1、专业八级-297 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BStatistic/B B. The defendant is guilty or not?/B Expert: 1) A DNA sample (1) _ defendants. (1)_ 2) The possibility of odds is one in million. Defense lawyer: Counter the fact that if in a city of three million people, there are (2)
2、 _ (2) _ matching each other s DNA. B. Unjust discrimination?/B 1) Universities add additional points to minority group students. They unlawfully make an easier (3) _ for those students. (3)_ 2) Annie was kept from (4) _. Her lawyer used statistics to show (4) _ that workers, who were not in (5) _ g
3、roup, with the same (5)_ qualifications were promoted. 3) Tobacco companies won the cases because of the (6) _ (6) _ Warning: statistics should be (7) _ along with other evidence. (7)_ B. Statistics in calculation:/B 1) (8) _ analysis: e.g. Bert could no longer work. Statisticians (8) _ predict how
4、long he could work and how long he could have made. 2) Multiple regression analysis: Statistician finds the “best fit“ for all the sample data when multiple independent (9) _ are at work. (9)_ B. Statistics on the witness stand:/B -experts know how to make statistics (10) _ (10) _ -cross examine and
5、 challenge the validity of statistics（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following q
6、uestions. Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).From which place did they start their sightseeing?（分数：1.00）A.Houses of Parliament and Big Ben.B.The south bank of the Thames.C.Lambeth Bridge.D.Westminster Abbey.(2).Where does the Horatio Nelson the naval captain who defeated Napoleon at the battle
7、 of Trafalgar in 1805, and so stopped him from invading England stand?（分数：1.00）A.St. James s Park.B.Whitehall.C.Downing Street.D.Trafalgar Square.(3).According to the conversation when are all the big shops closed?（分数：1.00）A.On weekend.B.On Sunday.C.On workday.D.On Saturday.(4).From the conversation
8、 we can know where is the Chinese Embassy?（分数：1.00）A.At Marble Arch.B.Near Hyde Park.C.In Portland place.D.At Mayfair.(5).From the conversation what can we deduce?（分数：1.00）A.Robinson is an English.B.Li is very familiar with London.C.It is the Lis first look at London.D.It is the Robinsons first look
9、 at London.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)IQuestions 6 translated 1874) and Around the World in 80Days (1873; translated 1874).D.Bright, entertaining adventure stories that celebrated the possibilities of technology.(4).According to the passage, how does the author think about Jules Verne?（分数：1.00）A.A
10、 stranger.B.A scientist whose job was to discover the future and cast new technology in a darker light.C.From the start, the father of science fiction was gravely concerned with the dangers of technology.D.He was either a scientist or an engineer.BTEXT B/BKidnappings around the world have typically
11、had one of two major goals: publicity for a local political cause or as a form of“ fund-raising“ for the kidnappers. Recently, kidnappings for political reasons have been on the decrease, whereas kidnapping for profit has seen a dramatic increase.A prime example of this trend is in Colombia. Colombi
12、a is considered to be the kidnapping capital of the world, with rival guerrilla and paramilitary groups consistently abducting civilians-including businessmen, tourists and aid workers. The ransom money obtained from these activities is used primarily to finance a 37- year civil war in Colombia. The
13、 U.S. State Department estimates that more than 3,000 people are kidnapped in Colombia each year. Most kidnap victims are Colombians who are either wealthy or who can at least come up with a few thousand dollars. Although the kidnappings are most often performed by political dissidents, the motivati
14、on for the kidnappings is usually money, not politics.Colombia is not the only country to be plagued with this increase in kidnappings for profit. Ransom kidnappings are becoming more common in Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Chechnya, the Philippines, Haiti, and many other developing countries thr
15、oughout the world. Although many kidnappings are politically motivated, a growing number are simply fund-raising exercises by guerrillas or common criminals. For example, when a new rebel group, the Popular Revolutionary Army, surfaced in Mexico in 1996, experts concluded that the group financed its
16、elf through kidnappings carried out over the previous two years.One of the causes of the worldwide increase in kidnappings for profit is that billions of dollars in foreign investment has only marginally assisted the poor throughout the Third World. This has created a growing resentment of the elite
17、s who have hoarded much of the wealth. Therefore, often kidnappings for profit throughout the Third World are a backlash by the poor against the elites, in an attempt to even the score by obtaining some of their money.Moreover, there is an increasing risk of kidnapping for tourists and expatriate ex
18、ecutives throughout the world. This is particularly so for Americans, who are perceived as rich even when they are not. Their substantial numbers-3.2 million living overseas and 50 million traveling internationally each year-have left Americans more at risk than citizens of other countries. In many
19、countries, the kidnapping of business people, especially American executives and mid-level managers, as well as tourists has become a thriving business. For example, during the last several years, the FARC and ELN, two Colombian terrorist groups, have extorted more than $632 million from foreign com
20、panies and individuals.In fact, the problem of kidnapping has become so bad internationally that several insurance and security companies are offering either international kidnapping insurance or, at least, detailed instructions on how to avoid a kidnapping. This too has become a thriving business.
