1、专业八级-298 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriagetwenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, making up a large proportion of those 1
2、are living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners 2 on their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle 3 choice. Living alone was conceived to be negativedark and cold, since being together suggested warmth and light. But then came 4 along the idea of singles. They we
3、re young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn“t leave much rooms for relationships. Pimpi 5 Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn“t got time to get alone beca
4、use he has too much work. 6 “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fair 7 difficult.“ Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, an author of a recent book called The 8 Single Woman and Prince Charming , thought this very new 9 individualism means
5、that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don“t last longif they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. She says she“d never have wanted to do that her
6、mother didgive up 10 a career to raise a family. Instead, “I“ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.“（分数：25.00）The health-care economy is replete with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understanding 11 involves the peculiar roles of producer or
7、 “provider“ and purchaser or “consumer“ in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller attempts to attract a potential 12 buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, or it 13 is the buyer who makes the decision. Where circumstances per
8、mit the buyer choice because there is effectively only one seller and the 14 product is relatively essential, government usually asserts monopoly and places the industry under price and other regulations. Both of 15 these conditions prevails in most of the health-care industry. In the health-care in
9、dustry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship with producer and 16 consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physicistand 17 even then there may be no real choiceit is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the
10、patient should return “next Wednesday“, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is rare and 18 sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise at advance questions about price, especially when the 19 ailment is regarded as serious. This is
11、 particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged: The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in main it is the doctor“s ju
12、dgments that are final. 20 （分数：25.00）It is important that the education to youths aims at developing a social awareness in these adults-to-be. It is important that the training is given to them consists of environmental education. Values 21 like saving animals, curbing deforestation, controlling pol
13、lution should be inculcated in the youths of today. The education to youths should bring before them to the present-day problems faced by the 22 society. The youths might come in with innovative solutions to the 23 problems of today. Education should aim at resolving to foster the good practices int
14、o the youth in such a way like a conscious choice 24 rejecting the bad ones. Education to youths should bring forth the critical social issues and encourage the youngsters to resolve it. 25 Education should motivate the youths to come forward to work for society. It should instill in them a feeling
15、that they belong to the society and that it is their responsibility to drive it on the righteous path. Overpopulation is another important social issue we face today. It is one of the greatest concernings of mankind. Sex education, 26 effects of excessive growth of population and the ways of control
16、ling population need to be taught to the youths of the present times. The education to youths should give them sense of social awareness, 27 along with their growing sense of self-awareness. The fundamental purpose of education is to create good human beings. Education is vital to the healthy growin
17、g and development of 28 one“s personality, On making the “beings human“ to produce 29 “human beings“, lie the importance of education to youths. 30 （分数：25.00）When we speak to another individual or group, the distance our bodies are physically apart also communicates a message. Most of us are unaware
18、 for the importance of space in communication until 31 we are confronting with someone who uses it differently. For 32 instance, we all have a sense of which is a comfortable interaction 33 distance to a person with whom we are speaking. If that person gets closer than the distance in which we are c
19、omfortable, we usually 34 automatically back up to reestablish our comfort zone. Similarly, if we feel that we are too far away from the person we are talking to, we likely to close the distance between us. If two speakers have 35 different comfortable interaction distances, a ballet of shifting pos
20、itions usually occurs until one of the individuals is backed into a corner and feels threatened with what may be perceived 36 like hostile. As a result, the verbal message may not be listened to 37 or understood as it is intended. 38 Comfort in interaction distance mostly has to do with the distance
21、 between faces that are looking directly at each other. Most people do not have the same feeling about physical closeness if they do not have eyes contact. In a crowd or an elevator, people usually 39 choose to not to look at anyone in order to avoid feeling. 40 （分数：25.00）专业八级-298 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时
22、间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriagetwenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, making up a large proportion of those 1 are living alone, the newest
23、 crop of singles are high earners 2 on their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle 3 choice. Living alone was conceived to be negativedark and cold, since being together suggested warmth and light. But then came 4 along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong!
