-backed terrori
16、sm has ceased, but rather that the spectrum of terrorism has widened. This new extremism is frequently driven by religious fervor, is transnational, sanctions extreme violence, and may often be millenialist. The new terrorism may seek out military or government targets, but it also seeks out symboli
17、c civilian targets, and the victims have mostly been innocent civilians,Growing concern about this new terrorism has been paralleled by concern about the employment of the new information and communication technologies (ICTs).ICTs offer a new dimension for political extremists and terrorists. They a
18、llow the diffusion of command and control; they allow boundless new opportunities for communication, and they allow the players to target the information stores, processes and communications of their opponents. The sophistication of the modern nation-state, and its dependency on computer-based ICTs,
19、 make the state ever more vulnerableThe use of ICTs to influence, modify, disrupt or damage a nation state, its institutions or population by influencing the media, Or by subversion, has been called “netwar“, The full range of weapons in the cyberspace armory can be employed in netwar; from propagan
20、da campaigns at one level to interference with databases and networks at the other. What particularly distinguishes netwar from other forms of war is that it targets information and communications, and may be used to alter thinking or disrupt planned actions. In this sense it can be distinguished fr
21、om earlier forms of warfareeconomic wars that target the means of production, and political wars that target leadership and government.Netwar is therefore of particular interest to those engaged in non-military war, or those operating at sub-state level. Clearly nation states might also consider it,
22、 as an adjunct to military war or as an option prior to moving on to military war. So far, however, it appears to be of greater interest to extremist advocacy groups and terrorists. Because there are no physical limits or boundaries, netwar has been adopted by groups who operate across great distanc
23、es or transnationally. The growth of such groups, and their growing powers in relation to those of nation states, suggests an evolving power-based relationship for both. Military strategist Martin Van Creveld has suggested that war in the future is more likely to be waged between such groups and sta
24、tes rather than between states and states.Most modern adversaries of nation states in the realm of low intensity conflict, such as international terrorists, single-issue extremists and ethnic and religious extremists are organized in networks, although their leadership may sometimes be hierarchical.
25、 Law enforcement and security agencies therefore often have difficulty in engaging in low intensity conflict against such networks because they are ill suited to cio so. Their doctrine, training and modus operandi have, all too often, been predicated on combating a hierarchy of command, like their o
26、wn.Only now are low-intensity conflict and terrorism recognized as “strategic“ threats to nation states, and countries which until very recently thought that terrorism was something that happened elsewhere, have become victims themselves.The Tokyo subway attack by the Aum Shinriko and the Oklahoma C
27、ity bombing would have been unthinkable a generation ago, and not only was the civil population unprepared, but also law enforcement. And this despite clear warning signs that such attacks were in the offing.The potential for physical conflict to be replaced by attacks on information infrastructures
28、 has caused states to rethink their concepts of warfare, threats and national assets, at a time when information is recognized as a national asset. The adoption of new information technologies and the use of new communication media, such as the Internet, create vulnerabilities that can be exploited
29、by individuals, organizations and states.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is a major feature of the new terrorism?（分数：1.00）A.It obtains financial support from foreign powers.B.It focuses on military targets of the enemy states.C.It tends to be organized in a hierarchical manner.D.It may choose im
30、portant civilian targets to attack.(2).Netwar should be understood as a war aimed at _.（分数：1.00）A.disrupting the enemys communication systemsB.damaging the institutions of the enemy stateC.manipulating the enemys means of productionD.destroying the leadership of the enemy state(3).We can infer from
31、the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.traditional terrorism was mainly driven by religious fervorB.ideological differences will continue to be a cause of terrorismC.attacks from small terrorist groups will increasingD.the high-tech weapons will greatly facilitate terrorist attacks(4).The best title of the p
32、assage is _.（分数：1.00）A.ICT：A New Weapon for TerrorismB.Netwar: An Unfamiliar Form of WarfareC.Internet: A Vulnerable Target of ExtremistsD.“New Terrorism“: A Real Threat to the World(5).The main difficulty the police have in combating terrorist groups is _.（分数：1.00）A.their poor equipmentB.the insuff