21、According to Fielding Worldwide, Inc., a typical KRE (Kidnap, Ransom and Extortion) insurance policy has a $1 million limit. An annual policy would cost between US$7,000 in Brazil or up to a maximum of US$26,000 in Colombia-this is an incredible cost. Corporations usually buy blanket policies that c
22、over all employees, but often business is intertwined with extended family from grandparents down to grandchildren. Therefore, often the entire family must be included in the policy to ensure maximum coverage.Since kidnappers are aware of these KRE policies, the insurance policies have inadvertently
23、 created a way for them to make even more money than if they were to kidnap a typical man off the street. So, is it necessary to obtain one of these policies? Seitlin he might hear different opinions now that a Shiite dominated government is more or less in place.Trofimovs episodic narrative creates
24、 a mosaic of the Muslim universe, which is less monolithic than generally pictured. Each tile is exquisitely wrought, but the overall pattern is not always clear. Trofimov implies that in the eyes of a great many Muslims, what began as a war against terrorism has morphed into a war against Islam- a
25、clash of civilizations. But Muslims in more moderate countries like Tunisia and Mali dont seem to share that view, and I for one couldnt tell which vision is likely to prevail.That said, this book deserves a wide readership. The Muslims dont understand us, we dont understand them. “Faith at War“ goe
26、s a long way toward solving the second part of that dismal equation.（分数：3.00）(1).Concerning the book, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.It is partly a travel book.B.It is partly a political one.C.It is partly a cultural commentary.D.It is partly an academic one.(2).According t
27、o Trofimov, who most often do harbor the extremist ideas?（分数：1.00）A.The masses.B.The well-to-do.C.The poor people.D.The better educated.(3).As far as the problem of “Faith at War“ is concerned, which conclusion can NOT be drawn from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The author may attribute the hatred towards
28、Americans to the clash of civilizations.B.The book tries to provide an insight into the Islamic world.C.The book provides a solution to the problem.D.The author do not provide a satisfied picture of the whole Islamic world.BTEXT D/BIn crime novels the mysteries seen in detective stories are retained
29、, but the investigation focuses more on character than on physical clues or on fooling the reader. Police officers had been detectives in fiction ever since Dickens, but with the police-procedural novel, beginning with V as in Victim by Lawrence Treat, the focus became the grim realities of police w
30、ork- corruption, bribes, lying, and the necessity for informers.An emphasis on police work and on criminal psychology (understanding the motivation for a crime) characterized much British detective fiction beginning in the 1920s. This can be seen in the works of P. D. James, who introduced Inspector
31、 Adam Dalgliesh in Cover Her Face (1962); Ruth Rendell, with Inspector Reginald Wexford in From Doon with Death (1964); and Colin Dexter with Inspector Morse in Last Bus to Woodstock (1975). Other successful writers in this school, including Catherine Aird, Reginald Hill, Patricia Moyes, and June Th
32、omson, have at the center of their works an imperfect though sensitive detective whose life and attitudes are of almost equal importance to the mystery. This style became so popular that the formula has occasionally been reversed, most notably in the darkly comic novels of Robert Barnard and in the
33、works of Joyce Porter, whose Inspector Wilfred Dover is as unsympathetic as he is slovenly.Contemporary crime-fiction writers have been strongly influenced not only by Ross Macdonald, but by Mickey Spillane and John D. MacDonald. MacDonalds stories about salvage expert Travis McGee shed light on the
34、 corruptions of modem life. In the 1970s many American writers of detective fiction began to focus, at least in part, on their detectives personal life. Among the most notable creators of private investigators whose character extends beyond the case they are probing are Bill Pronzini, Robert B. Park