24、 Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn“t leave much rooms for relationships. Pimpi 5 Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn“t got time to get alone because he has too much work. 6
25、“I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fair 7 difficult.“ Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, an author of a recent book called The 8 Single Woman and Prince Charming , thought this very new 9 individualism means that people expect more and
26、more of mates, so relationships don“t last longif they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. She says she“d never have wanted to do that her mother didgive up 10 a caree
27、r to raise a family. Instead, “I“ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.“（分数：25.00）解析：makingmake解析 动词形式错误。while 引导的状语从句缺少谓语，因此 making使用错误，应该改为 make作从句的谓语。解析：第一个 are are 解析 系动词冗余。此处代词 those是介词 of的宾语，living alone 是分词作定语修饰 those，are 是多余的。解析：onin解析 介词误用。表示“在岁的年龄”时用“in one“s+年龄数字
28、+s”。解析：sincewhile解析 连词误用。这里主句说“独居被认为是消极的：黑暗而又寒冷”；从句说“和别人同住则意味着温暖和光明”，可见主句与从句之间是对比关系，不是因果关系，因此应该使用while。解析：roomsroom解析 名词单复数错误。room 当“空间”讲时是不可数名词，如果是可数名词则表示“房间”。这里是说“更加努力地工作使人们没有发展情侣关系的空间了”，因此应该使用不可数名词。解析：alonelonely解析 近义词误用。alone 是表语形容词，表示“单独的”，而 lonely则表示“孤独的，寂寞的”。本句说“35 岁独居的作曲家 Pimpi Arroyo说因为有太多的
29、事要做，他根本没有时间体会孤独和寂寞。”因此使用 lonely。解析：fairfairly解析 词性混用。此处修饰的是形容词 difficult，因此应该使用 fair的副词形式fairly，意为“很，非常”。解析：an an 解析 冠词冗余。此处 author of a recent book.是 Kaufmann的同位语，二者是完全对等关系，不需要使用冠词。解析：thoughtthinks解析 时态错误。文章通篇用的是一般现在时，且此处主语是单数，因此应该使用 thinks，而不是 thought。解析：thatwhat解析 从句引导词误用。这里 do后面的句子是宾语从句，连词既要作 wa
30、nted to do的宾语，又要作从句中 did的宾语，因此使用 what。The health-care economy is replete with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understanding 11 involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider“ and purchaser or “consumer“ in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sector
31、s of the economy, it is the seller attempts to attract a potential 12 buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, or it 13 is the buyer who makes the decision. Where circumstances permit the buyer choice because there is effectively only one seller and the 14 product is relatively
32、 essential, government usually asserts monopoly and places the industry under price and other regulations. Both of 15 these conditions prevails in most of the health-care industry. In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship with prod
33、ucer and 16 consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physicistand 17 even then there may be no real choiceit is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday“, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescri
34、bed, etc. It is rare and 18 sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise at advance questions about price, especially when the 19 ailment is regarded as serious. This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for ho
35、spitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged: The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in main it is the doctor“s judgments that are final. 20 （分数：25.00）解析：uuderstandingunderstood解析 非谓语动词误用。此处 understand修饰 one，而 on
36、e指代前面出现的 economic relationship，和 understand构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应该使用过去分词表示被动。此处意为“最令人费解的是。”解析：sellerwho/that解析 强调句型错误。此处是“It is+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”这一强调句型的用法。这里被强调的句子的主语 seller是人，因此应该使用 who或者 that引导。解析：orand解析 连词误用。上句说“卖方通过价格、质量和效用等各种办法来吸引潜在的客户”，下文说“买方来做出买卖决定”，可见二者是并列关系，不是选择关系，所以将 or改为 and。解析：choiceno解析 语
37、义错误。此处 where引导的是一个状语从句，从句意为“因为在某些环境下卖方事实上只有一个，且商品相对较为重要，因此买方没有选择的余地”，所以是 no choice。解析：BothNeither解析 语义错误。上文提到“在大多数经济领域，卖方通过价格、质量和效用等各种办法来吸引潜在的客户，买方最终做出决定。当只有一个卖方且产品对买家来说非常重要时，政府就认定这种情况为垄断，会对这个行业施行价格和其他方面的管控。”但文章第一句就指出“医疗保健经济充满了特殊性，甚至是独一无二的”。由此可知，大多数经济领域中的情况不适用于医疗保健经济，因此此处要用表否定意义的 Neither。解析：withbetw