33、iciency of budgetC.their obsolete way of commandD.the transnational nature of the new terrorism五、BTEXT B/B(总题数：2，分数：7.00)It is a big day for the “expert baby. A minivan bearing an official University of Washington seal picks up the 14-month-old boy and his mother and takes them to a Seattle day-care
34、 center. Once inside, he is placed at the head of a table surrounded by his “students,“ a bevy of babies his age. Researchers from the universitys psychology department observe and take notes. The miniprofessor begins his lesson: Whaaack! He smacks the top of a special camping cup with his palm, and
35、 it collapses. His pupils look at one another, wide-eyed. Then he deftly pulls apart a puzzle and puts it back together. As a finale, he hits a hidden button on a box, which produces a buzzing sound. A delighted squeal rises from the audience. Wunderkind is then whisked away. Two days later, a resea
36、rcher visits the houses of each of the young pupils, unpacking a black bag to reveal the little-professors toys. The infants grin in recognition and repeat the tricks they observed. Like the expert baby before them, they have mastered these routines. But when the researchers visit babies who havent
37、been primed, the results are decidedly different. Those babies bang the cup on the table, but never collapse it. They chew on the puzzle, but dont assemble it. They rub the box, but fail to find the secret button. The expert baby and his cohorts are part of a revolution in how scientists view very y
38、oung children. For most of this century, infants were regarded as gurgling blobs, soaking up sights and sounds but unable to make much use of them. But it turns out that babies are reasoning beings even in their very first months. “Before they have the ability to use language, infants can think, dra
39、w conclusions, make 15redictions, look for explanations, and even do miniexperiments,” says Andrew Meltzoff, head of developmental psychology at the University of Washington and coauthor of The Scientist in the Crib, published this week.（分数：3.00）(1).In the passage, “cohorts“ (in the first line of th
40、e 4th paragraph) refer to _.（分数：1.00）A.the toys the miniprofessor usedB.the babies taking part in the researchC.the researchers conducting the studyD.the teachers at the day-care center(2).The word Wunderkind probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.boxB.young geniusC.puzzleD.squeal(3).The experiment described i
41、n the passage shows that _.（分数：1.00）A.an infant prodigy performs much better than ordinary kidsB.developmental psychology is an interesting subjectC.babies can learn intricate tricks so long as they are trainedD.toys are important tools to teach science withBTEXT C/BAIDS is not transmitted through r
42、outine, nonintimate contact in the home or the workplace. Transmission from one person to another appears to require either intimate sexual contact or exchange of blood or body fluids (whether from contaminated hypodermic needles or syringes, transfusions of infected blood, or transmission from an i
43、nfected mother to her child before or during birth).As of April 1988, 98,000 cases of AIDS had been identified in the United States, and more than 21,000 persons had died of AIDS. Among those who died were well-known figures in the worlds of politics, the arts, entertainment, business, and sports. A
44、s has been well publicized, the high-risk groups most in danger of contracting AIDS are homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous (IV) drug users, and their sexual partners. Recently, there has been increasing evidence that AIDS is a particular danger for the urban poor, in good part because of trans
45、mission via IV drug use. Whereas blacks and Hispanics represent about 20 percent of the nations population, they constitute 40 percent of all Americans with AIDS. Moreover, 91 percent of infants with AIDS are nonwhite.According to government projections, the AIDS epidemic will achieve even more dist
46、ressing proportions by the early 1990s. It is estimated that 54,000 to 64,000 Americanswill die from AIDS in 1991. By that time, some 270,000 Americans will have AIDS and 1.5 million Americans will be infected with the HIV virus. Just as the number of AIDS cases will skyrocket by the 1990s, so too w
47、ill the costs of the disease.On the micro level of social interaction, it has been widely forecast that AIDS will lead to a more conservative sexual climateamong both homosexuals and heterosexualsin which people will be much more cautious about involvement with new partners. Yet, in a survey in earl
48、y 1987, 92 percent of the respondents claimed that AIDS would have no impact on how they conduct their lives. In line with these data, a long-term study of the wives of hemophiliacs with AIDS revealed a common failure to practice “safer sex“ by using condomsa failure which increases the womens likelihood of contracting AIDS.While some Americans may refuse to change their sexual behavior, there is little doubt that AIDS has created a climate of fear in the United Stat