35、er, Lawrence Block, and Loren D. Estleman.At the same time, some writers have avoided graphic violence and explorations of the criminal mind, and have returned to the time-honored device of hooking the reader by slowly revealing a series of clues. Works of this kind, most of which have a lighthearte
36、d flavor, have been granted cozies. Charlotte MacLeods two series about Peter Shandy and Sarah Kelling made her one of the most popular of the cozy writers. Other writers in this school include Carolyn Hart, Nancy Pickard, and Jane Langton.The crime novels of the 1980s saw increasing numbers of fema
37、le investigators who, like their male counter- parts, were quick-witted and capable of dealing with dangerous situations. Marcia Muller was described by fellow writer Sue Grafton as the “founding mother“ of the form for her creation of Sharon McCone in Edwin of the Iron Shoes (1977). Grafton s wisec
38、racking private detective Kinsey Millhone is featured in a series of alphabetically titled mysteries, starting with “A“ Is for Alibi, which was published in 1982, the same year that the self-reliant private eye Victoria Iphigenia (“V. I.“) Warshawski made her first appearance in Indemnity Only, writ
39、ten by Sara Paretsky. Patricia Cornwell brought autopsy analysis to the forefront of detective fiction with Postmortem (1990), centering on medical examiner Kay Scarpeta.The combination of crime fiction with other popular types, long a popular practice, gained new favor in the late 20th century. The
40、 historical detective story has several pioneers, including Christie s Death Comes as the End (1944), set in ancient Egypt, but the true progenitors were Lillian de la Torre with Dr. Sam Johnson, Detector (1946) and John Dickson Carr with The Bride of Newgate (1950) and other novels. The Brother Cad
41、fael stories of Ellis Peters (a pseudonym for Edith Pargeter), which take place in 12th-century Britain, are filled with warmth, humor, and young love, as well as sleuthing. The Name of the Rose (1983), also set in medieval Europe and written by Italian author Umberto Eco, emphasizes philosophical i
42、ssues as much as it does mystery. Also of special interest are novels featuring the 7th-century Chinese sleuth Judge Dee, written by Dutch diplomat Robert van Gulik, and the Victorian novels by Peter Lovesey and Anne Perry.（分数：3.00）(1).What was the characteristic of British detective fiction beginni
43、ng in the 1920s?（分数：1.00）A.The investigation focuses more on character than on physical clues or on fooling the reader.B.Police officers had been detectives in fiction.C.An emphasis on police work and on criminal psychology.D.The focus became the grim realities of police work - corruption, bribes, l
44、ying, and the necessity for informers.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT tree?（分数：1.00）A.In the 1970s some writers have avoided showing violence and began to explore the criminal mind, and returned to the old style of hooking the reader by slowly revealing a series of clues.
45、B.In the 1980s crime novels, the increasing numbers of male investigators were smart and capable of dealing with dangerous situations.C.MacDonalds stories about salvage expert Travis McGee shed light on the corruptions of modem life.D.In the 1970s many American writers of detective fiction began to
46、focus, at least in part, on their detectives personal life.(3).The best title of the passage would be _（分数：1.00）A.Criminal PsychologyB.Diversification of Crime FictionsC.Crime NovelsD.Highlight of Criminal NovelsBTEXT E/BThousands of teachers at the elementary, secondary, and college levels can test
47、ify that their students writing exhibits a tendency toward a superficiality that wasnt seen, say 10 or 15 years ago. It shows up not only in their lack of analytical skills, but in poor command of grammar and rhetoric. I ye been asked by a graduate student what a semicolon is. The mechanics of the E
48、nglish language have been tortured to pieces by TV. Visual, moving images-which are the venue of television-cant be held in the net of careful language. They want to break out. They really have nothing to do with language, grammar, and rhetoric, and they have become fractured.Recent surveys by dozens of organizations also suggest that up to 40% of the American public is functionally illiterate. That is, our citizens reading and writing abilities, if they have any, are impaired so seriously a