38、een解析 介词误用。此处表示生产者和消费者之间的关系，应该使用between.and.的结构。解析：physicistphysician解析 形近词误用。physicist 是“物理学家”，显然不符合语境，而physician是“内科医生”，用在此处合适。解析：rarea解析 冠词缺失。这里是强调句型“it is.who.”，强调的是主语 a rare and sophisticated patient，不定冠词 a不能省略。解析：atin解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。词组 in advance表示“提前”。解析：mainthe解析 固定搭配中的冠词缺失。in the main 表示“总体上讲
39、，基本上”，定冠词the不能省略。It is important that the education to youths aims at developing a social awareness in these adults-to-be. It is important that the training is given to them consists of environmental education. Values 21 like saving animals, curbing deforestation, controlling pollution should be inc
40、ulcated in the youths of today. The education to youths should bring before them to the present-day problems faced by the 22 society. The youths might come in with innovative solutions to the 23 problems of today. Education should aim at resolving to foster the good practices into the youth in such
41、a way like a conscious choice 24 rejecting the bad ones. Education to youths should bring forth the critical social issues and encourage the youngsters to resolve it. 25 Education should motivate the youths to come forward to work for society. It should instill in them a feeling that they belong to
42、the society and that it is their responsibility to drive it on the righteous path. Overpopulation is another important social issue we face today. It is one of the greatest concernings of mankind. Sex education, 26 effects of excessive growth of population and the ways of controlling population need
43、 to be taught to the youths of the present times. The education to youths should give them sense of social awareness, 27 along with their growing sense of self-awareness. The fundamental purpose of education is to create good human beings. Education is vital to the healthy growing and development of
44、 28 one“s personality, On making the “beings human“ to produce 29 “human beings“, lie the importance of education to youths. 30 （分数：25.00）解析：is is 解析 be 动词冗余。本句中 given to them是 training的后置定语，意思是“给予他们的培训”。此处并非被动语态结构，而是分词作后置定语，故将 is去掉。解析：to to 解析 介词冗余。此处 bring的宾语为 the present-day problems“当今的问题”，faced
45、 by the society作后置定语修饰 problems，而 bring sth. before sb. 为常见结构，意思是“将带到面前”，故将介词 to去掉。解析：inup解析 固定搭配中的副词误用。come up with 是固定搭配，意思是“提出，想出”，故将介词 in改为副词 up。解析：likeas解析 固定搭配错误。such.as 为固定搭配，意为“像一样”，故将 like改为as。解析：itthem解析 代词误用。这里代词指代的是前文中的 the critical social issues，应该用复数形式，故将 it改为 them。解析：concerningsconcer
46、ns解析 词性误用。concerning 的意思是“关于，就而言”，为介词；而 concerns的意思是“令人担忧的事实(或情况)，关心”，为名词。该句意思是“这是人类最担心的事情之一。”故应将 concernings改为 concerns。解析：sensea解析 冠词缺失。a sense of.是固定搭配，意思是“的感觉或意识”，故加上冠词 a。解析：growinggrowth解析 词性误用。growing 的意思是“生长的，发展的”，为形容词，而healthy为形容词，其后应接名词，故将 growing改为 growth。解析：OnIn解析 介词误用。本句使用了倒装结构，主语为 the i
47、mportance of education to youths，谓语为 lie，而 lie in为固定搭配，意思是“在于”，故将介词 On改为 In。解析：lielies解析 主谓不一致。该句的主语为 the importance of education to youths，为不可数名词，故谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式 lies。When we speak to another individual or group, the distance our bodies are physically apart also communicates a message. Most of us
48、are unaware for the importance of space in communication until 31 we are confronting with someone who uses it differently. For 32 instance, we all have a sense of which is a comfortable interaction 33 distance to a person with whom we are speaking. If that person gets closer than the distance in whi
49、ch we are comfortable, we usually 34 automatically back up to reestablish our comfort zone. Similarly, if we feel that we are too far away from the person we are talking to, we likely to close the distance between us. If two speakers have 35 different comfortable interaction distances, a ballet of shifting positions usually occurs until one of the individuals is backed into a corner and feels threatened with what may be perceived 36 like hostile. As a result, the verbal me
